View text source at Wikipedia

Hellenic Police

Hellenic Police
Ελληνική Αστυνομία
Elliniki Astynomia
AbbreviationΕΛΑΣ
Agency overview
Formed1 November 1984; 40 years ago (1984-11-01)
Preceding agencies
Jurisdictional structure
National agencyGreece
Operations jurisdictionGreece
Governing bodyGovernment of Greece
Constituting instrument
  • Law 1481/1-10-1984
General nature
Operational structure
Overseen byMinistry of Citizen Protection
HeadquartersAthens, Greece
Sworn members65,000
Agency executives
Website
www.astynomia.gr

The Hellenic Police (Greek: Ελληνική Αστυνομία, Ellinikí Astynomía, abbreviated ΕΛ.ΑΣ.) is the national police service and one of the three security forces of Greece. It is a large agency with responsibilities ranging from road traffic control to counter-terrorism. Police Lieutenant General Dimitrios Mallios[1] is Chief of the Hellenic Police. He replaced Lazaros Mavropoulos. The Hellenic Police force was established in 1984 under Law 1481/1-10-1984 (Government Gazette 152/A/8-10-1984) as the result of the fusion of the Gendarmerie (Χωροφυλακή, Chorofylakí, 1833–1984) and the Cities Police (Αστυνομία Πόλεων, Astynomía Póleon, 1921–1984) forces.[2]

According to Law 2800/2000, the Hellenic Police is a security organ whose primary aims are:

The Hellenic Police is constituted along central and regional lines. The force takes direction from the Minister for Citizen Protection.

Structure

[edit]

Overview

[edit]
Attica General Police Directorate (GADA).

The Hellenic Police force[3][4] is headed in a de jure sense by the Minister for Citizen Protection, however, although the Minister sets the general policy direction of Greece's stance towards law and order as a whole, the Chief of Police is the day-to-day head of the force. Underneath the Chief of Police is the Deputy Chief of the Hellenic Police whose role is largely advisory, though in the event of the Chief of Police being unable to assume his duties the Deputy Chief will take over as the interim head. Regular meetings are also held with the Council of Planning and Crisis Management who are drawn from the heads of the main divisions of the police force and raise relevant issues with the Chief of Police him/herself. The Deputy Chief oversees that Council. Underneath the Deputy Chief is the Head of Staff, who, in addition to acting as 'Principal' of the Police Academy, heads the Security Branch, the Order Branch, the Border Protection and Immigration Branch, Administrative Support and Human Resources Branch and Financial and Technical Support and Informatics Branch. Equal in rank are the General Inspectors of Southern and Northern Greece, who have under their jurisdiction the regional services of both these divisions. The Security and Order Branches are by far the most important, and include the General Policing Division, the Traffic Police Division, the Public Security Division, the State Security Division (a division protecting the state and its interests equivalent to the NSA in the US, which replaced the National Security Service after its abolishment in 1984), the Passports and Other Security Documents Division and the International Police Cooperation Division.

Regional jurisdiction

[edit]

Greece is divided into two sectors for policing, both headed by an Inspector General with the rank of Lieutenant General. These sectors both contain several regions, headed by Regional Directors, usually with the rank of Major General or sometimes with the rank of Brigadier General.

Southern Greece (Inspector General: Lt. Gen. Christos Bouloubasis)

Northern Greece (Inspector General: Lt. Gen. George Michalopoulos)

Note: While Thessaloniki is not considered a region from a geographical and administrative standpoint, the Thessaloniki General Police Directorate operates as a Regional General Directorate and is actually considered the Hellenic Police's "Northern Greece HQ".

Divisions and Services

[edit]
Greek police helicopter

The Hellenic Police force has several divisions and services under the authority of the Chief of Police, the Deputy Chief and the Head of Staff which work in conjunction with regional and other police sectors where necessary.[5] These divisions are usually headed by Major Generals and Brigadier Generals. These are as follows:

Overseen by the Chief of Police:

Overseen by the Deputy Chief:

Overseen by the Head of Staff:

Men of the Units for the Reinstatement of Order (MAT)

Other Specialized Police Units within Departments

Structure within a Regional Police Directorate

[edit]

Each of the 74 Regional Units of Greece has its own Police Directorate (Αστυνομική Διεύθυνση), headquartered in the capital city of said Unit.[28] These Directorates are led by Brigadier Generals or Police Directors and are in charge of the patrol as well as the investigation, suppression and prevention of crime in the area.

Under the command of the Directorate, there are at least 2 Subdivisions: a General Policing Subdivision and a Crime Detection and Suppression Subdivision (previously called Security Subdivision), each with its own subdivision director, usually with the rank of Police Director or Police Deputy Director.

The main duty of the General Policing Subdivision is patrolling the capital city of the Regional Unit and responding to emergency dispatch calls. Patrol Officers as well as Dispatch Officers, who operate the call center for "100" (Emergency Phone Number in Greece) belong in the "Immediate Action" ("Άμεση Δράση") Department within the subdivision. The motorcycle-mounted police units ΔΙ.ΑΣ. and ΖΗΤΑ belong in this department as well, while there are also foot patrol units in many areas.[29] "Immediate Action" officers may also support other units and help out in operations whenever necessary.

The General Policing Subdivision also oversees the Traffic Police Department(s) (except for Attica and Thessaloniki where independent Traffic Police Subdivisions operate), the Prisoner Transport - Courtroom Police Department the Tourist Police Department(s), the Airport Police Department (wherever that's applicable), as well as the newest "Domestic Violence" and "Community Policing" offices which aim to create safer neighborhoods and offer citizens a better sense of security inside their homes.

Smaller towns and villages which are located outside the city limits of the Regional Unit's capital, are patrolled by the officers of the local Precincts, similar to how Sheriffs' Departments patrol the unincorporated areas in the US. This used to be under the jurisdiction of the Hellenic Gendarmerie before its fusion with the Cities Police in 1984. Patrol Officers of local Precincts also perform duties of Traffic Policing.

This does not apply, however, to most of the 104 Precincts of Attica and the 10 Precincts of Thessaloniki which are located in the suburbs of these 2 large metropolitan areas, since patrol and traffic control is respectively handled by the "Immediate Action" ("Άμεση Δράση") Department and Traffic Police Department(s) which operate in those 2 Regions.

Duties which are common among all Precincts however, include a) keeping individuals in custody who were arrested by patrolling units in the area, as well as interrogating them and investigating their cases before handing them over to the DA's office, b) allowing citizens to report local crimes in person as well as investigating and resolving those crimes, c) issuing IDs and weapon-carrying permits as well as registering citizen-owned weapons. Most of these duties are delegated to either the Investigations Office in smaller Precincts, or the Crime Detection and Suppression Department in larger Precincts.

The Crime Detection and Suppression Subdivision (previously called Security Subdivision) of a Police Directorate on the other hand, deals with the detection and suppression of crime in the capital city of the Regional Unit and consists of a Public Security Department with Offices of Narcotics, Homicide & Kidnapping, Property Crimes, Extortion Crimes, Human Trafficking, Illegal Items Trafficking, National Cultural Heritage & Antiquities Crimes, Financial Crimes and Organized Athletic Violence, as well as standalone Departments/Offices of Hate Crimes & Extremist Violence and of Juvenile Protection.

The Crime Detection and Suppression Subdivisions of Attica and Thessaloniki oversee and coordinate the aforementioned Crime Detection and Suppression Departments that operate at the various Precincts of those 2 regions and, ever since the formation of the Division of Organized Crime aka the "Greek FBI", they are tasked with exclusively investigating non-organized crime taking place in the suburb under their jurisdiction.

All Crime Detection and Suppression Subdivisions in Southern Greece (apart from the Region of Crete) must report all their activity to the HQ of the Division of Organized Crime in Athens and the central Crime Detection and Suppression Division of Attica, while Crime Detection and Suppression Subdivisions in Northern Greece must report all their activity to the Subdivision of Organized Crime of Northern Greece and the central Crime Detection and Suppression Division of Thessaloniki.[30] Crete has its own Department of Organized Crime where the Crime Detection and Suppression Subdivisions of the region report their activity to and which assists them with more severe cases of Organized Crime in the area. For this reason, there is a liaison in every Police Directorate across the country linking the Directorate to these central Divisions. The 3 Departments of the Organized Crime Division also have authorization to take over any criminal investigation regarding Organized Crime taking place in their respective areas of jurisdiction (Northern Greece, Southern Greece and Crete) at any given moment after prior communication with the Director of the local Crime Detection and Suppression Subdivision.

The central Crime Detection and Suppression Divisions of Attica and Thessaloniki also include a Department of Searches, which is part of the larger European Network of Fugitive Active Search Teams (ENFAST) and is tasked with tracking down fugitives and criminals with active outstanding warrants against them.

The Crime Detection and Suppression Subdivisions mostly consist of Investigators, i.e. Warrant Officers and Commissioned Officers (officers with a rank of Lieutenant II or higher) or Deputy Sergeants and Sergeants with Investigative Duties, while Constables, Deputy Sergeants and Sergeants without Investigative Duties who belong in this Division are usually part of the Units of Suppression and Prevention of Crime (Ο.Π.Κ.Ε.), the tactical ops groups which execute operations and arrest warrants for these Subdivisions, as well as the special motorcycle unit "Action" (Δράση), a patrolling unit in Attica and Thessaloniki which responds exclusively to severe crimes and crises with a much faster response time compared to regular patrol officers. There are also Ο.Π.Κ.Ε. Units which are tasked with patrolling certain districts, and/or during certain hours, known for their high crime rates, in order to be instantly available to assist Δράση and regular patrolling units of the "Immediate Action" ("Άμεση Δράση") Department during a riskier emergency.[31][32] These special units are part of the Department of Suppression and Prevention of Crime of the Crime Detection and Suppression Subdivision.

