View text source at Wikipedia

County of Steinfurt

County of Steinfurt
Grafschaft Steinfurt
c. 1100–1806
Steinfurt Coat of Arms
Coat of arms
Map of the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle around 1560, County of Steinfurt highlighted in red
Map of the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle around 1560, County of Steinfurt highlighted in red
StatusCounty
CapitalSteinfurt
Common languagesGerman
Religion

(Majority from 1544)

TypeCounty
Historical eraMiddle Ages,
Early modern period
• Established
c. 1100
• Disestablished
1806
 Succeeded by
Berg (state)
Today part ofNorth Rhine-Westphalia

The County of Steinfurt (Grafschaft Steinfurt), originally the Lordship of Steinfurt, was a historic territory of the Holy Roman Empire in the Munsterland. It existed from roughly 1100 until 1806.

History

[edit]
Steinfurt Castle

The Lordship of Steinfurt developed around Steinfurt Castle, first mentioned in 1129 but destroyed in feuds several times over the centuries. The name was originally ‘Stenvorde,’ referencing a stone ford on the nearby river Aa. In 1357, the lords of Steinfurt became immediate Imperial Counts when they acquired the County of Laer. Still, in 1396, they had to recognize the Prince-Bishop of Munster as the sovereign over Steinfurt.

The House of Bentheim came into possession of the Lordship of Steinfurt through marriage in 1421. In 1454, the various Bentheim lands were separated, with Count Arnold I zu Bentheim-Steinfurt taking the Lordship of Steinfurt. In 1495, Steinfurt was raised to the status of an immediate Imperial County by Maximilian I, removing Munster as overlord. Like the County of Bentheim, Steinfurt belonged to the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle.

In 1544, Count Arnold II converted the county to Lutheranism, introducing the Augsburg Confession. Three years later, Munster questioned Steinfurt's imperial immediacy in the Imperial Chamber Court; the case would take hundreds of years. Count Arnold IV invited Lutheran preachers to his lands, including Steinfurt, to help correctly convert the people to Protestantism. He established an academy in Steinfurt for teaching theology, law, philosophy, and medicine in 1590. In 1606, he died, leading to another splitting of the Bentheim lands.

In 1660, Munster invaded again, taking control of Steinfurt. In 1688, Count Ernst Wilhelm converted back to Catholicism and expelled the Protestant preachers. This status lasted until 1701, when his son, also named Count Ernst, converted back to Lutheranism.

In 1806, with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, the county was absorbed by the Grand Duchy of Berg over the protestations of the Bentheim-Steinfurt family, then led by Count Louis William Geldricus Ernest. In 1810, the county became part of France, although they were driven out by the Prussians following the Battle of Leipzig in 1813. In 1815, following the Congress of Vienna, Steinfurt became part of the Kingdom of Prussia. Count Louis and his descendants were recognised as mediatised princes.

Today, it is part of North Rhine-Westphalia. The castle itself is still owned by the princes of Bentheim-Steinfurt.

Counts of Bentheim-Steinfurt (1454–1806)

[edit]

(Mediatised) Princes of Bentheim and Steinfurt (1866–)

[edit]
1645 map of the counties of Bentheim and Steinfurt

Bibliography

[edit]

Primary sources

Secondary sources

[edit]