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Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante

EMB 110 Bandeirante
An EMB 110 with the Brazilian Air Force
General information
TypeTurboprop regional airliner
National originBrazil
ManufacturerEmbraer
StatusIn limited commercial service, in active military service
Primary usersBrazilian Air Force
Number built503[1][unreliable source?]
History
Manufactured1968–1990
Introduction date16 April 1973
First flight26 October 1968

The Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante (English: pioneer[2]) is a Brazilian twin-turboprop light transport aircraft designed by Embraer for military and civil use.

The EMB 110 was designed by the French engineer Max Holste; it had been designed in line with specifications issued by the Brazilian Ministry of Aeronautics in 1965.[3] The goal was to create a general purpose aircraft, suitable for both civilian and military roles with a low operational cost and high reliability. On 26 October 1968, the YV-95 prototype performed its maiden flight; an additional two EMB 110 development aircraft would follow along with an initial order for 80 transport aircraft for the Brazilian Air Force in the following year. Type certification was received from the Brazilian aviation authorities in late 1972, permitting its entry to service in April 1973 with the Brazilian airline company Transbrasil.

Various customers in both the military and civilian sectors opted to procure the EMB 110 during its 22-year production run. Over one hundred examples would serve with the Brazilian Air Force, who would modernise numerous examples during the twenty-first century to permit their continued operation. The EMB 110, being customisable to suit various roles and operator requirements, was adapted for various specialist roles, including aerial observation, maritime patrol, and search and rescue missions. During the 1970s, Embraer opted to design an enlarged derivative of the EMB 110, designated as the EMB 120 Brasilia; being faster, outfitted with a pressurized cabin, and able to accommodate up to 30 passengers, Embraer opted to concentrate its resources on the new aircraft. As a result, production of the EMB 110 was terminated during 1990.

Design and development

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Background

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YC-95 first prototype (EMB-100) in Aerospace Museum, Rio de Janeiro

The origins of the EMB 110 Bandeirante can be traced back to the issuing of a directive by the Brazilian Ministry of Aeronautics in 1965; this called for the production of a transport aircraft for both civilian and military operations that would be reliable and possess low operating costs.[citation needed] It was to be equipped with turboprop engines, a low-mounted wing, and have sufficient capacity to accommodate eight personnel; these stipulations had been drawn from a study of Brazilian commercial air traffic, and aimed to produce an aircraft that would be well suited to the existing airport infrastructure of the country at that time. The resulting specification that had been generated under the IPD-6504 programme would greatly shape the future aircraft.[3][2]

Early work on what would become the EMB 110 actually predates the establishment of its manufacturer, Embraer, which was founded in August 1969.[citation needed] The lead designer was the French engineer Max Holste.[3] Construction of the prototype was supervised by the Brazilian aeronautical engineer Ozires Silva, who would also play a key role in founding and running of Embraer. The company was created to undertake the aircraft's commercialisation and serial production.[4]

EMB 110A cockpit
EMB 110 cabin, operated by Air Rarotonga

On 26 October 1968, the first prototype, carrying the military designation YC-95, performed its maiden flight from São José dos Campos Airport.[5] Piloted by José Mariotto Ferreira and accompanied by flight engineer Michel Cury, it landed after roughly 50 minutes. Prior to this point, a total of 110,000 project hours had been worked, producing 12,000 manufacturing drawings, supported by 22,000 hours of structural and aerodynamic calculations; an estimated 282,000 hours of aircraft manufacturing and tooling has also been expended.[4] The prototype was officially presented before various civil and military officials along with members of the press at an event held four days later, during which its maiden flight was repeated.[4] The positive performance of the prototype led to production of the aircraft, and thus the establishment of Embraer, being approved in mid-1969; the newly created company would assume responsibility for its production on 2 January 1970.[2]

Redesign and quantity production

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EMB 110 Bandeirante prototype at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro, São Jose dos Campos

An additional pair of prototypes were constructed, which were designated EMB 100.[6] On 19 October 1969, the second prototype performed its first flight, while the third prototype followed on 29 June 1970. While these prototypes yielded positive test results, it was recognised that market conditions had shifted to the point where an eight-seat aircraft appeared to be less viable than it had previously appeared; thus, it was decided to quickly redesign the EMB 100 into the EMB 110 Bandeirante, which featured several technological advances along with greater capacity.[2]

In May 1970, the programme was bolstered by the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) deciding to issue Embraer with an initial order for 80 production aircraft.[2] Near the end of 1972, the Bandeirante received its Brazilian airworthiness certificate.[7] On 9 February 1973, the first delivery was made to FAB.[7][8]

In a typical configuration, the EMB 110 seated between 15 and 21 passengers, and was flown by a pair of pilots.[citation needed] Various configurations and customisations were possible in order to suit customers' diverse requirements and operating conditions. The EMB 110P1A/41 model, which was furnished with seats for 18 passengers, had a length of 15.1 metres (50 ft), a height of 4.92 metres (16.1 ft), and a wingspan of 15.33 metres (50.3 ft).[9] It has a maximum cruising speed of 411 km/h (222 kn), while its more economical cruising speed was 341 km/h (184 kn), at which speed an effective range of 1,964 km (1,060 nmi) can be achieved even while retaining reserve fuels for another 45 minutes of flight. The EMB 110 has a service ceiling of 21,500 feet (6,600 m).[9]

During the 1970s, Embraer opted to build on the success of the EMB 110 by designing an enlarged derivative of the aircraft, designated as the EMB 120 Brasilia; beyond being large enough to accommodate up to 30 passengers, it was also faster and furnished with a pressurized cabin.[citation needed] All further development of the EMB 110 was halted by Embraer during the 1980s in order to concentrate its resources on the further development and production of the newer EMB 120 instead.

