Corona has a multicultural population with a Latino majority, and is the site of historic African-American and Italian-American communities. After World War II, the majority of the neighborhood's residents were mostly Italian, German, Irish and of other European ancestries. Corona also has a significant Chinese population.[5]
The area was originally known as West Flushing, but various theories have arisen for its etymology. One theory is that it was renamed by music producer Benjamin W. Hitchcock, a developer who renamed the area in 1872 and sold off land for residential development.[7] Another theory is that real estate developer Thomas Waite Howard, who became the first postmaster in 1872,[8] petitioned to have the post office name changed to Corona in 1870, suggesting that it was the "crown of Queens County".[9] A third theory is that the name Corona derives from the crown used as an emblem by the Crown Building Company, which is said to have developed the area. The Italian immigrants who moved into the new housing stock referred to the neighborhood by the Italian or Spanish word for "crown", or corona.
Corona was a late-19th-century residential development in the northeastern corner of the old Town of Newtown. Real estate speculators from New York started the community in 1854, the same year that the New York and Flushing Railroad began service to the area largely to serve a newly opened race course. It was at the Fashion Race Course in 1858 that the first games of baseball to charge admission took place.[7] The games, which took place between the All Stars of Brooklyn and the All Stars of New York, are commonly believed to be the first all-star baseball games and in essence the birthplace of professional baseball. A trophy baseball from this tournament sold in 2005 for nearly $500,000.[10][11]
During the second half of the 1940s through the 1960s, many legendary African-American musicians, civil rights leaders and athletes moved to the neighborhood.[7] In the last half of the 20th century, Corona saw dramatic ethnic successions. In the 1950s, what was predominantly an Italian-American and African-American neighborhood began to give way to an influx of Dominicans. In the late 1990s, Corona saw a new wave of immigrants from Latin America. The area north of Roosevelt Avenue contained the heart of the historic African-American community. The intersection of 108th Street and Corona Avenue is the historic center of the Italian-American community, sometimes referred to as Corona Heights. The majority Hispanic community now consists of Dominicans, Colombians, Ecuadorians, Salvadorans, Guatemalans, Bolivians, Peruvians, Mexicans, Venezuelans, and Chileans. There are also Asian Americans (Chinese, Indians, Koreans, Filipinos, and Japanese) as well as Italian Americans and African Americans.[citation needed]
Dorie Miller Residential Cooperative, built in 1952, comprises six buildings, containing 300 apartments, with 1,300 rooms in total. The cooperative is named after Doris "Dorie" Miller, a U.S. Naval hero at Pearl Harbor and the first African-American recipient of the Navy Cross.[12] Among its original residents were jazz greats Nat Adderley & Jimmy Heath; Kenneth and Corien Drew, publishers of Queens' first African-American newspaper, The Corona East Elmhurst News, Thelma E. Harris founder of Aburi Press and prominent Queens Judge Henry A. Slaughter. Corona was also the childhood home of Marie Maynard Daly, the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry.
The Lemon Ice King of Corona, an ices shop, is located at 52nd Avenue, Corona Avenue, and 108th Street. Founded in 1944 by Peter Benfaremo, it is a neighborhood point of interest.[14][15][16] The shop attracts international tourists due to having been featured in the opening credits of the TV show The King of Queens.[15]
Corona used to have three kettle ponds. One of them, Linden Pond, was located a block south of 103rd Street–Corona Plaza station and was the centerpiece of Park of the Americas, located near the original center of Corona.[17]: 142 The pond had become a public health hazard by the early 20th century,[18] and was renovated in 1912;[19] it was removed altogether when the park was renovated in 1947.[17]: 142 [20] The second was Shady Lake, located at what is now the intersection of 53rd Avenue, Corona Avenue, and 108th Street. The pond, originally used to harvest ice, was drained in the 20th century;[17]: 143 the Lemon Ice King of Corona and William F. Moore Park are now located near the site.[21] A third, Backus Lake at 98th Street and 31st Avenue, was also considered a nuisance by the 1900s,[22][23] and was drained in 1917.[24]
Corona Plaza, located at Roosevelt Avenue and National Street, was previously an underutilized lot and truck route that was transformed over the course of several years into a pedestrian plaza for community programming and inclusive living. In the latter half of the 20th century, the area that is now Corona Plaza was a lot that connected the street to a row of mainly immigrant-owned businesses. The neighborhood of Corona had an overflow of immigrants who struggled to find employment which exacerbated illegal trading, much of which would occur through the use of trucks that could park in this unofficial lot. By the early 21st century, Corona Plaza was gradually given more attention and became a community space for the ethnically diverse population of Corona.[25]
In 2005, the nearby Queens Museum began applying for permits to temporarily close off the streets that allowed vehicle access to the plaza and hosted public events (typically art based) that the residents of the community could attend.[26] Seeing the lot's future potential, the Queens Museum partnered with the Queens Economic Development Corporation (QEDC) to develop plans to reuse the space.[25] The partners saw this as an opportunity for grassroots, art-led engagement that would unite residents. The two groups' individual intentions both contributed to the creation of the permanent plaza: the QEDC supports developing local businesses while the Queens Museum creates a stronger presence in the neighborhood for its arts programs,[25]
The space was first transformed in 2012 as a temporary plaza with chairs and tables that prohibited through traffic. It was later made permanent by the Department of Design and Construction, which filled in the lot with concrete, added built-in seating and a performance space, new pedestrian lighting, and plants to reinforce the liveliness. Later added was a drinking fountain, WalkNYC wayfinding signs, bike racks to serve commuters, an automatic pay toilet, and more furniture.[27] Maintenance and technical assistance (including daily cleaning) services for the plaza are funded by the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT),[28] which has also partnered with the Queens Museum to bring programming to the newly transformed space. The plaza was fully implemented in early 2018 at a cost of around $5.6 million.[28] Corona Plaza is recognized by urban planning circles as a project that has created a new community space.
