Isaac Penington (Lord Mayor)

Sir Isaac Penington
Member of the English Parliament for City of London
In office 1640–1653
Preceded by	Parliament suspended since 1629
Succeeded by	Robert Tichborne John Ireton Samuel Moyer John Langley John Stone Henry Barton Praise-God Barebone
Lord Mayor of London
In office 1642–1642
Preceded by	Sir Richard Gurney, 1st Baronet
Succeeded by	Sir John Wollaston
Personal details
Born	c. 1584
Died	(1661-12-16)16 December 1661 Tower of London, England
Children	Isaac Penington Judith Penington
Parent	Robert Penington (father)

Sir Isaac Penington^[1] (c. 1584 – 16 December 1661)^[2] was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1653. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1642 and a prominent member of Oliver Cromwell's government.

Penington was the son of Robert Penington and followed him in becoming a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers. He inherited several estates from his father and purchased one of his own. He made a fortune as a wine and cloth merchant. From 1626 he acted as financial agent to his second cousin, Admiral John Penington. He increased his commercial holdings in 1629 by becoming a partner in the brewery business of his second wife's family. He and his wife, Mary, the widow of Roger Wilkinson, a Citizen of the City of London,^[3] were both staunch Puritans.

In 1638 Penington was elected Sheriff of London and became an alderman of the City of London for Bridge Without ward on 29 January 1639. He was Prime Warden of the Fishmongers Company in 1640.^[4]

In April 1640 Penington was elected a member of parliament (MP) for the City of London in the Short Parliament.^[5] He was re-elected MP for City of London for the Long Parliament in November 1640 and sat until 1653.^[6] On 16 August 1642 Parliament appointed him Lord Mayor of London after removing the Royalist Sir Richard Gurney, 1st Baronet from the position. He became Colonel of the White Regiment, London Trained Bands, in 1642^[7][8] and from 1642 to 1645 he was Lieutenant of the Tower of London.^[4] In that capacity he was present during the execution of William Laud. He became Governor of the Levant Company in 1644, retaining the position to 1654.^[4]

In January 1649, Penington was appointed a commissioner of the High Court of Justice at the trial of King Charles, but he was not one of the signatories of the King's death warrant. He served on the Rump's Council of State and on several government committees. He was made a knight in 1649. From 1650 he was the sole representative of the City of London in the Rump Parliament until it was forcibly ejected by Oliver Cromwell on 30 April 1653.^[9]

After the Restoration, he was tried for high treason and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Tower of London, where he died on the night of 16 December 1661.^[10]

Penington married twice:^[11]

• Firstly, in 1614–15, to Abigail Allen, a daughter of John Allen of the City of London, by whom he had six children:
  • Isaac Penington (1616–1679), the Quaker;^[12]
  • Arthur Penington, who became a Roman Catholic priest, and was living in 1676;
  • William Penington (1622–1689), a merchant of London, who also became a quaker and follower of John Perrot;
  • Abigail Penington (married about November 1641);
  • Bridget Penington;
  • Judith Penington. An acquaintance of Samuel Pepys.^[13] Letters from Isaac Penington the younger to his sister Judith imply that she also became a quaker.
• Secondly he married Mary Young, a daughter of Matthew Young, and widow of Roger Wilkinson, a Citizen of the City of London.^[14]

• List of lord mayors of London
• List of sheriffs of London

• Beaven, Alfred P. (1908). "'Chronological list of aldermen: 1601-1650', The Aldermen of the City of London: Temp. Henry III – 1912". pp. 47–75, 261–297. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
• Keith Roberts, London And Liberty: Ensigns of the London Trained Bands, Eastwood, Nottinghamshire: Partizan Press, 1987, ISBN 0-946525-16-1.
• House of Lords (4 June 1660). "4 June 1660". Volume 11: 1660-1666 (1767-1830). House of Lords Journal. Vol. 11. pp. 51–53. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
• House of Lords (2 February 1662). "7 February 1662". Volume 11: 1660-1666 (1767-1830). House of Lords Journal. Vol. 11. pp. 51–53. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
• Willis, Browne (1750). Notitia Parliamentaria, Part II: A Series or Lists of the Representatives in the several Parliaments held from the Reformation 1541, to the Restoration 1660 ... London. pp. 229, 233, 240, 246.
• Lindley, Keith (2004). "Penington, Isaac (c.1584–1661)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21840. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• British Civil War Project Archived 14 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine

• Plant, David. "Biography of Isaac Penington, mayor of London, regicide". British Civil Wars website. cites Keith Lindley (2004). "Isaac Penington". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Penington, Sir Isaac" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 89–90.