| Craugastoridae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Craugastor longirostris | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Clade: | Brachycephaloidea |
| Family: | Craugastoridae Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 |
| Genera | |
|
See text | |
Craugastoridae, commonly known as fleshbelly frogs, is a family of New World direct-developing frogs. As delineated here, following the Amphibian Species of the World, it contains 129 species. They are found from the southern United States southwards to Central and South America.[1]
Taxonomy
[edit]The taxon was created by Stephen Blair Hedges, William Edward Duellman and Matthew P. Heinicke in 2008.[2] The taxonomy of these frogs is not yet settled,[3][4] and other sources may treat the subfamily Strabomantinae as a family, Strabomantidae,[4][5][6] with correspondingly smaller Craugastoridae.[4][7][8] The family was rearranged in 2014,[9] and more recently in 2021.[10]
Life history
[edit]With the possible exception of Craugastor laticeps that may be ovoviviparous,[11] craugastorid frogs have direct development: no free-living tadpole stage is known; instead, eggs develop directly into small froglets.[2]
Genera
[edit]Two genera are recognised in the family Craugastoridae:[1]
- Craugastor Cope, 1862 (126 species)
- Haddadus Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 (three species)
Taxa formerly in Craugastoridae
[edit]The following two taxa were formerly placed in Craugastoridae, but are now incerta sedis within the superfamily Brachycephaloidea, awaiting more data to resolve their position:[9]
- Atopophrynus Lynch and Ruiz-Carranza, 1982 (monotypic)[12]
- Geobatrachus Ruthven, 1915 (monotypic)[13]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2008). "Craugastoridae Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke". Amphibian Species of the World, an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
- ^ a b Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P (2008). "New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1737: 1–182. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1737.1.1.
- ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Higher taxonomy and progress". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
- ^ a b c Blackburn, D.C. & Wake, D.B. (2011). "Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 39–55. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8.
- ^ "Strabomantidae Hedges, Duellman and Heinicke, 2008". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ "Strabomantidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
- ^ "Craugastoridae Hedges, Duellman and Heinicke, 2008". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ "Craugastoridae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
- ^ a b Padial, J. M.; Grant, T. & Frost, D. R. (2014). "Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria". Zootaxa. 3825: 1–132. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3825.1.1. PMID 24989881.
- ^ Motta, A. P.; P. P. G. Taucce; C. F. B. Haddad; C. Canedo (2021). "A new terraranan genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with comments on the systematics of Brachycephaloidea (Amphibia: Anura)". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 59 (3): 663–679. doi:10.1111/jzs.12452. S2CID 234058664. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
- ^ McCranie, J.R.; M.H. Wake & L. Valdés Orellana (2013). "Craugastor laticeps. Possible ovoviviparity". Herpetological Review. 44 (4): 653–654.
- ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Atopophrynus Lynch and Ruiz-Carranza, 1982". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Geobatrachus Ruthven, 1915". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