According to the 2010 census, the total population of Corona was about 110,000.[29] Corona’s population is overwhelmingly Hispanic; all other demographic groups (Asian, non-Hispanic black, and non-Hispanic white) form a significantly smaller share than they do for the borough as a whole.[30]
Corona is divided into two neighborhood tabulation areas, Corona (south of Roosevelt Avenue) and North Corona (north of Roosevelt Avenue), which collectively comprise the population of the greater neighborhood.[31]
Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Corona south of Roosevelt Avenue was 57,658, a change of 5,576 (9.7%) from the 52,082 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 462.74 acres (187.26 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 124.6 inhabitants per acre (79,700/sq mi; 30,800/km2).[4]
The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 8.4% (4,851) White, 13.6% (7,845) Black, 0.2% (130) Native American, 12.7% (7,346) Asian, 0% (9) Pacific Islander, 0.5% (280) from other races, and 1.3% (723) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 63.3% (36,474) of the population.[3]
The entirety of Community Board 4, which comprises Corona and Elmhurst, had 135,972 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 85.4 years.[32]: 2, 20 This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[33]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [34] Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 17% are between the ages of 0–17, 39% between 25 and 44, and 24% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 8% and 12%, respectively.[32]: 2
As of 2017, the median household income in Community Board 4 was $51,992.[35] In 2018, an estimated 27% of Corona and Elmhurst residents lived in poverty, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in fourteen residents (7%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 62% in Corona and Elmhurst, higher than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51%, respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018[update], Corona and Elmhurst are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.[32]: 7
As according to the 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning, Corona had 51,500 Hispanic residents, there were between 10,000 and 19,999 Asian residents, and 5,000 to 9,000 Black residents, meanwhile the White residents were less than 5000.[36][37]
Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of North Corona was 52,037, a change of 4,881 (9.4%) from the 47,156 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 413.24 acres (167.23 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 125.9 inhabitants per acre (80,600/sq mi; 31,100/km2).[4]
The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 1.8% (929) White, 4.9% (2,566) African American, 0.1% (67) Native American, 6.9% (3,597) Asian, 0% (5) Pacific Islander, 0.7% (351) from other races, and 0.5% (259) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 85.1% (44,263) of the population.[3]
The 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning showed North Corona having between 30,000 and 39,999 Hispanic residents, meanwhile each the White, Black, and Asian residents were all each less than 5,000 residents.[38][37]
Corona is patrolled by the 110th and 115th Precincts of the New York City Police Department (NYPD), located at 94-41 43rd Avenue and 92-15 Northern Boulevard, respectively.[6] The 110th Precinct ranked 15th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.[39] As of 2018[update], with a non-fatal assault rate of 34 per 100,000 people, Corona's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 227 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.[32]: 8
The 110th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 83.2% between 1990 and 2020. The precinct reported four murders, 29 rapes, 270 robberies, 359 felony assaults, 196 burglaries, 485 grand larcenies, and 138 grand larcenies auto in 2020.[40]
As of 2018[update], preterm births are less common in Corona and Elmhurst than in other places citywide, but births to teenage mothers are more common. In Corona and Elmhurst, there were 83 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 25.8 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[32]: 11 Corona and Elmhurst have a high population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 25%, which is higher than the citywide rate of 12%.[32]: 14
The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Corona and Elmhurst is 0.0077 milligrams per cubic metre (7.7×10−9 oz/cu ft), slightly higher than the city average.[32]: 9 Fifteen percent of Corona and Elmhurst residents are smokers, which is equal to the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[32]: 13 In Corona and Elmhurst, 20% of residents are obese, 9% are diabetic, and 23% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 20%, 14%, and 24%, respectively.[32]: 16 In addition, 24% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[32]: 12
