1894 British Columbia general election

The 1894 British Columbia general election was held in 1894. The number of members remained at 33 with the number of ridings increased to 26 as a result of the partition of the Yale and Westminster ridings.

Unlike the previous BC general election, in 1894 of the 33 MLAs 20 were elected in single member districts. There were also three 2-member districts, one 3-member district and one 4-member district. Each voter could cast as many votes as there were seats to fill in the district.^[1]

There were to be no political parties in the new province. The designations "Government" and "Opposition" and "Independent" (and variations on these) functioned in place of parties, but they were very loose and do not represent formal coalitions, more alignments of support during the campaign. "Government" meant in support of the current Premier; "Opposition" meant campaigning against him, and often enough the Opposition would win and immediately become the Government.

Although Labour as a party had run candidates in previous election, this election saw the first victories by Labour candidates (in Nanaimo and Nanaimo City), and a "Farmer" candidate (in the second Nanaimo seat). As well a Labour-oriented Nationalist Party candidate was elected in Vancouver City - Robert Macpherson.^[2]

There were five successful independents.

The government of newspaperman John Robson received a mandate after assuming power the year before. Robson died in office in 1892, yielding to Theodore Davie.

Any changes due to byelections are shown below the main table showing the theoretical composition of the House after the election. A final table showing the composition of the House at the dissolution of the Legislature at the end of this Parliament can be found below the byelections. The main table represents the immediate results of the election only, not changes in governing coalitions or eventual changes due to byelections.

The original ridings were thirteen in number, and Cowichan was restored to a two-member seat while Westminster (formerly New Westminster, actually the rural areas of the New Westminster Land District rather than the City of New Westminster, which was and continued to be represented by New Westminster City) was partitioned in four; Vancouver City was increased to three members from two while Cariboo was decreased to two from three. The Victoria, Nanaimo, West Kootenay and Lillooet ridings were partitioned also, and the Alberni and Cowichan ridings were combined into Cowichan-Alberni, which was a two-member seat. In addition the Nanaimo-area riding of The Islands which had appeared for the first time in 1890 election was no longer on the hustings, although it would re-appear again following the major redistribution that preceded the 1903 election. There were no political parties were not acceptable in the House by convention, though some members were openly partisan at the federal level (usually Conservative, although both Liberal and Labour allegiance were on display by some candidates).

These ridings were:

• Cariboo (three members)
• Cassiar (one member)
• Comox (one member)
• Cowichan-Alberni (two members)
• East Kootenay
• Esquimalt (two members)
• Lillooet East (one member)
• Lillooet West (one member)
• North Nanaimo (one member)
• South Nanaimo (one member)
• Nanaimo City (one member)
• New Westminster City (one member)
• North Victoria (one member)
• South Victoria (one member)
• Vancouver City (three members)
• Victoria City (four members)
• West Kootenay (north riding) (one member)
• West Kootenay (south riding) (one member)
• Westminster-Chilliwhack (one member)
• Westminster-Delta (one member)
• Westminster-Dewdney (one member)
• Westminster-Richmond (one member)
• Yale-East (one member)
• Yale-North (one member)
• Yale-West (one member)

Natives (First Nations) and Chinese were disallowed from voting, although naturalized Kanakas (Hawaiian colonists) and American and West Indian blacks and certain others participated. The requirement that knowledge of English be spoken for balloting was discussed but not applied.

Results of British Columbia general election, 1894
Government				Opposition
	Member	Riding & party		Riding & party		Member
	William Adams	Cariboo Government			Lillooet East Opposition	James Douglas Prentice
	Samuel Augustus Rogers				New Westminster City Opposition	James Buckham Kennedy
	John Irving	Cassiar Government			Vancouver City Opposition	Francis Lovett Carter-Cotton
	Joseph Hunter	Comox Government				Robert Macpherson
	Theodore Davie1	Cowichan-Alberni Government				Adolphus Williams
	James Mitchell Mutter				West Kootenay (South riding) Opposition	John Frederick Hume
	James Baker	East Kootenay Government			Westminster-Dewdney Opposition	Colin Buchanan Sword
	Theodore Davie	Esquimalt Government			Yale-East Opposition	Donald Graham
	Charles Edward Pooley				Westminster-Delta Opposition	Thomas William Forster
	Alfred Wellington Smith	Lillooet West Government			Yale-West Opposition	Charles Augustus Semlin
	James McGregor	Nanaimo City Government
	John Bryden	North Nanaimo Government
	John Paton Booth	North Victoria Government
	William Wymond Walkem	South Nanaimo Government
	David McEwen Eberts	South Victoria Government
	John Braden	Victoria City Government
	Henry Dallas Helmcken
	Robert Paterson Rithet
	John Herbert Turner
	James M. Kellie	West Kootenay (North riding) Government
	Thomas Edwin Kitchen	Westminster-Chilliwhack Government
	Thomas Kidd	Westminster-Richmond Government
	George Bohun Martin	Yale-North Government
	1 Premier-Elect and Incumbent Premier
Source: [3]

• List of British Columbia political parties

• In the Sea of Sterile Mountains: The Chinese in British Columbia, Joseph Morton, J.J. Douglas, Vancouver (1974). Despite its title, a fairly thorough account of the politicians and electoral politics in early BC.

Specific