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Attention inequality

This article is about attention inequality created by users of the internet. For attention inequality created by media, see Media bias.

Attention inequality is the inequality of distribution of attention across users on social networks,[1] people in general,[2] and for scientific papers.[3][4] Yun Family Foundation introduced "Attention Inequality Coefficient" as a measure of inequality in attention and arguments it by the close interconnection with wealth inequality.[5]

Relationship to economic inequality

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Attention inequality is related to economic inequality since attention is an economically scarce good.[2][6] Same measures and concepts as in classical economy can be applied for attention economy. The relationship develops also beyond the conceptual level—considering the AIDA process, attention is the prerequisite for real monetary income on the Internet.[7] On data of 2018,[8] a significant relationship between likes and comments on Facebook to donations is proven for non-profit organizations.

Extent

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As data of 2008 shows, 50% of the attention is concentrated on approximately 0.2% of all hostnames, and 80% on 5% of hostnames.[6] The Gini coefficient of attention distribution lay in 2008 at over 0.921 for such commercial domains names as ac.jp and at 0.985 for .org-domains.

The Gini coefficient was measured on Twitter in 2016 for the number of followers as 0.9412, for the number of mentions as 0.9133, and for the number of retweets as 0.9034. For comparison, the world's income Gini coefficient was 0.68 in 2005 and 0.904 in 2018. More than 96% of all followers, 93% of the retweets, and 93% of all mentions are owned by 20% of Twitter.[1]

Causes

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At least for scientific papers, today's consensus states that inequality is unexplainable by variations of quality and individual talent.[9][10][11] The Matthew effect plays a significant role in the emergence of attention inequality—those who already enjoy large amounts of attention get even more attention, and those who do not lose even more.[12][13] Ranking algorithms based on relevance to the user have been found to alleviate the inequality of the number of posts across topics.[7]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Zhu, Linhong; Lerman, Kristina (26 January 2016). "Attention Inequality in Social Media". arXiv:1601.07200 [cs.SI].
  2. ^ a b "A New Wealth Gap is Growing—Attention Inequality". Worth. 12 November 2019.
  3. ^ Allison, Paul D. (29 June 2016). "Inequality and Scientific Productivity". Social Studies of Science. 10 (2): 163–179. doi:10.1177/030631278001000203. S2CID 145125194.
  4. ^ Parolo, Pietro Della Briotta; Pan, Raj Kumar; Ghosh, Rumi; Huberman, Bernardo A.; Kaski, Kimmo; Fortunato, Santo (October 2015). "Attention decay in science". Journal of Informetrics. 9 (4): 734–745. arXiv:1503.01881. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2015.07.006. S2CID 10949754.
  5. ^ GmbH, finanzen net. "The Yun Family Foundation Introduces 'Attention Inequality Coefficient' as a Measure of Attention Inequality in the Attention Economy | Markets Insider". markets.businessinsider.com.
  6. ^ a b McCurley, Kevin S. (2008). "Income Inequality in the Attention Economy" (PDF). Google Reaserch.
  7. ^ a b Li, Guangrui(Kayla); Mithas, Sunil; Zhang, Zhixing; Tam, Kar Yan (2019). "How does Algorithmic Filtering Influence Attention Inequality on Social Media?". AIS ELibrary.
  8. ^ Farzan, Rosta; López, Claudia (2018). "Assessing Competition for Social Media Attention Among Non-profits". Social Informatics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 11185. Springer International Publishing. pp. 196–211. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01129-1_12. ISBN 978-3-030-01128-4.
  9. ^ Adler, Moshe (1985). "Stardom and Talent". The American Economic Review. 75 (1): 208–212. ISSN 0002-8282. JSTOR 1812714.
  10. ^ Salganik, M. J. (10 February 2006). "Experimental Study of Inequality and Unpredictability in an Artificial Cultural Market". Science. 311 (5762): 854–856. Bibcode:2006Sci...311..854S. doi:10.1126/science.1121066. PMID 16469928. S2CID 7310490.
  11. ^ Larivière, Vincent; Gingras, Yves (2010). "The impact factor's Matthew Effect: A natural experiment in bibliometrics". Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 61 (2): 424–427. arXiv:0908.3177.
  12. ^ Zhu, Linhong; Lerman, Kristina (2016-01-26). "Attention Inequality in Social Media". arXiv:1601.07200 [cs.SI].
  13. ^ Tagiew, Rustam (13 July 2020). "Roadmap to Algocracy - A Feasibility Study". SSRN 3650010.
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