Eighty-eight percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is about the same as the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 68% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", lower than the city's average of 78%.[32]: 13 For every supermarket in Corona and Elmhurst, there are 16 bodegas.[32]: 10
In 2020, the neighborhoods of Corona, East Elmhurst, Elmhurst, and Jackson Heights were most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.[45] As of August 10[update], these communities, with a cumulative 303,494 residents, had recorded 12,954 COVID-19 cases and 1,178 deaths.[46] COVID-19 cases in ZIP Codes 11368 and 11369 were the highest of any ZIP Code in New York City.[47]
Corona is covered by ZIP Code 11368.[48] The United States Post Office operates two post offices in Corona: the Corona A Station at 103-28 Roosevelt Avenue[49] and the Elmhurst Station at 59-01 Junction Boulevard.[50]
There are many churches representing diverse denominations. Antioch Baptist Church at 103rd Street and Northern Boulevard is a prominent African American congregation dating to 1936 with a membership of 700.[51] Saint Leo Catholic Church, established in 1903 in what was once Sycamore Avenue and Elm Street, is a Roman Catholic church located at 104 Street and 49th Avenue in South Corona.[52] In North Corona there is Our Lady of Sorrows Roman Catholic Church at 104th Street and 37th Avenue was built in 1899 largely out of red brick with a nearby convent of the same period.[53] Today it conducts most of its masses in Spanish[54] and attracts large weekend crowds. On January 4, 2015, the church burned;[55] it was rebuilt in 2016.[56] The Congregation Tifereth Israel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.[13]
Corona and Elmhurst generally have a lower ratio of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018[update]. While 28% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 30% have less than a high school education and 42% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 39% of Queens residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher.[32]: 6 The percentage of Corona and Elmhurst students excelling in math rose from 36% in 2000 to 66% in 2011, and reading achievement rose from 42% to 49% during the same time period.[57]
Corona and Elmhurst's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is less than the rest of New York City. In Corona and Elmhurst, 11% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, lower than the citywide average of 20%.[33]: 24 (PDF p. 55) [32]: 6 Additionally, 81% of high school students in Corona and Elmhurst graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.[32]: 6
Corona also houses one of the most extensive collections of African-American art and literature in the Langston Hughes Community Library and Cultural Center, which serves Queens with reference and circulating collections, totaling approximately 30,000 volumes of materials written about or relating to black culture. The Black Heritage Reference Center of Queens County includes books, periodicals, theses and dissertations, VHS videos, cassettes and CDs, photographs, posters, prints, paintings, and sculpture. Cultural arts programs are scheduled through the center. Meeting space is available to community organizations by application. Special features of the Center include:[69]
The Schomburg Clippings File, an extensive microfiche collection of periodicals, magazine clippings, typescripts, broadsides, pamphlets, programs, book reviews, menus and ephemera of all kinds.
The UMI Thesis and Dissertation Collection consists of more than 1,000 volumes of doctoral and master dissertations concerning the African and African-American diasporas.
The Adele Cohen Music Collection contains most of America's foremost black publications on microfilm. The papers cover 15 states beginning in 1893, and are updated each year with current issues.
The Black Heritage Video Collection documents the history and culture of Africans and African-Americans on tape, and in all subject areas including literature, biography, social science, fine arts.
Bob Moses (1935–2021), a legendary figure in the civil rights movement of the 1960s, and later founder of the Algebra Project, lived at 108-63 Ditmars Boulevard in Corona
Donna Murphy (born 1959), actress and singer, born in Corona
Martin Scorsese (born 1942), American film director, screenwriter, producer, actor, and film historian who spent part of his childhood in Corona before moving to Little Italy, Manhattan[89]
Books about Corona's history and present include Roger Sanjek's The Future of Us All and Steven Gregory's Black Corona.
Chapter 6 of Andrew Morton's biography Madonna describes American pop singer Madonna's brief stint as a Corona resident in the late 1970s and early '80s.
^The Catholic Church in the United States of America: Undertaken to Celebrate the Golden Jubilee of His Holiness, Pope Pius X, Vol. III. New York: The Catholic Editing Company, 1914.