If the op or the arrest requires even more specialized forces (either because of the involvement of hostages, the suspicion that there is an explosive device or a weapon of mass destruction at play, the threat of a terrorist attack, or even just because the opposition force is overwhelming), members of the Special Police Forces, such as the Special Suppressive Anti-Terrorist Unit (Ε.Κ.Α.Μ.), the K9 Unit, the Bomb Squad or the Hellenic Police Air Service, may be called in. These forces are also called in during emergencies and crises which regular police personnel can't resolve and operate under the Subdivision of Special Police Forces of the Division of Police Operations, which is under the jurisdiction of the General Police Directorate of the Region (Γενική Περιφερειακή Αστυνομική Διεύθυνση) and NOT the Police Directorate of the Regional Unit.[33]

Riot Police Units (ΜΑΤ) also operate under this Division and are divided into the Subdivision of Public Order Reinstatement (Υποδιεύθυνση Αποκατάστασης Τάξης - Υ.Α.Τ.) and the Subdivision of Order Measures Enforcement (Υποδιεύθυνση Μέτρων Τάξης - Υ.ΜΕ.Τ.).[34] Officers of the Subdivision of Order Measures Enforcement bear regular police uniforms and gear and are usually a much tamer unit which is present in small rallies, sports games or gatherings where violent episodes and riots are not expected to break out. Officers of the Subdivision of Public Order Reinstatement on the other hand bear a more militaristic, olive green, uniform and gear which includes riot shields, helmets, tear gas, flash-bang grenades and oxygen masks. They also don't wear name tags or their badge numbers on their suits like the rest of police personnel, in order to keep their identities hidden. They are usually present in larger rallies, sports games and other types of public gatherings, especially ones orchestrated by anarchists, fascists and other types of extremists, where violence and rioting is expected to break out. Officers of the latter subdivision have thus been the subject of many controversies regarding the use of extreme and unwarranted police violence against civilians.

Finally, Regional Units which are situated near the borders of the country also have an Immigration Control and Border Protection Subdivision,[21] composed mostly of Border Guards, special police personnel with a 3-month basic training and a fixed-term contract. There are also Immigration Control and Foreign Persons Subdivisions and Departments in Attica and Thessaloniki, due to the large amounts of illegal immigrants as well as the amount of crime attributed to them in those large cities, while the rest of the Police Directorates just have an Immigration Control and Foreign Persons Office in their Crime Detection and Suppression Subdivisions.

Each Directorate also has a Passport Issuing Office, Administrative Offices such as that of Administrative and Legal Support, HR and Education, that of Financial and Technical Support and Informatics, that of Intelligence Gathering and Management, that of Internal Affairs and that of Press, Communication and PR (with the latter 3 being under the jurisdiction of the General Police Directorate of the Region), as well as an office of Forensic Investigations, equipped with the necessary laboratories and specialized personnel in order to conduct autopsies as well as collect and analyze crime scene evidence such as biological and biochemical samples, digital data, ballistics evidence, etc.[11]

Apart from the Departments of the Organized Crime Division and the offices of Forensic Science, Internal Affairs and Intelligence Management which operate directly under the command of their respective Divisions at the Hellenic Police HQ, the rest of the local Subdivisions, Departments and Offices operate under the Police Directorate of the Regional Unit or the General Police Directorate of the Region they belong in and are only overseen and coordinated by their corresponding Divisions at HQ. For example, the Traffic Police Department of e.g. the Regional Unit of Heraklion operates directly under the command of the Heraklion Police Directorate, while the Traffic Policing Division which is located at the Hellenic Police Headquarters in Athens only gives them general directions and has oversight over them.

The Counter-Terrorism Division and the Cyber Crime Division are the only major divisions to exclusively operate in Attica and Thessaloniki, while the International Police Cooperation Division only operates in Attica. Additionally, even though the President and Government Officials Protection Services operate in Attica from an administrative standpoint, the personnel of this division have a duty to follow the person of interest they are protecting wherever they may travel to around the country as well as abroad.

Personnel

[edit]

Ranks of the Hellenic Police Force

[edit]

Source:[35]

Ranks and insignia of the Hellenic Police Force[36]
Title Police Lieutenant General Police Major General Police Brigadier General Police Director Police Deputy Director Police Captain I (or Police Major) Police Captain II Police Lieutenant I Police Lieutenant II Police Warrant Officer (or Police Deputy Lieutenant) Police Sergeant

(Investigative Duty - with promotion exam)

Police Sergeant

(Investigative Duty)

Police Sergeant

(non-Investigative Duty)

Police Deputy Sergeant

(Investigative Duty)

Police Deputy Sergeant

(non-Investigative Duty)

Constable
Greek title Αντιστράτηγος Υποστράτηγος Ταξίαρχος Αστυνομικός Διευθυντής Αστυνομικός Υποδιευθυντής Αστυνόμος Α΄ Αστυνόμος Β΄ Υπαστυνόμος Α΄ Υπαστυνόμος B΄ Ανθυπαστυνόμος Αρχιφύλακας (Ανακριτικός Υπάλληλος - Με εξετάσεις) Αρχιφύλακας (Ανακριτικός Υπάλληλος) Αρχιφύλακας

(Μη ανακριτικός υπάλληλος)

Υπαρχιφύλακας (Ανακριτικός Υπάλληλος) Υπαρχιφύλακας

(Μη ανακριτικός υπάλληλος)

Αστυφύλακας
Insignia
Hellenic Police ranks and insignia, 1985[2]-1986[37]
Title Police Lieutenant General Police Major General Police Director Police Deputy Director Police Captain I (or Police Major) Police Captain II Police Lieutenant Police Warrant Officer Police Sergeant Constable
Greek title Αντιστράτηγος Υποστράτηγος Αστυνομικός Διευθυντής Αστυνομικός Υποδιευθυντής Αστυνόμος Α΄ Αστυνόμος Β΄ Υπαστυνόμος Ανθυπαστυνόμος Αρχιφύλακας Αστυφύλακας
Insignia

Duties

Police constables are usually assigned on patrol, dispatch, traffic control, guard or desk duty when they first graduate the Police Academy and can become part of riot police or other special police forces (Special Suppressive Anti-Terrorist Units, Groups for the Prevention and Suppression of Crime, K-9 units etc.) after at least 5 years of service.[31]

Constables can become Deputy Sergeants after a few years of service and usually have the same duties but with more responsibilities.

Constables and Deputy Sergeants can become Sergeants if they have completed at least 3 years of service, or at least 2 if they own a Bachelor's Degree, either through evaluations from their Commanding Officers, as part of their normal progression of the ranks (3 chevrons) or through examinations (4 chevrons) . 3-chevron Sergeants can also be promoted to 4-chevron Sergeants through the same examination which is held once a year.[38][39]

Sergeants are usually squad leaders, watch commanders, shift supervisors, field supervisors on patrol, or have other supervisory roles in certain offices, or within precincts, departments and regional directorates (e.g. inventory managers). In other words, they are the equivalent of middle managers with a certain number of Constables under their command. They can also be field trainers at the academy.

Deputy Sergeants and Sergeants "with Investigative Duties" on the other hand are usually assigned on ongoing investigations, but not as lead detectives.

Since there is no "Detective" rank in the Hellenic Police Force, Warrant Officers and Lieutenants (I-II) are usually the primary investigators on a case, although officers of these ranks can also take on duties of platoon leaders and/or act as senior supervisors of task forces and operations. That said, it's not uncommon to see Warrant Officers and Lieutenants II out on patrol as they can also be assigned as field supervisors, or even watch commanders and shift supervisors just like Sergeants, although less often.[39][40]

Scientists (biologists, chemists, physicists, computer scientists, anthropologists etc.) and doctors can also join the Hellenic Police Force starting on the rank of Lieutenant I (for Scientists) or Captain II (for Doctors) without going through the entire Undergraduate Program of the Police Academy. They only get a 3-month basic training on the use of weapons as well as the basics of the law and police procedures. These officers usually join the Forensic Investigation Division or the Health and Safety Division (more so the case for Doctors) and can reach up to the rank of Major General and become Directors of the 2 aforementioned Divisions.

Captains I (rank equivalent of Major) and Captains II are usually the Commanding Officers and Deputy Commanding Officers respectively, of Precincts, Departments, Offices, or certain Units, although Captains II and even Lieutenants I and Lieutenants II can also take the role of Commanding Officer in smaller departments and precincts (with Lieutenants I, Lieutenants II and Warrant Officers as their Deputy Commanding Officers respectively). Warrant Officers or even Sergeants on the other hand, can be assigned as commanding officers of Police Stations (Αστυνομικοί Σταθμοί), which are essentially very small Precincts in small, remote villages.

Police Deputy Directors (rank equivalent of Lieutenant Colonel) and Police Directors (rank equivalent of Colonel) can take on the role of Subdivision Directors, Police Directors and Brigadier Generals can command Police Directorates of Regional Units, while General Regional Police Directorates and the Branches and Divisions of the Hellenic Police HQ are usually led by Brigadier Generals or Major Generals.

Finally, there are only 5 Lieutenant Generals in the Hellenic Police Force: the Chief of the Hellenic Police, the Deputy Chief of the Hellenic Police, the Head of Staff of the Hellenic Police and the Inspectors of Northern Greece and Southern Greece.

The Hellenic Police doesn't have ranks of 4- or 5-star generals.

Emergency Police Phone Numbers

[edit]

Source:[41]

History

[edit]

19th century

[edit]
Gendarmes in Chalcis, 1835

Though there was what constituted a police force under the provisional Government of Greece during the Greek War of Independence, the first organized police force in Greece was the Greek Gendarmerie which was established in 1833 after the enthronement of King Otto. It was at that time, formally, part of the army and under the authority of the Defence Ministry (later the entirety of the organization including the Police Academy was brought under its authority). A city police force was also established but its role remained a secondary one in comparison to the Army's role (mainly dealing with illegal gambling, a severe problem at the time). Several foreign advisers (particularly from Bavaria, which emphasized elements of centralization and authoritarianism), were also brought in to provide training and tactical advice to the newly formed Police force. The main task of the police force under the army as a whole during this period was firstly to combat theft but also to contribute to the establishment of a strong executive government.

