Katzenellenbogen is a Jewish Ashkenazi surname derived from the name of the former County of Katzenelnbogen, a small medieval state of the German Empire[1] (see also Katzenelnbogen Castle and town). Protection money paid by Jews was the main source of income for the small principality.[1] Different spellings of the toponym and surname include Katzenelenbogen and Katznelbogen,[1] with further derivative forms and spellings of the surname like Katsenelenbogen, Catzenellenbogen, Katzin, Katz, Elbogen/Ellenbogen and Bogen.
- Aharon Katzenellenbogen (born 1893), one of the two principal founders of the Neturei Karta sect.
- Benita Katzenellenbogen (born 1945), American biologist
- Boris D. Bogen (1869–1929), born Katzenelenbogen, Russian-born Jewish-American educator and social worker
- Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen (1882–after 1955), Austrian-Polish and American eugenicist and physician in the Buchenwald concentration camp (also known as Katzenellenbogen)
- Eyran Katsenelenbogen (born 1965), Israeli-born American jazz pianist
- Ezekiel Katzenellenbogen (about 1670–1749), Polish-German rabbi
- Gershon Ellenbogen (1917–2003), British barrister, author and Liberal Party politician (born Katzenellenbogen)
- John Katzenellenbogen (born 1944), American professor of chemistry
- Konrad Kellen (1913–2007), German-born American political scientist, intelligence analyst and author. (born Katzenellenbogen)
- Ludwig Katzenellenbogen (1877–1944), German brewery director
- Meir ben Isaac Katzenellenbogen (died 1565), Italian rabbi
- Ostap Ortwin (1876–1942), whose real name was Oskar Katzenellenbogen, Polish journalist and literary critic
- Samuel Judah Katzenellenbogen, Italian rabbi, son of Meir Katzenellenbogen
- Stephen M. Kellen [de] (1914–2004), German-American banker and philanthropist (born Katzenellenbogen)
- Tamara Katsenelenbogen (1894–1976), Russian architect
"Son of" (Katznelson)
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Katzeneleson, Kazenelson, Kaznelson are further variations of the name[1] by addition of the ending -son, 'son (of)'.