28 August 1290 – the second Treaty of Birgham is ratified at Northampton, arranging for the marriage of the Scottish heir, Margaret, to the son of Edward I of England. The treaty ensured that their domains would remain "separate and divided", contrary to common marriage laws, ensuring the two kingdoms remained independent.[1]
January 1291 – the Bishop of Durham, Antony Bek, arrives in Scotland on a diplomatic mission.
May 1291 – King Edward I of England arrives at Norham, England and sends correspondence to the Guardians of Scotland demanding that his claim of feudal overlordship of Scotland be recognised.[2]
3 June 1291 – the English army musters at Norham.
6 June 1291 – the Guardians of Scotland and the Scottish nobility agree on terms to have Edward I arbitrate over the selection of the next King of Scotland from amongst the competitors.
6 June 1291 – the realm and the principal royal castles of Scotland are placed in temporary control of Edward I.
13 June 1291 – the Guardians of Scotland and the Scottish nobility swear fealty to Edward I at Upsettlington, on the river bank opposite Norham Castle. This was followed later by swearing of fealty at Perth, Ayr, Inverness and Galloway.
27 June 1299 – Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull Scimus, Fili, condemning Edward I's invasions of Scotland and calling for peace negotiations.[5]