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Benjamin Minge Duggar

Benjamin Minge Duggar
Born1 September 1872 Edit this on Wikidata
Died10 September 1956 Edit this on Wikidata (aged 84)
Alma mater
OccupationPhytopathologist Edit this on Wikidata
Employer

Benjamin Minge Duggar (September 1, 1872 – September 10, 1956) was an American plant physiologist.[1][2]: 72  Surprisingly, he is best remembered for his contribution to another discipline, through his discovery in 1945 of chlortetracycline (Aureomycin), the first of the tetracycline antibiotics, from a soil bacterium growing in allotment soil.[3]

Biography

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Benjamin Minge Duggar was born at Gallion, Hale County, Alabama on September 1, 1872. He studied at several Southern schools, including the University of Alabama (1887-1889), Mississippi A & M College (B.S., 1891), and Alabama Polytechnic Institute (M.S., 1892); at Harvard and Cornell (Ph.D., 1898) and in Europe.[4]

As a specialist in botany, he held various positions in experiment stations and colleges until 1901, when he was appointed physiologist in the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. He was professor of botany at the University of Missouri from 1902 to 1907 and spent a sabbatical at institutions in Germany, Italy, and France (1905-1906).[4]

From 1907 to 1912 Duggar held the chair of plant physiology at Cornell University. In 1912 he became a research professor of plant physiology at Washington University, working with the Missouri Botanical Garden in St. Louis. From 1917 to 1919, he was acting professor of biological chemistry at the Washington University School of Medicine. In 1927 he left Washington University to become professor of botany at the University of Wisconsin.[4]

Duggar published many articles and books on a wide range of topics including mycology, mushroom growing, and plant physiology and pathology.[5][6] He wrote extensively on plant diseases including Ravenelia, Rhizoctonia,[5] cotton root rot disease, crown gall, and particularly tobacco mosaic virus.[4] His comprehensive American textbook on plant pathology Fungous Diseases of Plants (1909') became a standard text on the topic.[5][7] It was followed by the textbook Plant Physiology (1911)[5][8]

After becoming an Emeritus Professor, he continued to carry out research. One project was with Lederle Laboratories, part of American Cyanamid, looking for a treatment for malaria based on a species of Rhododendron which he found at the New York Botanical Gardens. Another project resulted in the discovery of Streptomyces aureus n. sp. a fungus producing a strong antibiotic. As a result of his work on chlortetracycline (Aureomycin), the first of the tetracycline antibiotics, he personally met with both the Pope and the Mikado of Japan.[4]

Duggar was vice president of the Botanical Society of America in 1912 and 1914 and president in 1923. He also served as president of the American Society of Plant Physiologists in 1947.[4]

Duggar died on September 10, 1956, in New Haven, Connecticut.[5][9]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Keitt, G. W. (1957). "Benjamin Minge Duggar: 1872-1956". Mycologia. 49 (3): 434–438. doi:10.1080/00275514.1957.12024660. JSTOR 3755695.
  2. ^ Humphrey, Harry Baker (1961). Makers of North American Botany. Ronald Press. ISBN 978-0-471-06810-5.
  3. ^ Malik, Neelima Anil (30 September 2012). Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. JP Medical Ltd. ISBN 978-93-5025-938-2.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Walker, J C (1982). "Pioneer Leaders in Plant Pathology: Benjamin Minge Duggar". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 20: 33–39. doi:10.1146/annurev.py.20.090182.000341.
  5. ^ a b c d e Walker, L. C. (1958). "Benjamin Minge Duggar 1872—1956". Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (PDF). pp. 113–131.
  6. ^ Duggar, Benjamin M. (1915). Mushroom growing. Orange Judd company; etc., etc.
  7. ^ Duggar, Benjamin Minge (1909). Fungous diseases of plants. Ginn and company.
  8. ^ Duggar, Benjamin M. (1920). Plant physiology, with special reference to plant production. Rural text-book series, ed. By L. H. Bailey. The Macmillan company.
  9. ^ Backus, E. J. (1957). "Benjamin Minge Duggar". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 84 (4): 308–310. JSTOR 2482675.