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Christianity in Albania began when Christians arrived in Illyria soon after the time of Jesus, with a bishop being appointed in Dyrrhachium (Epidamnus) in 58 AD.[2]
When the Roman Empire was divided in 395 AD, modern Albania became part of the Byzantine Empire, but was under the jurisdiction of the Roman pope until 732, when Emperor Leo III placed the church under the patriarch of Constantinople.[2] When the Christian church split in 1054, the south of the country stayed with Constantinople while the north followed Rome.[3]
From 1100 AD, the Roman Empire carried out Church missions in the area. In relation to the increasing influence of Venice, the Franciscans started to settle down in the area in the 13th century. From the 15th century to the 19th century, under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Christianity was replaced by Islam as the majority religion in Albania.[4]
Demographics
[edit]Census in 2011
[edit]The 2011 population census, gives the percentages of religious affiliations with 58% Muslim, 10% Catholic, 7% Orthodox and 25% atheist, nonreligious or other since the fall of Communism in 1991.[5] However the 2011 census is disputed due to poor counting of the population and the inability to reach most citizens.[6] A 2015 study estimated some 13,000 conversions to Christianity from Muslim backgrounds.[7]
Census in 2023
[edit]According to the 2023 census, there were 1,101,718 (45.86%) Muslims, 201,530 (8.38%) Catholics, 173,645 (7.22%) Eastern Orthodox, 115,644 (4.81%) Bektashi Muslims, 9,658 (0.4%) Evangelicals, 3 670 (0.15%) of other religions, 332,155 (13.82%) believers without denomination, 85,311 (3.55%) Atheists and 378,782 (15.76%) did not provide an answer.[8]
Eastern Orthodoxy
[edit]According to the numbers given by the government in 2010 it was stated that Eastern Orthodoxy was practiced by about 20% of Albanians within Albania.[6] In the disputed 2011 census the percentage of Orthodox believers was listed as 6.75% of the population.[5] Albania is historically linked with both the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodoxy. Albanians were among the first peoples of the region to receive missionaries and convert to Christianity. With the split of the Church in 1054, Orthodoxy become the religion for the Albanians inhabiting the areas under the Byzantine rule.
The first Orthodox liturgy in the Albanian language was held not in Albania, but in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts. Subsequently, when the Orthodox Church was not allowed an official existence in communist Albania, Albanian Orthodoxy survived in exile in Philadelphia with the church in Philadelphia being founded in 1913 and in Boston in 1965.
Catholic Church
[edit]
The Catholic Church in Albania is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. According to the numbers given by the government in 2011 it was stated that around 10.03% of the religious population is Catholic.[6] The Albanian census in 2023 note that 8% of Albanians are Catholic.
There are five dioceses in the country, including two archdioceses plus an Apostolic Administration covering southern Albania.
Prior to the Ottoman invasion, Christianity was the religion of all Albanians. The northern Albanians adhered to Catholicism, whilst in the south they were followers of Eastern Orthodoxy.[9]
Protestantism
[edit]Figures in 2022 note that 0.45% of the population are Protestant.[10] This is about 13,000 people. Many Protestant denominations come under the umbrella organisation, the Albanian Evangelical Alliance (VUSH).[11][12]
Freedom of Religion
[edit]In 2022, Albania scored 4 out of 4 for religious freedom.[13]
See also
[edit]- Religion in Albania
- Eastern Orthodoxy in Albania
- Catholic Church in Albania
- Protestantism in Albania
Further reading
[edit]- Tönnes, Bernhard. "Albania." In The Encyclopedia of Christianity, edited by Erwin Fahlbusch and Geoffrey William Bromiley, 35–36. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1999. ISBN 0802824137
- Malaj, Edmond (2014). "Të dhëna mbi Krishterimin në trojet iliro-shqiptare para dhe pas Ediktit të Milanos (313). Me përqendrim tek martirologjia (Data on the Christianity in the Illyrian-Albanian Territories before and after the Edict of Milan 313. With a Concentration on the Martyrology.)". Studime Historike. 3–4. Instituti i Historisë (Qendra e Studimeve Albanologjike).
References
[edit]- ^ Pew Forum, Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050
- ^ a b Britannica website, History of Albania
- ^ Encyclopedia.com website, Albania, The Catholic Church In
- ^ United States Conference of Catholic Bishops website, Albania's History, article dated 2004
- ^ a b Albanian census 2011 Archived 14 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c Albanian Government. "L'Albania oggi" (in Italian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Albania. Archived from the original on 10 May 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- ^ Miller, Duane; Johnstone, Patrick (2015). "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census". IJRR. 11: 15. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
- ^ "Population and Housing Census 2023" (PDF). Instituti i Statistikës (INSTAT).
- ^ Ramet, Sabrina P. (1989). Religion and Nationalism in Soviet and East European Politics. Duke University Press. p. 381. ISBN 0-8223-0891-6.
Prior to the Turkish conquest, the ghegs (the chief tribal group in northern Albania) had found in Roman Catholicism a means of resisting the Slavs, and though Albanian Orthodoxy remained important among the tosks (the chief tribal group in southern Albania),...
- ^ The Archive of Religion Data Archives website, Retrieved 2023-07-18
- ^ Operation World website, Retrieved 2023-07-18
- ^ VUSH official website
- ^ Freedom House website, Retrieved 202-07-18
External links
[edit]- Llukani, Andrea (2010). Krishterimi ne Shqiperi. Trifon Xhagjika. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
- "Religious Freedom Page". 30 May 2013. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
- "L'albania oggi". 10 May 2008. Archived from the original on 10 May 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2018.