Events in the year 1900 in Japan. It corresponds to Meiji 33 (明治33年) in the Japanese calendar.
- January 1 – Chiune Sugihara, diplomat (d. 1986)
- January 2 – Mansaku Itami, film director (d. 1946)
- January 13 – Shimizugawa Motokichi, sumo wrestler (d. 1967)
- January 16 – Kiku Amino, author and translator (d. 1978)
- February 11 – Jōsei Toda, educator and peace activist (d. 1958)
- February 27 – Keiji Nishitani, philosopher (d. 1990)
- March 15 – Kenji Tomiki, aikido and judo teacher (d. 1979)
- June 1 – Noburō Ōfuji, film director and animator (d. 1961)
- July 4 – Ukichiro Nakaya, physicist (d. 1962)
- July 5 – Yoshimaro Yamashina, ornithologist (d. 1989)
- July 16 – Mumon Yamada, Rinzai religious leader (d. 1988)
- July 23 – Prince Kaya Tsunenori (d. 1978)
- August 4 – Nabi Tajima, supercentenarian (d. 2018)
- August 23 – Tatsuji Miyoshi, poet, literary critic, and editor (d. 1964)
- December 24 – Hawayo Takata, teacher and master practitioner of Reiki (d. 1980)