The army's links to the police and the nature of the structure of the police force and its hierarchy (that of being similar to the army) was maintained throughout the 19th century for a number of reasons. Largely the socio-political unrest that characterized the period including disproportionate poverty, governmental oppression, sporadic rebellions and political instability. As a result of this, as well as the input of the armed forces, the police force remained a largely conservative body throughout the period, while there was also a certain amount of politicization during training as the police force were trained in military camps.

20th century

[edit]
Road traffic policeman of the Cities Police in 1960

In 1906 the Greek police force underwent its first major restructuring at an administrative level. It acquired its own educational and training facilities independent of those of the army (though still remaining titularly part of the armed forces), but due to its involvement in the Macedonian Struggle, and the Balkan and First World Wars, it tended to neglect civilian matters and was partially unresponsive to the needs of Greek society at the time. However, together with the establishment of a civilian city police force for Athens in 1920 (which would eventually be expanded to the entire country), it set a precedent for further change that came in 1935 because of rapid technological, demographic and economic changes which helped it become more responsive to civilian policing needs of the time.

However, modernization of the police force was stunted by the successive periods of political instability. The dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas, compounded with both the Second World War and the Greek Civil War led to a retardation of reform throughout the late 1930s and early to mid-1940s. After the war however, British experts were brought in to help reform the police along the lines of the British Police and, as a result, the police force ceased to be a part of the Defence Ministry after 1946. Even then however, it did not abandon its military features and was still prevalently a military based institution. The Civil war of the period also contributed to excess violence on both sides (government forces and the guerillas of the communist-led Democratic Army of Greece).[42] Torture and abuse of human rights were widespread especially during the early periods of the war when parts of the country where in a state of near lawlessness. Despite this, after the war, the police force did reach a respectable level of civilian policing throughout the mid-1960s which was once again stunted by the rise to power of the Military dictatorship of the Colonels from 1967 to 1974 where it was largely employed as a method of quelling popular discontent along with the Greek Military Police (ΕΣΑ) force of the dictatorship.

After the fall of the Colonels, Greece became a Republic and the infamous ΕΣΑ was cleansed of torturers and renamed "Military Police". The organization of regular police forces remained unchanged, up until PASOK's rise to power, which had sought to "democratize" the security forces.[43] Despite strong opposition from both the Gendarmerie and the Cities Police,[44] in 1984 both were merged into a single unified Hellenic Police Force which maintained elements of a military structure and hierarchy. The new mega-scheme also initially incorporated the Rural Police (Greek: Ελληνική Αγροφυλακή) as community wardens,[45] which was later (1986) turned over to the prefectures,[46] but not the Hellenic Fire Service due to widespread unrest in the Service.[47][48] The Hellenic Police also undertook the duties of the National Security Service and incorporated joint Gendarmerie-Cities Police services like the Directorate of Forensics.[49]

Because of the long tradition of militaristic elements within the structure of the police even the Council of State of Greece ruled that the police should be regarded as a military body and that members are not civilians but members of the military engaged in a wider role together with the Armed Forces to supplement the Army in defense of the homeland. This however, has in recent years been relegated to policing duties such as border patrols and combating illegal immigration and is not reflective of any de facto military duties outside of that of a defensive role in the event of an invasion. Today the Hellenic Police assists in training various emerging Eastern European and African police forces and Greece has one of the lowest crime rates within the European Union.

Social service

[edit]
Police station in Nafplio

Since 2012, the Hellenic Police has operated the CyberKid website and the synonymous mobile application, which aims to provide useful information to children and their parents about using the internet.[50] In 2013, the Cyber Crime Unit of the Hellenic Police, under the auspices of the Ministry of Citizen Protection, organised a number of conferences[51][52] to inform kids and parents about the dangers that a child can have while using the internet.[53][54]

A significant part of the training for all officers is protection and safeguarding of children, and any form of child abuse is faced with a "Zero Tolerance" policy.[citation needed]

Additionally, the Hellenic Police has shown active support to the Children's Smile (Greek: Το Χαμόγελο του Παιδιού) a non-profit organization, via a financial donation[55] and the assurance that the agency was, is, and will remain "for life" an active supporter of the organization.

A free of charge digital application called Panic Button,[56][57][58][59][60][61] which operates 24 hours a day, was introduced in Attica and Thessaloniki on March 27, 2023, and has since become available throughout the country. Installed on smartphones, its aim is to allow police to immediately intervene in incidents of domestic violence against women.[62][63] By pressing a button, it automatically sends a short text message to the police or other special services, and it locates where the user is through the phone's Global Positioning System (GPS). The application can be provided by Hellenic Police Precincts and the Domestic Violence offices which currently operate in 63 Police Directorates around the country, as well as counseling centers of the network under the General Secretariat of Demographic and Family Policy and Equality of the Sexes at the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs in Attica and Thessaloniki.

On November 11, 2024, a similar application was launched on the Google Play Store and the App Store called Safe Youth which includes an emergency panic button for kids who are in danger, an anonymous form to report crimes against underage individuals as well as informational articles about social problems and crimes the youth should be aware and cautious about (drugs, sexual abuse and rape, bullying etc.).

Women in the Hellenic Police

[edit]

Female Police Officers comprise ~15% of the Force's total sworn personnel and are given equal treatment in terms of salaries, education and training, duties as well as the gear they bear compared to male officers.

The first time women joined Greece's law enforcement agencies was in 1969 when 45 female Constables were hired for the Cities Police. 2 years later, in 1971, the first 25 women were hired by the Hellenic Gendarmerie. Then in 1983, 1 year before the current Hellenic Police force was founded, women were first allowed to join the School of Commissioned Police Officers of the Cities Police Academy and graduate with the rank of Police Lieutenant II.

However, the maximum number of women who could be accepted at the school was 10% of the total open positions. This changed in 2003, allowing men and women to have equal chances to be accepted in the Hellenic Police Academy.

It was 1 year before that, in 2002, when Greece became the first country in Europe to have a female officer reach the rank Police Major General.

As of May 3, 2023, 8,408 sworn female officers serve in the Hellenic Police with 91 of them being Commanding Officers of Departments, Precincts, Offices and Units, 85 of them serving in the Counter-Terrorism Division, 5 of them serving in the Bomb Squad and 10 of them serving in the Hellenic Police Air Service.

Most of them however serve in Crime Detection and Suppression Subdivisions/Departments and Investigations Offices (1155*), Traffic Police (696*), in various positions at the Hellenic Police HQ (467*) and the Forensic Investigations Division (263*). [*Stats are all as of May 3, 2023] [64]

Current issues

[edit]

There are several current issues affecting the police in Greece today. Of particular importance is the rise in drug related crimes, sometimes attributed to increased immigration from Albania and other former Eastern Bloc countries. This has particularly affected Athens (and specifically, Omonoia Square), which has become a central point for drug-related activities within Greece.[65]

Illegal immigration is also a problem as Greece remains both a destination and transit point for illegal immigrants, particularly from Albania (and, increasingly, African and Asian countries).[66] There has been an effort in recent years to step up the security procedures along Greece's borders, although some[who?] allege the government's approach has been heavy-handed.[citation needed] The issue of the recruitment of immigrants has also been brought up by opposition PASOK MPs in Parliament several times.

Greece is one of the few EU countries where there is a rising crime rate (although it is still very low by EU standards). Some[who?] also allege there is a division within the Greek Police force between 'Modern' and 'Traditional' elements; the 'Traditional' element is underpinned by a long history of links with the military, whereas the 'Modern' element is geared towards the police playing a greater social role in society (for example, through drug rehabilitation).[citation needed]

Controversies

[edit]

Drugs case of Minister of Citizen Protection

[edit]

During a check on four persons in the area of Amarousiou on 22 November 2021 by motorcycle police unit DIAS officers, in particular the procedure of identity document (ID) checks and body search after having first ordered from them to place out the items who carry with them, they found drugs.[67][68] Among the persons was reportedly Dimitris Theodorikakos son of Citizen Protection Minister Panagiotis (Takis) Theodorikakos.[69][70][71][72][73][74] The revelation made by a retired police brigadier and the newspaper journalist and police editor of Ta Nea and To Vima Vasilis Labropoulos on Mega TV’s Mega Gegonota news[75] on 2 February 2023 where it presents photographs from the drugs and recording of data of four, referring to the Panagiotis Theodorikakos who reportedly had done intervention in order to cover up and manipulate the case file, to destroy incriminating evidences and material, and to avoid arrest and transfer before a prosecutor. Vasilis Labropoulos commented that "Mega TV and other media had not have intention to refer who is the person checked, hence they referred only [they did not name who are] are from the surrounding of mister Theodorikakos. The revelation of person who is his son he is himself revealed the minister [Panagiotis Theodorikakos]".[76][77][78][79][80]

Panagiotis (Takis) Theodorikakos announced he will file a criminal complaint[81][82] against the retired police brigadier and Vasilis Labropoulos. Also Dimitris Theodorikakos and former Chief of Hellenic Police Michail Karamalakis[83][84][85] announced they will file a criminal complaint against the retired police brigadier.[86][87]

Police Brutality

[edit]

According to some organizations Greek police has been accused of overt and, generally unpunished, brutality, in specific cases like after the 2008 Greek riots and during the 2010–2012 Greek protests sparked by the Greek government-debt crisis. Amnesty international has issued a detailed report[88] on police violence in Greece, concerning its practices in patrolling demonstrations, treatment of illegal immigrants, and other, while the Human Rights Watch has criticized the organization concerning its stance against immigrants[89][90] and allegations of torture of detainees[91] and the Reporters Without Borders have accused the police of deliberately targeting journalists.[92]

Furthermore, it has been accused of allegedly planting evidence on detainees[93][94] and mistreatment of arrested individuals. A 29-year-old Cypriot man, Avgoustinos Dimitriou, has been awarded €300,000 in damages following his videotaped beating by plainclothed police officers during a 2006 demonstration in Thessaloniki.[95][96][97][98]