^ abcdeBerman, Eleanor. "The jazz of Queens encompasses music royalty"Archived July 20, 2006, at archive.today, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 1, 2006. Accessed October 1, 2009. "Mr. Knight shows the brick building that was the studio of Dizzie Gillespie, where other Corona residents like Cannonball Adderley used to come and jam....When the trolley tour proceeds, Mr. Knight points out the nearby Dorie Miller Houses, a co-op apartment complex in Corona where Clark Terry and Cannonball and Nat Adderley lived and where saxophonist Jimmy Heath still resides."
^Holloway, Lynette. "House of Satch Gets New Gig"Archived March 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, February 10, 1996. Accessed October 1, 2009. "The Armstrongs embraced Corona, selected partly because of its proximity to other jazz musicians who lived nearby, including Dizzy Gillespie, Jimmy Heath said Phoebe Jacobs, executive vice president of the Louis Armstrong Educational Foundation."
^Honan, Katie. "Group Tries to Save Harold and the Purple Crayon Author's Home"Archived December 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, DNAinfo.com, November 1, 2017. Accessed December 9, 2017. "Long before he illustrated Harold and the Purple Crayon in 1955, David Johnson Leisk, known as Crockett Johnson, lived with his family at 104-11 39th Ave. in Corona in the early 1900s, according to the Corona-East Elmhurst Historical Preservation Society (CEEHPS.)"
^Kool G Rap, Will C., 2008, Road to the Riches Remaster Liner Notes, p. 4.
^Ciccone, Christopher; and Leigh, Wendy. "Life with My Sister Madonna", p. 56. Simon & Schuster, 2008. ISBN1-4165-8762-4. Accessed October 1, 2009. "By the time we get to town, en route to Connecticut, Madonna is living in Corona, Queens, in a synagogue that has been converted into a studio, and playing drums in her boyfriend Dan Gilroy's band, the Breakfast Club."
^Colangelo, Lisa L. "Queens Borough President Helen Marshall leaves office with a legacy of libraries and schools"Archived December 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, New York Daily News, December 27, 2013. Accessed December 9, 2017. " One week after Hurricane Sandy spread its devastation through Rockaway, Queens Borough President Helen Marshall visited one of the high-rise buildings where residents had been struggling to live without power. People gathered in the lobby asked her to help them get toiletries and hot food. One unhinged man screamed obscenities at her, while other residents cringed. 'That's okay—I can handle it,' Marshall told them. 'I'm from Corona.'"
^O'Keeffe, Michael. "Mets' Minaya a Ground Breaker"Archived March 26, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Daily News (New York), May 27, 1999. Accessed October 11, 2009. "Minaya was born in the Dominican Republic, raised in Corona, Queens, by parents who spoke only Spanish."
^Rose, Naeisha. "Determination brings new juice bar to Jamaica"Archived December 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, TimesLedger, September 19, 2017. Accessed December 9, 2017. "Five months after being let go, a segment on CNN featuring Corona rapper Styles P opening a juice bar in Westchester inspired Kelly to turn her love of juicing into a business."
^Ratliff, Ben. "Lessons From the Dean of the School of Improv"Archived December 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, May 3, 2012. Accessed December 9, 2017. "I recently spoke with the 83-year-old improvising pianist Cecil Taylor for about five hours over two days.... Raised in Corona, Queens, he started out as a Harlem jam-session musician in the early 1950s and talks with intense loyalty about a line of particularly New York-identified piano players: Fats Waller, Teddy Wilson, Thelonious Monk, Mary Lou Williams, Mal Waldron, John Hicks."
^Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848–1933)Archived December 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed December 9, 2017. "By late 1892 or early 1893, Tiffany built a glasshouse in Corona, Queens, New York, and, with Arthur Nash, a skilled glassworker from Stourbridge, England, his furnaces developed a method whereby different colors were blended together in the molten state, achieving subtle effects of shading and texture."
^Roberts, Sam. "The Cranky Spirit Of Archie Bunker Haunts This House"Archived August 10, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, December 19, 1993. Accessed August 9, 2018. "Mr. Lear, who only occasionally passes through Queens on his way to or from the city's airports, wasn't much help in identifying Archie's old neighborhood, but Sean Dwyer, director of development at Mr. Lear's production company, Act III Communications, unequivocally ruled out Glendale, Ridgewood, Woodside, Maspeth, Astoria and several other candidates and pinpointed the likely locale as Corona. 'I talked to a schoolteacher and one of the writers, whose mother lives in Corona,' Mr. Dwyer said. 'It used to be white middle class. Now it's racially mixed: white, Jewish, black, Indian, Latinos. Number 704 Hauser Street is in Corona.'"