Operational history

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EMB 110 registration G-TABS, operated by Skydrift, loading through the large cargo door.

Between 1968 and 1990, Embraer constructed a total of 494 aircraft in numerous configurations for a variety of roles. The passenger model first flew on 9 August 1972 and entered commercial service on 16 April 1973 with the now defunct Brazilian airline company Transbrasil. On 8 July 1985, the first aircraft to be operated by the Irish budget airline Ryanair in 1985 was 15-seat EMB 110; the airline continued to operate the type up until 1989.[citation needed] By October 2018, 50 years after its first flight and 498 deliveries, about 150 EMB 110s were still operating at airlines, air taxis, government entities, and air forces around the world.[10] Production of the type came to an end in 1990, the EMB 110 having been superseded by the Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia, a derived successor.

Embraer EMB-111 patrol aircraft
EMB-110P1 air ambulance, operated by the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) on regular routes and schedules from 1979 to 1982

During February 1973, deliveries of the type commenced to the Brazilian Air Force.[7] A pair of EMB 111A Patrulha maritime patrol aircraft were leased to the Argentine Navy during the Falklands War, acting as a stop-gap measure between the retirement of the service's last Lockheed SP-2H Neptune and the introduction of modified Lockheed L-188 Electras.[11] On 15 December 2010, the Brazilian Air Force flew its first upgraded EMB 110, which had been equipped with modern avionics equipment. Designated as C/P-95, the aircraft has had several new systems installed by Israeli firm Elbit Systems' Brazilian subsidiary, Aeroeletronica. At the time, the Brazilian Air Force had an active fleet of 96 EMB 110s.[12] In 2017, the Brazilian Air Force was reportedly operating 48 EMB 110s.[13]

Variants

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Operators

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Main article: List of Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante operators

In 2020, 39 Bandeirantes were still in airline service with 15 operators, 31 in North/South America, 1 in Africa and 7 in Asia Pacific & Middle East.[17] The main operators are:

Specifications (EMB 110P1A/41)

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A Bandeirante with its PT6A engine uncovered

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89[9]

General characteristics

3,393 kg (7,480 lb) empty equipped - cargo

Performance

1.8833 m/s (6 ft/s) on single engine

Incidents and accidents

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See also

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Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ "Embraer EMB-110 production list". howmany.travel.
  2. ^ a b c d e "EMB 100 Bandeirante". Embraer. Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. The moniker was symbolically loaded, harking back to the idea of the Bandeirantes (trailblazers) as pioneers of national integration.
  3. ^ a b c Air International April 1978, pp. 163–164.
  4. ^ a b c "Embraer celebrates 50 years of the Bandeirante". businessairnews.com. 5 November 2018.
  5. ^ Air International April 1978, p. 164.
  6. ^ "EMB 100 Bandeirante". Embraer Historical Center. Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  7. ^ a b c Air International April 1978, p. 165.
  8. ^ "EMB 110 Bandeirante". Embraer Historical Center. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  9. ^ a b c Taylor 198, pp. 10–12
  10. ^ Trautvetter, Chad (26 October 2018). "Embraer's Bandeirante Marks Golden Jubilee of Flight". AIN online. Archived from the original on 27 October 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  11. ^ "PDF book: Historia de la Aviación Naval Argentina" (in Spanish). trackerenmalvinas.com.ar. Archived from the original on 17 May 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2009.
  12. ^ a b Hoyle, Craig (15 December 2010). "PICTURES: Brazil flies first upgraded EMB-110 Bandeirante". Flightglobal.
  13. ^ "World air forces". Flight Global. 2017. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Air International April 1978, p. 170.
  15. ^ "Bandeirulha" is a nickname – portmanteau of the names "Bandeirante" and "Patrulha" (Patrol).
  16. ^ Lambert 1991, p. 10.
  17. ^ "World Airliner Census". Flight Global. 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  18. ^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  19. ^ "Accident description PP-SBE". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  20. ^ Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "O primeiro Bandeirante". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 294–301. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
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  25. ^ "Accident description CX-BJE/T584". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
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  27. ^ "Accident description PT-SBB". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  28. ^ Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Compensador automático". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 308–312. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  29. ^ "Accident description PT-GLB". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
  30. ^ "Report No: 6/1983. Report on the accident to Embraer Bandeirante, G-OAIR at Hatton near Pcterhead, Scotland on 6 November 1982" (PDF). AAIB. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  31. ^ "Accident description PP-SBH". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
  32. ^ Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Três é demais". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 332–334. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  33. ^ "Accident description PT-GJZ". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  34. ^ "Accident description PT-GKL". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  35. ^ Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Roleta russa". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 335–337. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
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  63. ^ Accident: LeAir E110 at Nassau
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Bibliography

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