In November 2019, Amnesty International made a report regarding the police violence and the use of torture methods.[99] In 2020, 26-year-old Vasilis Maggos from Volos, was found dead one month after his arrest (during an environmental demonstration) and his beating by police officers that caused him serious organ damage.[100][101][102] In April 2024 criminal prosecution was brought against six officers of the Magnesia Police Department, among others, on the charge of complicity and serial torture.[103]

In 2021, the Border Violence Monitoring Network published a report into the use of torture and inhuman treatment during pushbacks by Greek police.[104][105][106] They assert that:

AEK fan 29-year-old Greek Michalis Katsouris was stabbed multiple times and died shortly after in hospital, when in the late hours on 7 August 2023 a group of around 100-120 hooligans supporters of Dinamo Zagreb, reportedly met up with members-accomplices of an affiliated Athens club at a pre-arranged location and together made their way by car and train to AEK's stadium in Nea Filadelfia, went to Perissos, where fans of AEK were assembled in the broader vicinity.[107][108][109] Clashes ensued between the two groups, which threw flares, makeshift explosives, projectiles and rocks, and used makeshift clubs.[110] Hellenic Police have come under criticism for allowing the Dinamo Zagreb fans to assemble near the stadium and not stopping the brawl, intended to prevent the murder that occurred.[111][112][113][114][115]

A prosecutor has ordered a preliminary investigation into an incident which occurred on Akadimias Street in Athens on 16 March 2023 during general strike where a police tow truck drove at high speed into dumpsters that were being wheeled into the middle of a street by protestors.[116][117][118]

Four police officers were arrested on 11 March 2023, include a higher officer, two lower-ranking policemen and a member of the Special Guard unit were responsible for guarding and transferring detainees, for allegedly beating and torturing a detainee.[119]

On December 5, 2022, in Thessaloniki a 16-year-old Roma youth was fatally shot in the head by a 34-year-old motorcycle police unit DIAS officer involved in a chase after the teenager allegedly filled up his pickup truck at a gas station and left without paying the 20 euro bill triggered days of often violent protests in the Thessaloniki and Athens and other parts of Greece. He had been hospitalized for more than a week but he died on 13 December 2022.[120][121][122][123]

Two motorcycle police unit DIAS officers, aged 24 and 27, were charged with raping a 19-year-old woman in Omonoia Police Station on 12 October 2022.[124]

A disabled woman brutalized by two policemen at the Omonia Police Station on 29 October 2019, Hellenic Police (ELAS) confirmed the violent incident.[125][126][127]

A special police guard Epaminondas Korkoneas killed 15-year-old Alexandros Grigoropoulos on the night of December 6, 2008, following a verbal altercation with the teenager and his friends.[128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135]

Michalis Kaltezas 15-year-old was fatally shot at the back of his head by the 27-year-old police officer Athanasios Melistas[136][137][138][139] on 17 November 1985 during the annual 17 November protests remembrance day.

Iakovos Koumis (Sorira Ammochostos, 1956 – Athens, 23 November 1980) was a Cypriot law student who was fatally injured to death, along 20-year-old worker Stamatina Kanellopoulou, by the Police Riot Units (M.A.T.) on 16 November 1980 during the annual 17 November protests remembrance day.[140][141][136]

Syriza controversy

[edit]

In 2012, Syriza political party, disagreed with the measures taken by the State authorities and the police against illegal immigration.[142]

At early November 2012, the Minister of Public Order, Nikos Dendias, accused various MPs of the Coalition of Radical Left of "impersonating authority". According to the accusations, on 7 November 2012 the members of the party stopped a number of policemen while they were on duty, in a public protest, in order to check their credentials. Moreover, they took photographs of the plainclothes police officers and uploaded them on the internet site of the party (left.gr).[143][144][145] The accusations prompted an angry reply from the party's spokesperson, who replied that they are "dirty accusations".[146][147]

Allegations of ties with the far Right

[edit]

In a 1998 interview with the newspaper Eleftherotypia, Minister for Public Order Georgios Romaios (PASOK) alleged the existence of "fascist elements in the Greek police", and vowed to suppress them.[148]

Before the surrender of Androutsopoulos, an article by the newspaper Ta Nea claimed that the neo-Nazi political party Golden Dawn had close relationships with some parts of the Greek police force.[149] Since the 1990s, the Hellenic Police has been condemned for the association of many of its officers with the far right movement, in particular the Golden Dawn party.

The newspaper published then a photograph of a typewritten paragraph with no identifiable insignia as evidence of the secret investigation. In the article, the Minister for Public Order, Michalis Chrysochoidis, responded that he did not recollect such a probe. Chrysochoidis also denied accusations that far right connections within the police force delayed the arrest of Periandros. He said that leftist groups, including the ultra-left anti-state resistance group 17 November, responsible for several murders, had similarly evaded the police for decades. In both cases, he attributed the failures to "stupidity and incompetence" on behalf of the force.[149]

Golden Dawn stated that rumors about the organisation having connections to the Greek police and the government are untrue, and that the police had intervened in Golden Dawn's rallies and had arrested members of the Party several times while the New Democracy party was in power (for example, during a rally in Thessaloniki in June 2006, and at a rally for the anniversary of the Greek genocide, in Athens, also in 2006). Also, on January 2, 2005, anti-fascist and leftist groups invaded Golden Dawn's headquarters in Thessaloniki, under heavy police surveillance. Although riot police units were near the entrance of the building alongside the intruders, they allegedly did not attempt to stop their actions.[150]

The "communicating vessels" between Police and Neo-Nazis re-surfaced on the occasion of riot that broke during protest on march June 28, 2011, when squads of riot police rushed to protect agents provocateurs[151] isolated by the angry crowd, two of them A. Soukaras and A. Koumoutsos both unionists of ETHEL (ΕΘΕΛ) well known for both their extreme opinions, as well as their frequent presence in riots.[152]

In July 2012, it was reported that Nils Muižnieks, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, had placed the alleged ties of Greek Police and Golden Dawn under scrutiny,[153] following reports of the Greek state's continued failure to acknowledge the problem.[154][155]

According to political analyst Paschos Mandravelis, "A lot of the party's backing comes from the police, young recruits who are a-political and know nothing about the Nazis or Hitler. For them, Golden Dawn supporters are their only allies on the frontline when there are clashes between riot police and leftists.[156]

Following the May 6, 2012 Greek Parliamentary election, in which Golden Dawn entered the Greek parliament, it was said that more than one out of two police officers voted for the party in districts adjacent to Athens' Attica General Police Directorate (GADA)[157] The Hellenic Police falsified those claims, some of their arguments were that "The Hellenic Police falsified those claims, some of their arguments were that "the Special Electoral Lists also included civilians and people who reside in municipalities that are different from the municipalities that are registered in their elector lists, a big number of civilians and of non-civilians include, other categories of civil servants (army, navy, airforce, coast guard, firefighting staff, etc.), while in addition many police officers vote in their local constituencies." and "1048th electoral department of the 7th District of the Municipality of Athens, in which motorcycle police unit DIAS officers / Attica Directorate of Immediate Action exercised their right to vote, golden dawn also gained 11%, ranking third (as in national elections). Finally, in the vast majority of polling stations, in which police officers also voted during the European elections, in various areas (Kaisariani, Ampelokipi, etc.) golden dawn ranked third[158][159][160] Since the election, Greek police officers have been implicated in violent incidents between Golden Dawn members and migrants. In September, one police officer was suspended for participating in a Golden Dawn raid against migrant-owned kiosks in an open market at Mesolongi; seven other officers were identified.[161] Anti-fascist demonstrators were allegedly tortured in police custody that same month.[162] In October, Greek police allegedly stood by while Golden Dawn members attacked a theater holding a production of the controversial play Corpus Christi.[163][164]

Police action for human rights

[edit]

The Police Action for Human Rights (DADA) union founded, in 2018 in Athens, to protect the rights of LGBT and female police officers. Some of their basic principles are the protection of human rights, the fight against prejudice and discrimination and the equal treatment of all citizens.[165][166][167] The union has participated in events, against homophobia and racism in support of human rights, of the Athens Police Officers Association (EASYA) and representatives in the Panhellenic Federation of Police Employees.[168][169] They have also participated in the pride together with those who belong to the Democratic Union Police Movement (DEKA), of the Athens Police Officers Association (EASYA) and representatives in the Panhellenic Federation of Police Employees (POASY).[170][171]

Transportation

[edit]
Skoda Octavia Greek police cars
Water cannon
Police vehicle
Sfakianakis police bus
Honda Transalp 650 is the main motorcycle of the Greek police

The most common police vehicles in Greece are the white with blue stripes Citroën Xsara, Škoda Octavia, Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X, Hyundai i30, Citroën C4, Citroën C4 Picasso, Suzuki SX4, Jeep Liberty, Peugeot 308, Volkswagen Golf, and Nissan Qashqai. Other vehicles that Greek Police has used throughout the years are the following:

The original livery featured white roofs and doors, with the rest of the bodyshell in dark blue. The current livery was first introduced on the Citroën ZX's, although the blue stripe on the earlier models was not reflective; this gave birth to the nickname "stroumfakia" (smurfs) for the Hellenic Police.

Most Greek police vehicles are equipped with a customized Car PC, which offers GPS guidance and is connected directly with the Hellenic "Police On Line" network.

