Driggs-Schroeder was the name of several naval guns designed by US Navy officers William H. Driggs and Seaton Schroeder for the United States Navy in the late 1880s, fitted on ships built in the 1890s. Some Driggs-Schroeder weapons were also adopted by the US Army.
These guns were initially produced by the William Cramp & Sons shipbuilding company,[1] than a separate Drigg-Schroeder Ordnance Company was founded with Cramps' capital, which in 1896 was united with competing Hotchkiss Gun Company based in Rhode Island and the American Projectile Company from Massachusets into American Ordnance Company headed by General Albert C. Ordway.[2] Driggs later founded the Driggs-Seabury Ordnance Company in 1897, in partnership with his brother Louis Labadie "L. L." Driggs[3] and Samuel Seabury, a retired US Navy officer.[4]
Driggs-Schroeder weapons included 1-pounder,[5] 3-pounder (Navy Marks 2 and 3),[6][7] and 6-pounder (Navy Marks 6 and 8)[8][9] naval guns.[10] All were rapid-firing, i.e. they used brass cartridges with fixed projectiles. They were among numerous models of these guns equipped on US Navy ships of the 1890s. Unlike some other manufacturers, Driggs-Schroeder did not design fully automatic 1-pounder and 3-pounder guns. Most Driggs-Schroeder weapons were manufactured by the American Ordnance Company in Bridgeport, Connecticut,[11] with some manufactured by Driggs Ordnance Company.[12][13][14][15]
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Some of the ships equipped with Driggs-Schroeder guns included USS Texas (1892), USS Maine (ACR-1), USS Olympia (C-6), USS New York (ACR-2), and USS Brooklyn (ACR-3). Olympia is preserved with her Driggs-Schroeder 6-pounders intact at the Independence Seaport Museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Driggs-Schroeder designed a "limited recoil" carriage for the US Army's 3.2-inch gun M1890, along with a 3.2-inch field gun based on that weapon with a different breech.[16] These were perhaps the same gun and/or carriage later prototyped by Driggs-Seabury; neither was adopted by the US Army.[17][18][19]
A 12-pounder gun on a limited recoil carriage for naval landing forces was submitted to the US Army Ordnance Department in fiscal year 1895; it was not adopted.[17][20]
An Army 4-inch/40 caliber Driggs-Schroeder rapid-fire gun also existed,[21] probably the same as one of several Navy guns of this type. Only four were emplaced by the Army in coast defense mountings; two at Fort Washington, Maryland 1899–1921 and two at Fort Warren, Massachusetts 1899–1925.[22][23][24] Driggs-Schroeder designed 6-pounders designated Marks II and III for the Army;[8] they possibly corresponded to the Navy Marks 6 and 8.[25] Some of these weapons were deployed at coastal artillery forts for land defense. These included experimental quantities on "parapet mounts", wheeled carriages with fittings that allowed them to be secured to pintle mounts set in concrete. A dozen were deployed at Fort Ruger in Hawaii as part of the Land Defense Project of 1915, along with some in the Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays, Philippines.[26]
References
[edit]- ^ "Database of USA Gunmakers". www.earmi.it. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
- ^ "Image 16 of The journal (New York [N.Y.]), March 21, 1896". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
- ^ Court of Appeals of the State of New York (1922). calendar no. 47. New York: The Hecla Press. p. 8.
- ^ Patent assigned by William Hale Driggs in 1906 to Driggs-Seabury Ordnance Corp.
- ^ American Ordnance, pp. 35–37
- ^ American Ordnance, pp. 36–37
- ^ Campbell, p. 147
- ^ a b American Ordnance, pp. 37–39
- ^ Campbell, p. 147
- ^ Lohrer, George L. Ordnance Supply Manual, U. S. Ordnance Dept., Washington: Government Printing Office 1904, p. 282
- ^ American Ordnance, frontispiece
- ^ Executive Documents of the House of Representatives, 1889–90, Washington: Government Printing Office, pp. 440-441
- ^ DiGiulian, Tony US 1-pounder guns Mks 1-15
- ^ DiGiulian, Tony US 3-pounder guns Mks 1-12
- ^ DiGiulian, Tony US 6-pounder guns Mks 1-13
- ^ American Ordnance, pp. 42, 49–52
- ^ a b Ordnance Corps, US Army (1896). Annual Report of the Chief of Ordnance, Field Material section. Washington: Government Printing Office. p. 53.
- ^ "Blueprint for a Driggs-Schroeder 3.2-inch gun from Winchester Repeating Arms Company, at the Buffalo Bill Center of the West". Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-28.
- ^ Scientific American, Vol. 79, Issue 6, article on the 3.2-inch Driggs-Seabury field gun
- ^ American Ordnance, pp. 39–42, 49–52
- ^ American Ordnance, pp. 42–44
- ^ Berhow, pp. 84–85
- ^ DiGiulian, Tony US 4"/40 guns Mks 1-6
- ^ Lohrer, pp. 259–262
- ^ Lohrer, pp. 282–295
- ^ Berhow, pp. 188–189, 217
- Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2004). American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide (Second ed.). CDSG Press. ISBN 0-9748167-0-1.
- Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War Two. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-459-4.
- American Ordnance Company (1896). The Driggs-Schroeder System of rapid-fire guns, 2nd edition. Baltimore, MD: The Deutsch Lithographing and Printing Company.
- Munsey's Magazine Volume XXVI, October 1901 to March 1902, p. 880. Article paragraph covered the Driggs-Schroeder 6-pounders carried on USS Olympia, USS Brooklyn, and USS New York.