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Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden

For the first margrave of Baden of this name, see Frederick I, Margrave of Baden.

Frederick I
Grand Duke of Baden
Reign23 January 1858 – 28 September 1907
PredecessorLouis II
SuccessorFrederick II
Born(1826-09-09)9 September 1826
Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden, German Confederation
Died28 September 1907(1907-09-28) (aged 81)
Mainau, Grand Duchy of Baden, German Empire
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1856)​
Issue
Detail
Names
Frederick William Louis
HouseZähringen
FatherLeopold, Grand Duke of Baden
MotherPrincess Sophie of Sweden
ReligionLutheranism
SignatureFrederick I's signature

Frederick I (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig; 9 September 1826 – 28 September 1907) was the Grand Duke of Baden from 1858 to 1907.

Life

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Frederick was born in Karlsruhe, Baden, on 9 September 1826. He was the third son of Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden and Princess Sophie of Sweden. He became the heir presumptive to the grand duchy upon the death of his father in 1852[1] and the accession of his brother as Grand Duke Louis II. Due to his brother's mental ill-health, he was regent ad interim of Baden in 1852–1855, and took the title of grand duke in 1856. His brother, Louis II, died in 1858. He was considered a relatively liberal supporter of a constitutional monarchy. During his reign the option of civil marriages was introduced in Baden as well as direct elections to the Lower House of the Parliament of Baden in 1904.[2]

In 1856, Frederick married Princess Louise, daughter of Prince Wilhelm of Prussia and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.[2] The couple had three children.

Frederick I had a pivotal role in the history of Zionism. In 1896 he met Theodor Herzl (the founder of political Zionism) via their mutual acquaintance the reverend William Hechler, and helped Herzl in obtaining an audience with his nephew Wilhelm II, German Emperor. After some persuasion on the part of the grand duke, the emperor accepted the appeal for an audience. It took place in Palestine on 2 November 1898, during the emperor's visit to inaugurate the Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem.

Frederick I was present at the proclamation of the German Empire at Versailles in 1871,[2] as he was the only son-in-law of Prussian King Wilhelm I and one of the reigning sovereigns of Germany. He loudly shouted, "His Majesty, Emperor Wilhelm!" He died at his summer residence at the island of Mainau in southern Germany on 28 September 1907. Today, Mainau is owned by the Lennart Bernadotte Foundation, created by Frederick's great-grandson Count Lennart Bernadotte, (1909–2004).

Issue

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Honours

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German honours[3]
Foreign honours[3]

Ancestry

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ The Statesman's year-book. Harvard University. 1868. pp. 201–202. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  2. ^ a b c Engehausen, Frank (2012). "Herrscher im liberalen Musterland" [Ruler in a Liberal Model Country]. Damals (in German). Vol. 44, no. 7. pp. 64–69.
  3. ^ a b Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1902), "Großherzogliches Haus", pp. 26–27
  4. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch ... Baden (1850), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 31
  5. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch ... Baden (1850), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 38
  6. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch ... Baden (1850), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 73
  7. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch ... Baden (1880), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 70
  8. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtums Anhalt (1894), "Herzogliche Haus-Orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 17
  9. ^ a b c d e Justus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha 1907 (1907) page 13
  10. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern (1906), "Königliche Orden" p. 7
  11. ^ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1847), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 26
  12. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Hannover (1865), "Königliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" pp. 38, 78
  13. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 10
  14. ^ Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau (1866), "Herzogliche Orden" p. 9
  15. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Oldenburg (1869/70), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 28
  16. ^ a b "Königlich Preussische Ordensliste", Preussische Ordens-Liste (in German), 1, Berlin: 5, 934, 1886
  17. ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1855), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 11 Archived 5 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen (1867), "Königliche Ritter-Orden" p. 4
  19. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 27
  20. ^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ Ferdinand Veldekens (1858). Le livre d'or de l'ordre de Léopold et de la croix de fer. lelong. p. 175.
  22. ^ Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 463. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.
  23. ^ M. & B. Wattel (2009). Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 419. ISBN 978-2-35077-135-9.
  24. ^ Cibrario, Luigi (1869). Notizia storica del nobilissimo ordine supremo della santissima Annunziata. Sunto degli statuti, catalogo dei cavalieri (in Italian). Eredi Botta. p. 120. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  25. ^ 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 150.
  26. ^ Sovereign Ordonnance of 19 October 1869
  27. ^ Militaire Willems-Orde: Baden, Friedrich Grossherzog von (in Dutch)
  28. ^ "Ordinul Carol I" [Order of Carol I]. Familia Regală a României (in Romanian). Bucharest. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  29. ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1905, p. 440, retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org
  30. ^ Norges statskalender (in Norwegian), 1890, pp. 595–596, retrieved 14 June 2018 – via runeberg.org
  31. ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1905, p. 525, retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org
  32. ^ "Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1887, p. 153, retrieved 21 March 2019
  33. ^ "Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1887, p. 146, retrieved 21 March 2019
  34. ^ "The London Gazette, Issue: 27959 Page: 7015". The London Gazette. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden
Born: 9 September 1826 Died: 28 September 1907
German royalty
Preceded by Grand Duke of Baden
1856–1907 		Succeeded by