A number of police vehicles are being modified to be equipped with onboard surveillance cameras. A number of portable body-worn cameras are also sometimes used by the Immediate Action patrol officers (car patrol, ΔΙ.ΑΣ., foot patrol) motorcycle police unit ΔΡΑΣΗ ("Action") officers, riot police (MAT) officers as well as Crime Prevention and Suppression Groups (Ο.Π.Κ.Ε.) officers.[172][173][174][175][176]

Police equipment

[edit]
Weapon Origin Type
Beretta M9  USA Handgun
Heckler & Koch USP  Germany Handgun
Smith & Wesson Model 910  USA Revolver
Ruger GP100  USA Revolver
Heckler & Koch MP5  Germany Submachine gun
Uzi  Israel Submachine gun
FN P90  Belgium Submachine gun
FN FAL  Belgium Assault rifle
AK-47  Soviet Union Assault rifle
AK-74M  Soviet Union Assault rifle
M4 carbine  USA Assault rifle
Kefeus  Greece Sniper rifle

Police Academy

[edit]

The Hellenic Police Academy in its current form was established in 1994 with the voting of law 2226/1994 through Parliament. It is situated in Athens and is under the jurisdiction of the Chief of Police and the Head of Staff. However the Chief of Police can make recommendations and act as an advisor to the Minister (i.e. the Minister of Citizen Protection) on improvements and other such issues (for example structural reform) pertaining to the academy. The Minister and the Chief of Police make annual speeches at the academy to prospective Police Officers. The school is made up of university professors, special scientists (for areas such as forensics) and high-ranking police officers who have specialist field experience. Entrance to the academy is based on Panhellenic Examinations (which are university level entrance examinations), passing specific athletic requirements and an interview, though it differs depending on which particular school of the academy the student wishes to join.[177][178]

The Police Academy includes:

Training

[edit]

Hellenic Police has a basic requirement of knowledge which is applied to all positions within the agency. These are the protection of the Constitution as well as the tackling of criminal activities and assisting in disaster situations. The emphasis during training on the support and protection of children is such, that a number of highly successful individuals that were raised as orphans, have stated that they couldn't say with certainty that they would make it all the way to the top, without the social service that the Hellenic Police provided to them during their childhood.[186]

Cadets spent their Winter Semesters in classes and field training at the academy, but during Spring Semesters, they are assigned to different Precincts and Departments where they can apply their knowledge out in the field, so they can be ready for duty once they become sworn Police Officers.

The personnel who are hired as police special guards and border guards (and can later be promoted to police officers after 8 years of service and reach up to the rank of Warrant Officer) receive 3 months of training. Special guards mainly have patrolling duties and they can also be part of the President and Government Officials Protection Services, Riot Police and Police Special Forces.[187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194]

Report complaint

[edit]

