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Conisbrough Viaduct

Conisbrough Viaduct
A long viaduct in the distance, with trees in the foreground
Conisbrough Viaduct looking eastwards
Coordinates53°29′17″N 1°12′36″W / 53.488°N 1.210°W / 53.488; -1.210
OS grid referenceSK524993
CarriesPublic path
CrossesRiver Don
LocaleConisbrough, South Yorkshire, England
Characteristics
MaterialRed brick
Trough constructionBlue brick
Pier constructionSteel
Total length1,527 feet (465 m)
Height113–116 feet (34–35 m)[note 1]
No. of spans22 (21 arches)
Rail characteristics
No. of tracks1
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
History
Fabrication byGates & Hogg
Construction start1906
Construction end1909
Construction cost£4,919 (1906)
Opened17 March 1909
Closed31 July 1966
Statistics
Daily trafficHeavy rail
Listed Building – Grade II
Designated1 July 2021
Reference no.1475175
Location
Map

Conisbrough Viaduct is a former railway viaduct, near to Cadeby and Conisbrough in South Yorkshire, England. The viaduct consists of two sections of brick and stone on each bank, connected by a lattice girder section, some 113–116 feet (34–35 m) over the River Don. The height and space were required should shipping need to navigate along the river. The viaduct carried the Dearne Valley Railway over the River Don between 1909 and 1966, after closure it was converted into a foot and cycle path. The structure is grade II listed, and is notable for being one of the first bridges in Britain to be built using a rope system above the viaduct known as a "Blondin".

The viaduct was 4.5 miles (7.2 km) west of Edlington Halt, and 17 miles (27 km) south of Crofton Junction.

History

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The viaduct connected the Dearne Valley Railway and its associated collieries with Black Carr and Doncaster in the south. The Act of Parliament was approved in 1897.[1] The railway opened in stages, from 1902 onwards, with the final section of trackwork being completed in October 1908,[2] although the viaduct took longer, and was finished in March 1909.[3] The full length of the line was 22 miles (35 km), with the viaduct being 1-mile (1.6 km) west of Edlington Halt, and 17 miles (27 km) south of Crofton Junction (the northern end).[4] A passenger service operated as far as Edlington Halt on the south bank of the River Don between June 1912 and September 1951.[5] Although the viaduct was built to carry two standard gauge lines, only one was laid across the structure which swapped sides along the viaduct, putting "an unusual kink" in the running line.[3]

The viaduct consists of 21 brick arches, each measuring 55 feet (17 m) in width, and a single span of Warren truss lattice girder work of 150 feet (46 m) which straddles the River Don.[6][7] There are 14 arches on the western side (also known as the "Cadeby Bank"), and seven on the eastern side (also known as the "Conisbrough Bank"), which differ between 40 feet (12 m) to 150 feet (46 m) in height.[8][9][10] The viaduct is 1,527 feet (465 m) long, and made with over 12 million bricks, standing some 113–116 feet (34–35 m) above the river; which led to one reviewer to describe the viaduct as a "truly Goliath structure".[11][12][13] Each pier is tapered at the bottom, with the foundations sunk into grey shale in the ground. Subsidence was avoided by the contractors purchasing the minerals rights to the land underneath the viaduct, so the coal measures in the vicinity were never worked.[11] Double buttresses with projecting bedstones, were built at either end of the lattice span to help support it.[10]

The viaduct was constructed using an aerial ropeway suspended over the course of the works. The ropeway, known as a "Blondin", was held up by a tower at each end at a height of 80 feet (24 m), being 1,875 feet (572 m) in length, and at its lowest point, it was 150 feet (46 m) above ground level.[9][14] The section of track including the viaducts' construction, was the responsibility of Gates & Hogg.[15] Timber used in the construction of the supporting frame, came from those used in the building of the High Level Bridge in Newcastle. After Conisbrough Viaduct was built the timbers, and the Blondin, were re-used for the construction of Leighton Reservoir in North Yorkshire.[11][16]

