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1995 Kerinci earthquake

1995 Kerinci earthquake
epicenter.
epicenter.
1995 Kerinci earthquake (Sumatra)
UTC time1995-10-06 18:09:45
ISC event74638
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local dateOctober 7, 1995 (1995-10-07)
Local time1:09 WIB
Magnitude6.7 Mw
6.9–7.0 Ms
Depth29.8 km[1]
Epicenter2°02′42″N 101°26′10″E / 2.045°N 101.436°E / 2.045; 101.436
FaultGreat Sumatran fault
TypeStrike-slip
Areas affectedSumatra, Indonesia
Max. intensityMMI VIII (Severe)[2]
LandslidesYes
AftershocksYes
Largest: mb  5.3[3]
Casualties84–100 dead,[4] 2,073 injured
Map of the Great Sumatran fault with labelled segments

The 1995 Kerinci earthquake struck near Sungai Penuh in Jambi Province on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. It earthquake occurred at 01:18 WIB (UTC +7) local time on October 7.[5] The earthquake measured 6.7 Mw on the moment magnitude scale,[1] and 6.9–7.0 Ms on the surface-wave magnitude scale. Between 84 and possibly even 100 people were killed in the earthquake.[6] An extimated 4,000 buildings collapsed or were seriously damaged while a further 5,000 suffered some damage.[7]

Earthquake

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The earthquake was associated with shallow strike-slip faulting along the Great Sumatran fault, instead of thrust mechanism associated with the Sunda Megathrust to the west coast.[8][9] It ruptured the Siulak segment of the fault which was also involved in a magnitude 7.3 earthquake in 1909.[10] This segment of the fault had been quiet for an unusually long period prior to the 1995 earthquake.[9]

Impact

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The damage occurred mainly in the valley linear to the Great Sumatran fault. Serious damage was reported north of Lake Kerinci.[11] The earthquake triggered large landslides around the valley, burying many residents. The Associated Press reported that at least 100 people had been killed as a result of the earthquake.[12] An additional 773 people sustained serious injuries while 1,300 others were minor.[7] There were earlier reports that suggested in the village of Kematan in Jambi Province lost 15 residents.[13]

A total of more than 17,600 buildings were affected, 4,000 of them were destroyed or seriously damaged, leaving 65,000 people homeless.[14] Rescue and recovery efforts were disrupted by the inaccessibility of the area, as well as damaged roads and wet weather conditions.[13]

The earthquake was also reportedly felt in Singapore, where it caused some panic and drove many residents out of their homes. Despite the 470 km distance from the epicenter, the quake rattled lamps and furnitures in tall apartment buildings.[13]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b ISC-OB Event 899872 [IRIS].
  2. ^ "Katalog Gempabumi Signifikan Dan Dirasakan". Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  3. ^ "M 5.3 – Southern Sumatra, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  4. ^ "Indonesia: Sumatera, Jambi Province". National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  5. ^ "M 6.8 – Southern Sumatra, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 2021-08-11. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  6. ^ "Death Toll in Massive Sumatra Quake May Rise". Padang, Indonesia: CNN. 7 October 1995. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  7. ^ a b "Indonesia – Earthquake Information Report No.2". ReliefWeb. 8 October 1995. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  8. ^ Nanang T. Puspito and Indra Gunawan (2005). "Tsunami Sources in the Sumatra Region, Indonesia and Simulation of the 26 December 2004 Aceh Tsunami" (PDF). ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology. 42 (4): 111–125.
  9. ^ a b Sigit Sukmono; M. T. Zen; L. Hendrajaya; W. G. A. Kadir; D. Santoso; J. Dubois (1997). "Fractal Pattern of the Sumatra Fault Seismicity and Its Possible Application to Earthquake Prediction". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 87 (6): 1685–1690. Bibcode:1997BuSSA..87.1685S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.889.8705. doi:10.1785/BSSA0870061685. S2CID 131621200.
  10. ^ Nobuo Hurukawa; Biana Rahayu Wulandari; Minoru Kasahara (2014). "Earthquake History of the Sumatran Fault, Indonesia, Since 1892, Derived from Relocation of Large Earthquakes". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 104 (4): 1750–1762. Bibcode:2014BuSSA.104.1750H. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.855.946. doi:10.1785/0120130201.
  11. ^ Kerry Sieh; Danny Natawidjaja (2000). "Neotectonics of the Sumatran Fault, Indonesia" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 105 (B12): 28295–28326. Bibcode:2000JGR...10528295S. doi:10.1029/2000JB900120. hdl:10356/95544. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  12. ^ FADYL, GHAFUR (October 7, 1995). "At Least 100 Killed as Earthquake Hits Indonesia's Sumatra Island". Associated Press News. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  13. ^ a b c Ghafur Fadyl (7 October 1995). "Massive Earthquake Hits Sumatra, Many Lives Lost Hospitals Overwhelmed By Dead And Injured". The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  14. ^ "M 6.8 – 5 Km ENE of Sungai Penuh, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 11 August 2021.