Citizens can contact, either giving their name or anonymously, with the Internal Affairs Service Agency of Law Enforcement Bodies (Υ.Ε.Υ.Σ.Α. - Υπηρεσία Εσωτερικών Υποθέσεων Σωμάτων Ασφαλείας - Ypiresia Esoterikon Ypotheseon Somaton Asfalias), which is under the authority of Ministry of Citizen Protection, in order to report complains, anti-social behavior, offences, abuse of power on-duty or off-duty, violence, mistreatment, sexual abuse and various other illegal acts committing by Greek police personnel.[195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Αρχηγός Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  2. ^ a b Law 1481/1-10-1984 published in the Government Gazette 152/A/8-10-1984 (Official Journal of the Hellenic Republic - FEK).
  3. ^ The Hellenic Police Headquarters is at 4 Panagioti Kanellopoulou Avenue Street, 101 77, Athens, Greece, next to the Ministry of Citizen Protection.
  4. ^ "Αυξάνονται οι οργανικές θέσεις ανώτατων αξιωματικών στην Αστυνομία" (in Greek). Proto Thema. 22 February 2023. Archived from the original on 22 February 2023.
  5. ^ "Ελληνική Αστυνομία - Οργανόγραμμα". astynomia.gr. August 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2024.
  6. ^ "Διεύθυνση Διαχείρισης και Ανάλυσης Πληροφοριών - Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  7. ^ "Προεδρικό Διάταγμα 29/2024 - ΦΕΚ 88/Α/13-6-2024". e-nomothesia.gr | Τράπεζα Πληροφοριών Νομοθεσίας (in Greek). 2024-06-13. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
  8. ^ "Ξεκινά και επίσημα τη λειτουργία του το ελληνικό "FBI"". Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ (in Greek). 2024-10-17. Retrieved 2024-10-21.
  9. ^ Νικήτας, Γιάννης (2020-03-30). "Συνελήφθη ο Ιρανός που υποκινούσε σε ένοπλο αγώνα τους αλλοδαπούς στον Έβρο". Defence Review (in Greek). Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  10. ^ "Διεύθυνση Δίωξης Ηλεκτρονικού Εγκλήματος". astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  11. ^ a b "ΔΕΕ - Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 28, 2024.
  12. ^ "Γενική Διεύθυνση Προστασίας Επισήμων και Ευπαθών Στόχων - Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  13. ^ "ΕΚΑΜ: Ποιοι είναι οι επίλεκτοι των ειδικών δυνάμεων της Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας [εικόνες & βίντεο]". iefimerida.gr (in Greek). 2017-04-24. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  14. ^ "ΤΕΕΜ - Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 28, 2024.
  15. ^ "Ομάδα Σκύλων Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023.
  16. ^ "Εναέρια Μέσα Σωμάτων Ασφαλείας - Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  17. ^ "Αστυνομική Ακαδημία - Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  18. ^ "Διεύθυνση Υγειονομικού - Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  19. ^ "Ομάδα ΔΙΑΣ - Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  20. ^ "43 χρόνια κλείνει σήμερα η Ομάδα Ζ. Οι μοτοσικλέτες που άφησαν εποχή". carandmotor.gr | Το πρώτο premium site αυτοκινήτου (in Greek). 2022-02-17. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  21. ^ a b "Συνοριοφύλακες - Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  22. ^ "26-10-2021: Δημοσίευση τελικών, αναμορφωμένων, κυρωμένων πινάκων κατ' αρχήν πληρούντων τα προσόντα και αυτών που δεν πληρούν τα προσόντα για πρόσληψη, ως Ειδικοί Φρουροί για τη συγκρότηση Ομάδων Προστασίας Πανεπιστημιακών Ιδρυμάτων (Ο.Π.Π.Ι.)" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. 26 October 2021. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023.
  23. ^ "01-02-2022: Πρόγραμμα προκαταρκτικών εξετάσεων επιλαχόντων ιδιωτών υποψηφίων (ανδρών - γυναικών) για πρόσληψη ως Ειδικοί Φρουροί για τη συγκρότηση Ομάδων Προστασίας Πανεπιστημιακών Ιδρυμάτων (Ο.Π.Π.Ι.) της Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. 1 February 2022. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023.
  24. ^ "Κούτλας Κ.,Τσιρίγκας Δ., (2017, Μάιος - Ιούνιος) «Τουριστική Αστυνομία», Αστυνομική Ανασκόπηση, σ. 64-66" (PDF) (in Greek). Hellenic Police. 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 April 2023.
  25. ^ Eleftherios G. Skiadas (27 September 2018). "Η ίδρυση της Τουριστικής Αστυνομίας και "ζώνες εμφανίσεως" των Αθηνών" (in Greek). Ta Athinaika. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
  26. ^ "Τμήματα και Σταθμοί Τουριστικής Αστυνομίας Νομού Αττικής" [Units and Stations of the Tourist Police of the Attica] (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  27. ^ "Greek tourist police at hand at nine airports to assist visitors". Kathimerini. 9 May 2016. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
  28. ^ "Αναζήτηση Υπηρεσιών - Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 28, 2024.
  29. ^ "Άμεση Δράση - Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 28, 2024.
  30. ^ "Π.Δ. 63/2024 - ΦΕΚ Α 180/07.11.2024". www.kodiko.gr (in Greek). Retrieved 2024-11-10.
  31. ^ a b OPEN (2024-04-27). Περιπολία του Επί Τόπου ζωντανά με τους "ράμπο" της αστυνομίας σε γκέτο της Δυτικής Αττικής. Retrieved 2024-10-28 – via YouTube.
  32. ^ newsbomb.gr (2024-10-26). Νυχτερινή περιπολία με την ομάδα ΟΠΚΕ στα άβατα της Δυτικής Αττικής. Retrieved 2024-10-28 – via YouTube.
  33. ^ "ΓΕΠΑΔ Κρήτης - Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 28, 2024.
  34. ^ "Νομός Θεσσαλονίκης - Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 28, 2024.
  35. ^ "Βαθμοί Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας - Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 28, 2024.
  36. ^ "Ranks of the Hellenic Police Force - Ministry of Citizen Protection". Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  37. ^ Presidential Decree 159/1986 published in the Government Gazette (FEK) 61/A/8-5-1986 added the rank of Police Brigadier (Ταξίαρχος) and split the rank of Ypastynomos into Ypastynomos A and Ypasynomos B.
  38. ^ "Προκύρηξη Εξετάσεων Αρχιφυλάκων 31 Μαΐου 2024 - Ελληνική Αστυνομία" (PDF). astynomia.gr. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  39. ^ a b c "Εξέλιξη Ανθρώπινου Δυναμικού Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας". astynomia.gr. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  40. ^ ΕΛ.ΑΣ: Η ομάδα ΔΙ.ΑΣ. 2022-06-28. Retrieved 2024-10-28 – via YouTube.
  41. ^ "Άμεση Επικοινωνία - Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
  42. ^ Shrader, Charles R. (1999). The withered vine: logistics and the communist insurgency in Greece, 1945-1949 ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Westport, Conn.: Praeger. p. 27. ISBN 9780275965440.
  43. ^ Government Policy Manifesto — Contract with the People (Διακήρυξη Κυβερνητικής Πολιτικής — Συμβόλαιο με το Λαό) . Athens: Publications Office of the Centre for Studies and Enlightenment (ΚΕ.ΜΕ.ΔΙΑ), PASOK. 1981.
  44. ^ "Χρόνος και λόγοι κατάργησης". www.peaaap.gr. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
  45. ^ Article 9, Law 1481/84
  46. '^ Article 3 of Law 1590/1986 - Government Gazette A 49/1986. Article 9 of Law 1481/84 is replaced by the following: Article 9 Community wardens 1. Community wardens shall be part of the staff of the Directorate of Internal Affairs of the prefectures. 2. By decision of the Prefect concerned, they shall be assigned either tasks defined in Law 3030/1954 (Government Gazette A 244), as in force, or to serve the local self-government organizations or other LEPL (legal entities of public law), or other public services. A decision of the Minister of the Interior and Public Order shall determine the place of exercise of these duties and any other necessary details'.
  47. ^ ""Μια μέρα σαν και σήμερα 39 χρόνια πριν Κατελήφθη η Πυροσβεστική Ακαδημία"". Nantia Report (in Greek). 2023-01-28. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
  48. ^ "40 χρόνια από την κατάληψη της Πυροσβεστικής Σχολής". Retrieved 2024-06-02.
  49. ^ Law 1481/1984 (Government Gazette A 152/1984) Organization of the Ministry of Public Order Article 54 Abolition of Bodies and Services 2. [...] The responsibilities of the National Security Service and the Directorate of Forensic Services shall be transferred to the security branch of the Hellenic Police.
  50. ^ "Cyberkid". cyberkid.gov.gr (in Greek and English). Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  51. ^ "2o Συνέδριο Ασφαλούς Πλοήγησης στο Διαδίκτυο" (in Greek). newsbomb.gr. 30 January 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  52. ^ "Δεύτερο Συνέδριο Ασφαλούς Πλοήγησης στο Διαδίκτυο" (in Greek). newsbomb.gr. 28 January 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  53. ^ "24-10-2011: Παρουσίαση της νέας διαδικτυακής και διαδραστικής εφαρμογής χρήσιμων συμβουλών για την ασφαλή πλοήγηση στο διαδίκτυο – Υπουργείο Προστασίας του Πολίτη". minocp.gov.gr (in Greek). Ministry of Citizen Protection. 24 October 2011. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
  54. ^ "Cyberkids - Activities". cyberkid.gov.gr (in Greek). Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  55. ^ "05-09-2012: Η Ελληνική Αστυνομία ενίσχυσε "Το Χαμόγελο του Παιδιού" με το ποσό που είχε προϋπολογιστεί για την παρουσία της στην 77η Διεθνή Έκθεση Θεσσαλονίκης – Υπoυργείο Δημόσιας Τάξης & Προστασίας του Πολίτη – Ελληνική Αστυνομία" (Press release) (in Greek). Hellenic Police. 21 August 2012. Archived from the original on 19 November 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  56. ^ "Αρχηγείο Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας - Δελτίο Τύπου 27-03-2023: Ξεκίνησε η λειτουργία του "Panic Button" (κουμπί πανικού) κατά της ενδοοικογενειακής βίας, σε Αττική και Θεσσαλονίκη" [Hellenic Police Headquarters - Press Release 27-03-2023: Started the operation of "Panic Button" against domestic violence, in Attica and Thessaloniki] (Press release) (in Greek). Hellenic Police. 27 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023.
  57. ^ "The EU Mutual Learning Programme in Gender Equality: Comments paper - Greece" (PDF). European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  58. ^ "Hellenic Police (ELAS) creates new department for domestic violence". Kathimerini. 8 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023.
  59. ^ "3ης Ετήσια Έκθεση για την βία κατά των γυναικών" (PDF) (in Greek). Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs - General Secretariat of Demographic and Family Policy and Gender Equality. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2023.
  60. ^ "Hellenic Police video offers advice to domestic violence victims". Kathimerini. 20 May 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023.
  61. ^ "Συμβουλές στην ελληνική νοηματική (βίντεος) - Ελληνική Αστυνομία" [Advices in the Greek sign language (videos) - Hellenic Police] (in Greek). Hellenic Police. 14 July 2018 – via YouTube.
  62. ^ "Panic button application to help women facing domestic violence". Kathimerini. 27 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023.
  63. ^ ""Panic button": Πώς λειτουργεί η εφαρμογή κατά της ενδοοικογενειακής βίας" (in Greek). Naftemporiki. 19 November 2022. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023.
  64. ^ "Γυναίκες στην Ελληνική Αστυνομία". astynomia.gr. May 3, 2023. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  65. ^ Charalambos Kasimis (8 March 2012). "Greece: Illegal Immigration in the Midst of Crisis". migrationinformation.org. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  66. ^ Nicholas Paphitis (8 June 2012). "6,000 suspected illegal immigrants detained in Greece". USA Today. Archived from the original on 7 June 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  67. ^ "Βρέθηκαν ναρκωτικά στην κατοχή του γιου του Θεοδωρικάκου – Φωτογραφία ντοκουμέντο με ναρκωτικά που εντοπίστηκαν από τον έλεγχο στην παρέα του υιού του" [Drugs found in possession of Dimitris Theodorikakos son of Panagiotis (Takis) Theodorikakos – Photograph document with drugs which found during check conducting to the company of his son Dimitris Theodorikakos] (in Greek). Ta Nea. 30 January 2023. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023.
  68. ^ "Παναγιώτης Θεοδωρικάκος: Τι έδειξε η εσωτερική έρευνα της Αστυνομίας για την υπόθεση του γιου του" [Panagiotis Theodorikakos: What the internal investigation has shown for the drugs case of his son Dimitris Theodorikakos] (in Greek). Proto Thema. 1 February 2023. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023.
