| Beaucarnea | |
|---|---|
| |
| Beaucarnea pliabilis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Subfamily: | Nolinoideae |
| Genus: | Beaucarnea Lem.[1] |
| Type species | |
| Beaucarnea recurvata | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Beaucarnea is a genus of flowering plants native to Mexico and Central America.[1] In the APG III classification system, it is placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Nolinoideae (formerly the family Ruscaceae[3]). Beaucarnea is sometimes treated as a synonym of the genus Nolina, with the species being then transferred to that genus. However, recent research shows that Beaucarnea should be treated as an independent genus.[4]
The species are small tropical xerophytic trees growing to 6–10 m tall, with a trunk 20–40 cm diameter with a flared base; young plants are single-stemmed, branching only after flowering. The leaves are evergreen, linear, strap-shaped, 0.5-1.8 m long and 1.5–2 cm broad, leathery in texture, with a finely serrated margin. The flowers are produced only on old trees, forming on large panicles 75–110 cm long, the individual flowers numerous but very small (1.5 mm diameter), greenish-white, with six tepals.
Calibanus
[edit]The now defunct genus Calibanus was first formally described in 1906 by Joseph Nelson Rose,[5] with Calibanus including two species. More recent research using molecular (phylogenetic) and morphological findings demonstrated that both former Calibanus species were closely related to Beaucarnea species, leading to both former Calibanus species being transferred to the genus Beaucarnea.[6][7]
The affected species are:
- Beaucarnea glassiana (L.Hern. & Zamudio) V.Rojas-Piña; formally Calibanus glassianus L.Hern. & Zamudio
- Beaucarnea hookeri (Lem.) Trel.; formerly Calibanus hookeri (Lem.) Trel.[6][7]
Species
[edit]Plants of the World Online accepts the following species:[1]
| Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
| Beaucarnea compacta L.Hern. & Zamudio | Guanajuato | |
| Beaucarnea glassiana (L.Hern. & Zamudio) V.Rojas-Piña | Guanajuato | |
 |
Beaucarnea goldmanii Rose | Chiapas, Guatemala, El Salvador |
 |
Beaucarnea gracilis Lem. | Puebla, Oaxaca |
 |
Beaucarnea guatemalensis Rose | Guatemala, Nicaragua |
 |
Beaucarnea hiriartiae L.Hern. | Guerrero |
 |
Beaucarnea hookeri (Lem.) Baker | San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo |
| Beaucarnea olsonii V. Rojas & L.O. Alvarado[8] | Puebla, Oaxaca | |
 |
Beaucarnea pliabilis (Baker) Rose | Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatán, Guatemala, Belize |
| Beaucarnea purpusii Rose | Puebla, Oaxaca | |
 |
Beaucarnea recurvata (K. Koch & Fintelm.) Lem. | Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz |
| Beaucarnea sanctomariana L.Hern. | Oaxaca | |
 |
Beaucarnea stricta (K.Koch & Fintelm.) Lem. | Oaxaca |
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d "Beaucarnea". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
- ^ Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009), "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 132–136, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x
- ^ Rojas-Piña, Vanessa; Olson, Mark E.; Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O.; Eguiarte, Luis E. (2014-12-22). "Molecular phylogenetics and morphology of Beaucarnea (Ruscaceae) as distinct from Nolina, and the submersion of Calibanus into Beaucarnea". Taxon. 63 (6): 1193–1211. doi:10.12705/636.31.
- ^ "Calibanus Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 90 (1906)". International Plant Names Index www.ipni.org. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ a b Rojas-Piña, Vanessa; Olson, Mark E.; Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O.; Eguiarte, Luis E. (December 2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and morphology of Beaucarnea (Ruscaceae) as distinct from Nolina, and the submersion of Calibanus into Beaucarnea". Taxon. 63 (6): 1193–1211. doi:10.12705/636.31. ISSN 0040-0262.
- ^ a b "Calibanus Rose | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ Rojas-Piña, Vanessa; Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O. (2016-11-25). "Beaucarnea olsonii (Ruscaceae), a new species of ponytail palm from southwestern Puebla, Mexico". Phytotaxa. 286 (1): 13. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.286.1.2. ISSN 1179-3163.