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Democratic Republican Party (South Korea)

Democratic Republican Party
민주공화당
民主共和黨
LeaderPark Chung Hee
Founded2 February 1963 (1963-02-02)
Dissolved17 October 1980 (1980-10-17)
Split fromLiberal Party
Succeeded byDemocratic Justice Party
Korean National Party
HeadquartersSeoul
Ideology
Political positionFar-right[4][5]
Colours  Brown
Party flag
Democratic Republican Party
Hangul
민주공화당
Hanja
Revised RomanizationMinjugonghwadang
McCune–ReischauerMinjukonghwadang
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The Democratic Republican Party (Korean: 민주공화당; Hanja: 民主共和黨; RR: Minjugonghwadang; DRP) was a conservative, broadly corporatist[2] and nationalist[1] political party in South Korea, ruling from shortly after its formation on February 2, 1963[6] to its dissolution under Chun Doo-hwan in 1980.

History

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Under the control of Park Chung Hee, President of South Korea from his military coup d'état of 1961 until his assassination in 1979, the party oversaw a period of corporatism and developmentalism, known as the "Miracle of the Han River", where a predominantly poor and agrarian country was transformed into an industrial "tiger economy". The combination of state and corporate chaebol power pioneered by the party[7] continues to be deeply built into the foundations of the South Korean economic system.

Following the promulgation in October 1972 of the Yushin Constitution, which implemented numerous authoritarian centralizing measures such as the direct appointment of a third of the National Assembly by the President, the DRP assumed an unprecedented level of political power. For the next eight years, South Korea was essentially a one-party state ruled by the DRP.

After Park's assassination on 26 October 1979 and the seizure of power by Chun Doo-hwan in the coup d'état of December Twelfth, the DRP was dissolved on 1 September 1980, and nominally superseded by the Korean National Party. However, leadership of the state was assumed by the Democratic Justice Party, formed in January 1981, which is seen as the spiritual successor of the DRP in terms of its constitutional vision and mimicking of Park's leadership style. Through evolution, the Grand National Party is seen by many as the modern heir to the DRP, though the policies advocated by South Korean conservatives have changed significantly since South Korea's democratization in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Election results

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President

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Election Candidate Votes % Result
1963 Park Chung Hee 4,702,640 46.65 Elected
1967 5,688,666 51.44 Elected
1971 6,342,828 53.2 Elected
1972 2,357 100 Elected
1978 2,578 Elected

Legislature

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Election Leader Votes % Seats Position Status
Constituency Party list Total +/–
1963 Park Chung Hee 3,112,985 33.48
88 / 131
22 / 44
110 / 175
 new 1st Government
1967 5,494,922 50.62
102 / 131
27 / 44
129 / 175
 Increase 19 Government
1971 5,460,581 48.77
86 / 153
27 / 51
113 / 204
 Decrease 16 Government
1973 4,251,754 38.68
73 / 146
 Decrease 40 Government
1978 4,695,995 31.7
68 / 154
 Decrease 5 Government

References

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  1. ^ a b c Kohli, A. (2004). State-Directed Development: Political Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 92.
  2. ^ a b Kim, B. K. & Vogel, E. F. (eds.) (2011). The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea. Harvard University Press. p. 125.
  3. ^ 커뮤니케이션 관점으로 본 포퓰리즘의 등장과 대의 민주주의 위기
  4. ^ 서중석 (2005). 이 승만 의 정치 이데올로기. 역사비평사. ISBN 9788976968029.
  5. ^ "韓國과國際政治". 1995.
  6. ^ Youngmi Kim, The Politics of Coalition in Korea (Taylor & Francis, 2011) p. 22.
  7. ^ Kohli, p. 27.