  69. ^ "Citizen Protection Minister Panagiotis (Takis) Theodorikakos". Ministry of Citizen Protection. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  70. ^ "Panagiotis (Takis) Theodorikakos". Hellenic Parliament. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  71. ^ "Παναγιώτης Θεοδωρικάκος" [Panagiotis Theodorikakos (Takis Theodorikakos)]. theodorikakos.gr (in Greek). Archived from the original on 19 March 2023.
  72. ^ "Παναγιώτης Θεοδωρικάκος: Ξεκίνημα της προεκλογικής περιόδου από τον Ταύρο" [Panagiotis Theodorikakos: Beginning of the electoral period from the Attica suburb of Τavros] (in Greek). Proto Thema. 23 April 2023. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
  73. ^ "Υπουργός Προστασίας του Πολίτη Παναγιώτης Θεοδωρικάκος: "Καταδικάζω απερίφραστα και απόλυτα την επίθεση στα γραφεία του ΣΥΡΙΖΑ στη Σίνδο"" [Citizen Protection Minister Panagiotis Theodorikakos: «I condemn unreservedly and totally the attack at the SYRIZA’s offices in Sindo»] (in Greek). Proto Thema. 11 April 2023. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023.
  74. ^ "Άγριος τηλεοπτικός καβγάς Θεοδωρικάκου - Βαρεμένου για την αστυνομία (βίντεο)" [Wild television quarrel between Panagiotis Theodorikakos - Giorgos Varemenos for the Greek Police (video)] (in Greek). Proto Thema. 11 May 2023. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023.
  75. ^ Tsima, Rania (2 February 2023). "MEGA ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑ: Κεντρικό Δελτίο Ειδήσεων 02/02/2023" [Mega TV’s Mega Gegonota: Central News 02/02/2023]. Mega Gegonota (in Greek). 27:43 minutes in. Mega TV. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023.
  76. ^ "Υπόθεση Θεοδωρικάκου: Αποκαλυπτικό SMS του απόστρατου ταξίαρχου" [Panagiotis Theodorikakos case: Revealing SMS message of the retired police brigadier] (in Greek). Rosa. 3 February 2023. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023.
  77. ^ "Υπόθεση Θεοδωρικάκος: Νέα στοιχεία από την επικοινωνία του ταξίαρχου που κάνει την καταγγελία με συγγενείς" [Citizen Protection Minister Panagiotis Theodorikakos case: New facts from the communication of police brigadier who makes the complaint with relatives] (in Greek). Oikonomikos Taxydromos. 2 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023.
  78. ^ "Οι φωτογραφίες από το κινητό του διοικητή της Άμεσης Δράσης για τον γιο του Θεοδωρικάκου" [Photographs from the mobile phone of the police director of Immediate Action for the son of Citizen Protection Minister Panagiotis Theodorikakos] (in Greek). Oikonomikos Taxydromos. 1 February 2023. Archived from the original on 1 February 2023.
  79. ^ "Γιατί απομακρύνθηκε ο αρχηγός της ΕΛ.ΑΣ" (in Greek). Kathimerini. 21 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023.
  80. ^ Giorgos Sobolos (18 March 2023). "Ανακοίνωση με αιχμές από τον πρώην αρχηγό της ΕΛ.ΑΣ. μετά την απομάκρυνσή του" (in Greek). Athens Voice. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023.
  81. ^ ""Θα τους πάω μέχρι το τέλος", επισημαίνει, σε γραπτή δήλωσή του, ο υπουργός Προστασίας του Πολίτη, Τάκης Θεοδωρικάκος" (in Greek). Proto Thema. 2 February 2023. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023.
  82. ^ "Μήνυση και από τον γιο του Θεοδωρικάκου κατά του αξιωματικού που τον κατήγγειλε" (in Greek). Athens Voice. 2 February 2023. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023.
  83. ^ "Αντιστράτηγος Μιχαήλ Καραμαλάκης" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023.
  84. ^ "Γενικός Γραμματέας Δημόσιας Τάξης" (in Greek). Ministry of Citizen Protection. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  85. ^ "Νέους γενικούς γραμματείς στα υπουργεία Παιδείας και Προστασίας του Πολίτη ανακοίνωσε η κυβέρνηση" (in Greek). Proto Thema. 1 September 2022. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022.
  86. ^ "Μήνυση κατά του απόστρατου αστυνομικού καταθέτει και ο γιος του Θεοδωρικάκου" (in Greek). Proto Thema. 2 February 2023. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023.
  87. ^ "Μήνυση Καραμαλάκη κατά του απόστρατου αστυνομικού για την υπόθεση του γιου του Θεοδωρικάκου" (in Greek). Proto Thema. 3 February 2023. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023.
  88. ^ "Amnesty International: Police violence in Greece". Amnesty International. 3 July 2012. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  89. ^ Costas Kantouris (22 August 2012). "Greece Illegal Immigration: Police Crack Down During Crisis". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 19 January 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  90. ^ "Human Rights Watch, Greece: Halt Mass Migrant Round-Ups". Human Rights Watch. 8 August 2012. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  91. ^ Judith Sunderland (11 October 2012). "Human Rights Watch, Greece: Investigate Allegations of Torture in Custody". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  92. ^ "Riot Police Deliberately Attack Journalists Covering Street Demonstrations". Reporters Without Borders. 6 April 2012. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  93. ^ Silverman, Jon (29 September 2003). "BBC, Were weapons planted on this protester?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  94. ^ "Σκευωρία ΕΛ.ΑΣ. κατά φοιτητή - Τον έπιασαν με πιτζάμες του φόρτωσαν μολότοφ" [Collusion of ELLAS against student: Arrested in his pyjamas, gets loaded with molotov bombs] (in Greek). Eleftherotypia. 10 December 2009. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  95. ^ "Cypriot man awarded €300,000 for police beating". Athens News. 3 May 2012. Archived from the original on 8 June 2012.
  96. ^ "Αθώος ο Αυγουστίνος Δημητρίου για την υπόθεση της "ζαρντινιέρας"" (in Greek). Proto Thema. 2 October 2012. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022.
  97. ^ "Διότι δεν συνεμορφώθην προς τας υποδείξεις…" (in Greek). Documento News. 27 May 2022. Archived from the original on 2 June 2022.
  98. ^ "Δικαιώθηκε από το ΣτΕ και θα αποζημιωθεί με €450.000 ο φοιτητής από την υπόθεση "ζαρντινιέρα"" (in Greek). LiFO. 7 February 2016. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Δέκα χρόνια μετά, ο Αυγουστίνος Δημητρίου δικαιώνεται για την πολύκροτη υπόθεση αστυνομικής βίας εναντίον του στη Θεσσαλονίκη
  99. ^ "Στη δίκη του Γούλα η Διεθνής Αμνηστία: Ιστορικό χρόνιας ατιμωρησίας της αστυνομικής βίας στην Ελλάδα" (in Greek). Kontra News. 20 November 2019. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022.
  100. ^ "Βασίλης Μάγγος - Ξεσπά ο πατέρας του: Ο γιος μας εξευτελίστηκε και κατέρρευσε η ψυχική του υγεία" (in Greek). Proto Thema. 16 July 2020. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022.
  101. ^ Spyropoulos, Panagiotis (16 July 2020). "Θάνατος 26χρονου στο Βόλο: Εν αναμονή των τοξικολογικών - Πνευμονικό οίδημα έδειξε η νεκροψία" (in Greek). The Toc. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020.
  102. ^ "Για τον Βασίλη Μάγγο και το δικαίωμα στην αναπνοή" (in Greek). LiFO. 16 July 2020. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022.
  103. ^ "Εξελίξεις στην υπόθεση Μάγγου – Κακουργηματική δίωξη σε βάρος 6 αστυνομικών". Newsbeast (in Greek). 2024-04-02. Retrieved 2024-04-02.
  104. ^ "Annual Torture Report 2020 – Border Violence Monitoring Network". BVMN. 4 May 2021. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  105. ^ ""Their Faces Were Covered" ‒ Greece's Use of Migrants as Police Auxiliaries in Pushbacks" (in English and Greek). Human Rights Watch. 7 April 2022. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022.
  106. ^ Katy Fallon (28 June 2022). "Revealed: Greek police coerce asylum seekers into pushing fellow migrants back to Turkey". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022.
  107. ^ "Hooligan probe unveils more lapses". Kathimerini. 15 August 2023. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023.
  108. ^ "Police responds to criticism over deadly soccer fan clash". Kathimerini. 8 August 2023. Archived from the original on 10 August 2023.
  109. ^ "Investigation under way into police response to deadly hooligan clash in Athens". Kathimerini. 8 August 2023. Archived from the original on 10 August 2023.
  110. ^ "Seven police officers removed from posts over deadly fan brawl". Kathimerini. 8 August 2023. Archived from the original on 10 August 2023.
  111. ^ "Fan dies in Greece after clashes between rival supporters". Kathimerini. 8 August 2023. Archived from the original on 10 August 2023.
  112. ^ "Fan dies in Greece after clashes between rival supporters. UEFA postpones Champions League qualifier". Kathimerini. 8 August 2023. Archived from the original on 10 August 2023.
  113. ^ "Defenseless against horde of hooligans". Kathimerini. 9 August 2023. Archived from the original on 10 August 2023.
  114. ^ "Nearly 100 Croatian soccer fans face murder, gang-related charges in Greece after deadly violence". Kathimerini. 10 August 2023. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023.
  115. ^ "First 30 charged for Nea Filadelfia clashes transferred to Evelpidon complex". Kathimerini. 11 August 2023. Archived from the original on 12 August 2023.
  116. ^ "Έρευνα από τη ΓΑΔΑ για το περιστατικό με γερανό της ΕΛ.ΑΣ. και διαδηλωτές στο κέντρο της Αθήνας - Δείτε βίντεο" (in Greek). Proto Thema. 16 March 2023. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023.
  117. ^ "Investigation launched into police tow truck ramming". Kathimerini. 17 March 2023. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023.
  118. ^ "Police abuse reports". Kathimerini. 8 March 2023. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023.
  119. ^ "4 police officers arrested for torturing detainee". Kathimerini. 12 March 2023. Archived from the original on 12 March 2023.
  120. ^ "Police officer in court over shooting of Roma teen". Kathimerini. 9 December 2022. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022.
  121. ^ "Clashes at marches protesting death of Roma youth". Kathimerini. 13 December 2022. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022.
  122. ^ "Roma leaders urge calm after teen shot by police dies". Kathimerini. 13 December 2022. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022.
  123. ^ "Teenager shot by police officers dies in hospital". Kathimerini. 13 December 2022. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022.
  124. ^ "Officers charged with raping woman at Athens police station". Kathimerini. 14 October 2022. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
  125. ^ "Η ΕΛ.ΑΣ. επιβεβαιώνει βασανισμό γυναίκας ΑμΕΑ στο Α.Τ. Ομονοίας" [ELAS confirms the torture of disabled woman at Omonia Police Station] (in Greek). Efimerida Syntakton. 21 December 2019. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
  126. ^ "Εικόνες βίας και εξευτελισμού από τους αστυνομικούς στο Αστυνομικό Τμήμα της Ομόνοιας (βίντεο)" (in Greek). Documento. 19 December 2019. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
  127. ^ "Βίντεο - αποκάλυψη αυτή την Κυριακή με το Documento" (in Greek). Documento. 19 December 2019. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023 – via YouTube.
  128. ^ Maria Margaronis (13 December 2008). "How police shooting of a teenage boy rallied the '€700 generation'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022.
  129. ^ "Alexandros Grigoropoulos trial delayed". Kathimerini. 21 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022.
  130. ^ "Witness recounts teenager's shooting". Kathimerini. 24 February 2010. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022.
  131. ^ "Security ramped up in Athens and Thessaloniki for anniversary of teen's 2008 murder". Kathimerini. 6 December 2022. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022.
  132. ^ "Officers sacked over Greek teen's killing to get 1/3 of salary until appeal ruling". Kathimerini. 20 March 2013. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022.
  133. ^ "Police dismisses officers condemned in Alexandros Grigoropoulos murder". Kathimerini. 20 March 2013. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022.
  134. ^ "Epaminondas Korkoneas released from Domokos prison". Kathimerini. 30 July 2019. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022.
  135. ^ "Ex-cop Epaminondas Korkoneas convicted over 2008 teen killing to be released". Kathimerini. 28 June 2022. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022.
