| Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich | |
|---|---|
 Photograph, 1880s | |
| Born | 26 April 1859 Tsarskoye Selo, Saint Petersburg Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | 28 January 1919 (aged 59) Petrograd, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic |
| House | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |
| Father | Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia |
| Mother | Princess Cecilie of Baden |
Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia (Russian: Великий князь Никола́й Миха́йлович; 26 April [O.S. 14 April] 1859 – 28 January 1919) was the eldest son of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia and a first cousin of Alexander III.
On 29 January 1919, Nicholas was moved to Peter and Paul Fortress in Petrograd, and in the early hours of the following day he was shot there by a firing squad, along with his brother, Grand Duke George Mikhailovich, and his cousins Grand Dukes Paul Alexandrovich and Dmitri Constantinovich.
According to historians Edvard Radzinsky, their executions had been ordered by Vladimir Lenin as retaliation for the recent summary executions of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg in Berlin, by Freikorps forces loyal to the Weimar Republic.[1]
His brother Sandro described him in his memoirs as "a dreamer, a poet, a historian of out-and-out republican tendencies, a disillusioned bachelor worshipping the memory of his only love, the Queen of a Scandinavian country."[2] This could refer to Queen Victoria of Sweden, Queen Louise of Denmark or Queen Maud of Norway.
Honours and awards
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Baden: Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1876[3]
Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown, 1876[4]
Kingdom of Prussia: Pour le Mérite (military), 19 November 1878[5]
Grand Duchy of Hesse: Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 10 March 1886[6]
France: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, December 1894[7]
Denmark: Knight of the Order of the Elephant, 18 November 1897[8]
Austria-Hungary: Decoration of Honour for Arts and Sciences, 1908[9]
Sweden: Knight of the Order of the Seraphim, 12 May 1908[10]
Ancestry
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Bibliography
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- Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia, Once a Grand Duke, Cassell, London, 1932.
- Chavchavadze, David, The Grand Dukes, Atlantic, 1989, ISBN 0-938311-11-5
- Cockfield, Jamie H. White Crow: The Life and Times of the Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich Romanov 1859–1919. Praeger, 2002, ISBN 0-275-97778-1
- George, Grand Duchess of Russia, A Romanov Diary, Atlantic International Publications, 1988. ISBN 0-938311-09-3
- Hall, Coryne, Little mother of Russia, Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc, 2001. ISBN 0-8419-1421-4
- King, Greg, Wilson, Penny, Gilded Prism, Eurohistory, 2006, ISBN 0-9771961-4-3
- Troyat, Henri, Tolstoy , Doubleday, 1967. ISBN 0-8021-3768-7
- Zeepvat, Charlotte, The Camera and the Tsars, Sutton Publishing, 2004, ISBN 0-7509-3049-7.
References
[edit]- ^ Edvard Radzinsky (1996), Stalin: The First In-Depth Biography Based on Explosive Documents from Russia's Secret Archive, Anchor Books. Page 158-159.
- ^ Mikhailovich Romanov, Grand Duke Alexander (1933). Always A Grand Duke. New York: Garden City. p. 88.
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1896), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 62
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1896), "Königliche Orden" p. 28
- ^ Lehmann, Gustaf (1913). Die Ritter des Ordens pour le mérite 1812–1913 [The Knights of the Order of the Pour le Mérite] (in German). Vol. 2. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn. p. 557.
- ^ "Ludewigs-orden", Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1914, p. 5 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ M. & B. Wattel. (2009). Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 517. ISBN 978-2-35077-135-9.
- ^ Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 468. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.
- ^ "Ritter-Orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1916, pp. 32
- ^ Svensk rikskalender (in Swedish), 1909, p. 613, retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org
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