The viaduct was built at 150 feet (46 m) above the river in case Sheffield was to be turned into an inland port. The experiences of building the Manchester Ship Canal led to a review of bridge building over waterways at the turn of the 20th century.[6] The main brick used on the viaduct was red brick, but Staffordshire blue bricks were used to face the bridge.[17][18] The central lattice girder span was engineered by John Butler at the Stanningley ironworks near Leeds.[19] The tender for building the viaduct was awarded in 1906 and cost £4,919 (equivalent to £676,000 in 2023).[20]

Closure and re-use

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The passenger service across the viaduct was withdrawn in September 1951 but the line over the viaduct remained open for freight until 1966.[21] Whilst the collieries that the line served were still open, subsidence at the viaduct prompted its abandonment, and a new junction was built at the northern end of the line to allow traffic to operate from the northern end only.[22] In April 1985, the disused viaduct was transferred to the British Railways Board (Residuary), and in 2010, Sustrans tarmacked the viaduct as part of the route becoming a long-distance walking and cycling path.[23] The presence of dwarf elder trees in the brickwork led to the possibility of the viaduct being demolished in the 1980s.[8]

In 2015, the viaduct was the setting for a murder scene in the TV series DCI Banks.[24]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Sources differ on the actual height above the river.

References

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  1. ^ Grant, Donald J. (2017). Directory of the railway companies of Great Britain. Kibworth Beauchamp: Matador. p. 141. ISBN 978-1785893-537.
  2. ^ Goode 1986, p. 9.
  3. ^ a b Goode 1986, p. 21.
  4. ^ Goode 1986, pp. 42–43.
  5. ^ Burgess, Neil (2014). The lost railways of Yorkshire's West Riding : Barnsley, Doncaster, Sheffield and the south. Catrine, Ayrshire: Stenlake. p. 14. ISBN 9781840336566.
  6. ^ a b Batty 1991, p. 64.
  7. ^ Suggitt, Gordon (2007). Lost railways of South & West Yorkshire. Newbury: Countryside Books. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-84674-043-5.
  8. ^ a b Reeve, Elizabeth (2015). River Don. Stroud: Amberley. p. 61. ISBN 978-1445638683.
  9. ^ a b "Nostalgia on Tuesday: Golden age of rail". The Yorkshire Post. 2 October 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  10. ^ a b Historic England. "Conisbrough Viaduct (Grade II) (1475175)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  11. ^ a b c Goode 1986, p. 20.
  12. ^ Young, Alan (2015). Lost stations of Yorkshire. Kettering: Silver Link. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-85794-438-9.
  13. ^ Biddle, Gordon (30 April 2024). Britain's Historic Railway Buildings: A Gazetteer of Structures (second ed.). Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan. p. 474. ISBN 9780711034914.
  14. ^ "Conisbrough Viaduct". www.forgottenrelics.co.uk. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  15. ^ Goode 1986, p. 15.
  16. ^ Bowtell, Harold D. (1991). Lesser railways of the Yorkshire Dales : and the dam builders in the Age of Steam. Brighton: Plateway Press. p. 35. ISBN 1-871980-09-7.
  17. ^ "Conisbrough Viaduct". www.conisbroughheritage.com. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  18. ^ "New South Yorkshire Railways – Features of The Dearne Valley Line". thurnscoe.dearnevalleyhistory.org.u. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  19. ^ Bayliss, Derek, ed. (1995). Industrial archaeology of South Yorkshire. Telford: Association for Industrial Archaeology. p. 67. ISBN 0950844896.
  20. ^ Goode 1986, pp. 10, 15.
  21. ^ Tuffrey, Peter (2011). South Yorkshire railway stations : Adwick-le-Street to Wortley. Stroud: Amberley. p. 50. ISBN 978-1445601229.
  22. ^ Batty 1991, p. 115.
  23. ^ Savage, Andrew John (May 2012). "The Railway Heritage Trust's work with listed structures in the UK". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering History and Heritage. 165 (2): 65, 71. doi:10.1680/ehah.10.00020.
  24. ^ "Tompkinson's back on the case as DCI Banks: small screen". Western Mail. 20 February 2015. p. 31. ISSN 0307-5214.

Sources

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