  136. ^ a b "Bloody streets". Kathimerini. 9 December 2008. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
  137. ^ "Μιχάλης Καλτεζάς: Οταν από σφαίρα αστυνομικού χάθηκε ακόμη ένα παιδί" (in Greek). Ta Nea. 6 December 2019. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
  138. ^ "Οι αόρατοι νεκροί της δημοκρατίας - Το "εμπόλεμο" στα μετόπισθεν" (in Greek). Archived from the original on 31 March 2022.
  139. ^ "Anti-police riots intensify across Greece". France 24. 8 December 2008. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
  140. ^ "Flower pots and the law". Kathimerini. 21 November 2006. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
  141. ^ "Poor imitation". Kathimerini. 13 November 2019. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
  142. ^ Nikolas, Katerina (6 August 2012). "Greek police arrest 1,130 illegal immigrants in Op. 'Xenios Zeus'". digitaljournal.com. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
  143. ^ Παρέμβαση του ΣΥΡΙΖΑ στα ασφαλίτικα μπλόκα [Intervention of SYRIZA on the police blockades]. left.gr (in Greek). 2012-11-06. Archived from the original on 2012-11-09. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
  144. ^ "Left.gr website" (in Greek). left.gr. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  145. ^ Popotas, Dimitris; Kaliva, Arias (7 November 2012). "Για αντιποίηση αρχής κατηγορεί τον ΣΥΡΙΖΑ το υπουργείο Δημόσιας Τάξης" [The Ministry of Public Order accuses SYRIZA of usurpation of authority]. protothema (in Greek). Proto Thema. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
  146. ^ "Controversy in Parliament over Syriza, police incident". Athens News. 7 November 2012. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
  147. ^ "Το Υπουργείο Δημόσιας Τάξης καταγγέλει ΣΥΡΙΖΑ" (in Greek). To Vima. 7 November 2012. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
  148. ^ "Athens News Agency: Press Review in Greek - 29 June 1998" (in Greek). hri.org. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  149. ^ a b Athanasiou, Areti (17 April 2004). "Aστυνομικοί κάλυπταν τον "Περίανδρο"" (in Greek). Ta Nea. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. O ροπαλοφόρος της «Xρυσής Aυγής» Αντώνης Ανδρουτσόπουλος κυκλοφορεί ελεύθερος έξι χρόνια λόγω των διασυνδέσεών του με αξιωματικούς της EΛ.AΣ. Απόρρητα δελτία αποκαλύπτουν ότι ποτέ δεν έφυγε από την Ελλάδα
  150. ^ "Η Χρυσή Αυγή καταγγέλλει την Αστυνομία και καταθέτει μήνυση για παράβαση καθήκοντος" (in Greek). Peloponnisos Newspaper. 15 March 2012. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013.
  151. ^ "Το παρακράτος εν δράσει 28-6-2011" (in Greek). tvxs.gr. 29 June 2011. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022 – via Dailymotion on 29 June 2011.
  152. ^ Nanos, Kostas; Psara, Maria (2 July 2011). "Απολλώνειο φως στον ελληνικό εθνικοσοσιαλισμό" (in Greek). To Ethnos. Archived from the original on 5 July 2011.
  153. ^ "Στο στόχαστρο η σκιώδης σχέση Χρυσής Αυγής με ΕΛ.ΑΣ" (in Greek). news247.gr. 15 July 2012. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022.
  154. ^ Alderman, Liz (10 July 2012). "Greek Far Right Hangs a Target on Immigrants". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012.
  155. ^ "Hate on the Streets - Xenophobic Violence in Greece" (in English and Greek). Human Rights Watch. 10 July 2012. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021.
  156. ^ Smith, Helena (28 September 2012). "Far-right Golden Dawn party filling vacuum for those neglected by state after MPs elected to fight 'immigrant scum'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022.
  157. ^ Lampropoulos, Vasilis (10 October 2012). "Ένας στους δύο αστυνομικούς ψήφισαν "Χρυσή Αυγή"" (in Greek). To Vima. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022.
  158. ^ "27-5-2014: Συνέντευξη του Υπουργού Δημόσιας Τάξης και Προστασίας του Πολίτη Νίκου Δένδια στο ραδιοφωνικό σταθμό Βήμα FM 99,5 και στους δημοσιογράφους Άρη Ραβανό και Μπάμπη Παπαπαναγιώτου - Υπουργείο Προστασίας του Πολίτη". Ministry of Citizen Protection. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  159. ^ "Ψήφισαν οι αστυνομικοί τη Χρυσή Αυγή;" (in Greek). inews.gr. 30 May 2014. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022.
  160. ^ "ΕΛ.ΑΣ.: Επισφαλείς οι εκτιμήσεις για υψηλά ποσοστά αστυνομικών που ψήφισαν Χ.Α." (in Greek). Naftemporiki. 27 May 2014. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021.
  161. ^ "Officer took part in market attack". Kathimerini. 11 September 2012. Archived from the original on 21 December 2012.
  162. ^ Margaronis, Maria (9 October 2012). "Fifteen people arrested in Athens says they were subjected to what their lawyer describes as an Abu Ghraib-style humiliation". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013.
  163. ^ "Fascists beating up people while the police look on". The Guardian. 12 October 2012. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013.
  164. ^ Papanagnou, Vaios (11 October 2012). "Δημοσιογράφος ξυλοκοπείται από την Χρυσή Αυγή" (in Greek). To Vima. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021.
  165. ^ "Αστυνομικοί ίδρυσαν σωματείο που θα υπερασπίζεται ΛΟΑΤΚΙ ένστολους και γυναίκες αστυνομικούς" (in Greek). economy365.gr. 1 June 2018. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  166. ^ "Ιδρύθηκε το πρώτο ελληνικό σωματείο για τα δικαιώματα των ΛΟΑΤΚΙ αστυνομικών" (in Greek). Proto Thema. 31 May 2018. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021.
  167. ^ Smith, Helena (3 May 2022). "Greek court acquits four police officers over death of LGBT activist". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022.
  168. ^ Stamataki, Aggeliki (9 December 2021). "Φιλικός αγώνας ποδοσφαίρου προσφύγων και αστυνομικών για τα ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα" (in Greek). efsyn.gr. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022.
  169. ^ "Αγώνας Αστυνομικών και Προσφύγων ενάντια στην Ομοφοβία" (in Greek). bloko.gr. 23 May 2022. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022.
  170. ^ "Πανελλήνια Ομοσπονδία Αστυνομικών Υπαλλήλων (Π.Ο.ΑΣ.Υ.)" [Panhellenic Federation of Police Employees (POASY)] (in Greek). POASY. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  171. ^ "Δράση Αστυνομικών ενάντια στον Ρατσισμό: Διεκδικούμε μια Αστυνομία με πολύ διαφορετική αποστολή" (in Greek). efsyn.gr. 10 June 2017. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022.
  172. ^ "Police to don body cameras". Kathimerini. 20 December 2022. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023.
  173. ^ "Κάμερες στις στολές αστυνομικών των ομάδων ΔΡΑΣΗ και ΟΠΚΕ (εικόνες)" (in Greek). Kathimerini. 23 October 2021. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021.
  174. ^ "Handful of officers to carry body cameras". Kathimerini. 23 March 2021. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021.
  175. ^ "Police to launch tender at end-October for body cameras". Kathimerini. 12 October 2022. Archived from the original on 12 October 2022.
  176. ^ "There are the portable body cameras to have the Greek policemen" (in Greek). News Auto. 10 July 2023. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023.
  177. ^ "Δελτία Τύπου και Ανακοινώσεις που αφορούν την Αστυνομική Ακαδημία" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  178. ^ "Πανελλαδικές 2022: Αστυνομικές Σχολές - Η εγκύκλιος για την εισαγωγή, οι βάσεις και η ΕΒΕ" (in Greek). alfavita.gr. 12 February 2022. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022.
  179. ^ "Hellenic Police Academy" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  180. ^ "Σχολή Αξιωματικών Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  181. ^ "Hellenic Police Officers' School's Qualification of Studies - Level 6". eoppep.gr. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  182. ^ "Σχολή Αστυφυλάκων Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  183. ^ "Πτυχίο Αστυφύλακα - Σχολή Αστυφυλάκων Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας". proson.eoppep.gr (in Greek). Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  184. ^ "Σχολή Μετεκπαίδευσης - Επιμόρφωσης Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  185. ^ "Σχολή Εθνικής Ασφάλειας" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  186. ^ "Hellenic Police: Theoretical and practical training". Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  187. ^ "Ειδικοί φρουροί" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023.
  188. ^ "Προκήρυξη διαγωνισμού για την πρόσληψη (1.500) Ειδικών Φρουρών στην Ελληνική Αστυνομία (έντυπο)" (PDF) (in Greek). Hellenic Police. 6 August 2019. pp. 1–47. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 March 2023.
  189. ^ "06-09-2019: Πίνακες κατ' αρχήν πληρούντων τα προσόντα και αυτών που δεν πληρούν τα προσόντα και τις προϋποθέσεις για πρόσληψη ως Ειδικοί Φρουροί, καθώς και ανακοίνωση του Αρχηγείου της Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας, αναφορικά με δικαίωμα άσκησης ένστασης" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. 7 September 2019. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023.
  190. ^ "06-08-2019: Προκήρυξη διαγωνισμού για την πρόσληψη (1.500) Ειδικών Φρουρών στην Ελληνική Αστυνομία" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023.
  191. ^ "Προκηρύξεις Πρόσληψης Προσωπικού - Προκηρύξεις - Διαγωνισμοί - Χρηματοδοτούμενες Δράσεις κ.λπ" (in Greek). Hellenic Police.
  192. ^ "Ποια είναι τα κριτήρια εισαγωγής στο προσωπικό των Ειδικών Φρουρών της Αστυνομίας;" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023.
  193. ^ "Προσλήψεις Προσωπικού" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. 7 February 2008. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023.
  194. ^ Drouga, Lina (25 August 2019). "Προσλήψεις αστυνομίας: 10.500 οι αιτήσεις για τους ειδικούς φρουρούς - Κεντρικό Δελτίο Ειδήσεων 25/08/2019 - OPEN TV". Central News (in Greek). 24:32 minutes in. Open TV. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023 – via YouTube.
  195. ^ "Υπηρεσία Εσωτερικών Υποθέσεων Σωμάτων Ασφαλείας (Υ.Ε.Υ.Σ.Α.)" [Internal Affairs Service Agency of Law Enforcement Bodies] (in Greek). Ministry of Citizen Protection. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  196. ^ "Συστήνεται ενιαία Υπηρεσία Εσωτερικών Υποθέσεων σε ΕΛ.ΑΣ και Λιμενικό" (in Greek). Naftemporiki. 16 May 2019. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023.
  197. ^ "Police border guard convicted over forged school certificate". Kathimerini. 19 October 2018. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021.
  198. ^ "Probe ordered into Greek border guards' cohabitation agreements". Kathimerini. 14 February 2023. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023.
  199. ^ "Ο υπουργός Προστασίας του Πολίτη διέταξε τη διεξαγωγή διοικητικής έρευνας - Περισσότερα από 100 Σύμφωνα Συμβίωσης έχουν γίνει μετά την πρόσληψη των νέων Συνοριοφυλάκων" (in Greek). Proto Thema. 13 February 2023. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023.
  200. ^ "20 Greek police officers, including high-ranking commanders, arrested in illegal naturalization ring". Oikonomikos Taxydromos. 1 December 2021. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023.
  201. ^ "Seven police among 14 arrested for immigration offenses". Kathimerini. 18 October 2022. Archived from the original on 18 October 2022.
  202. ^ "Two police officers arrested on drug dealing charges". Kathimerini. 27 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021.
  203. ^ "Στο Παλαιό Φάληρο υπηρετούσε ο 33χρονος αστυνομικός που έκανε διακίνηση ναρκωτικών»" [In the Palio Faliro suburb of Attica he was serviced the 33-year-old policeman who made drugs distribution] (in Greek). Proto Thema. 10 April 2023. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023.
  204. ^ "Αστυφύλακας διακινούσε ναρκωτικά με περιπολικό" [Police constable distributes drugs with police car] (in Greek). Proto Thema. 9 April 2023. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023.
  205. ^ "Crooked officers suspended after probe". Proto Thema. 11 April 2023. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023.
  206. ^ "Μαφία αλά ελληνικά - Ο "Μανιάτης", τα 3 αδέρφια αστυνομικοί και οι 64 μαφιόζοι" (in Greek). Proto Thema. 24 April 2023. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
[edit]