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Leprecan

Not to be confused with Leprechaun.
leucine proline-enriched proteoglycan (leprecan) 1
Identifiers
SymbolLEPRE1
NCBI gene64175
HGNC19316
OMIM610339
PDB8K0M
RefSeqNM_022356
UniProtQ32P28
Other data
LocusChr. 1 p34.1
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro

Leprecan is a protein associated with osteogenesis imperfecta[1] type VIII.

Leprecan is part of a superfamily of 2OG-Fe(II) dioxygenase, along with DNA repair protein AlkB, and disease resistant EGL-9. The enzyme was found to be a type of hydroxylases used in the substrate formation of protein glycosylation.[2]

Activities

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Leprecan, a proteoglycan, has demonstrated prolyl hydroxylase activity; prolyl hydroxylases hydroxylate proline residues.[3] Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1, P3H1, forms a larger complex with CRTAP and cyclophilin B, CyPB, in the endoplasimic reticulum. The complex hydroxylates a single proline residue, Pro986, on collagen chains.[4] Recessive forms of Osteogenesis Imperfecta are partly caused by a mutation in the LEPRE1 gene. The mutation in the gene encodes prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1. The malfunctioning prolyl 3-hydroxylase in leprecan leads to inappropriate collagen folding. This is due to the instability caused by the absence of hydroxyproline. Hydroxyproline is the product of hydroxylating a proline residue.[5]

Structure

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Leprecan, also known as P3H1, forms a tight complex with CRTAP and cyclophilin B (PPIB), a collagen processing enzyme complex named PCP complex (P3H1-CRTAP-PPIB). Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies have revealed that the PCP complex consists of P3H1, CRTAP, and PPIB in a 1:1:1 stoichiometry.[6] The complex features a "face-to-face" spatial arrangement, with the prolyl hydroxylation site of the C-terminal domain of P3H1 and the prolyl isomerization site of PPIB positioned at the "top" of the complex. Below these dual-catalytic sites lies an X-shaped base formed by CRTAP and the N-terminal domain of P3H1, which exhibit similar 3D foldings. The surface of the PCP complex also harbors several potential collagen-binding sites, as indicated by EM density corresponding to a synthetic peptide with the COL1A1 sequence. Furthermore, the PCP complex has the ability to dimerize, forming a hexameric structure.

References

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  1. ^ Cabral WA, Chang W, Barnes AM, Weis M, Scott MA, Leikin S, Makareeva E, Kuznetsova NV, Rosenbaum KN, Tifft CJ, Bulas DI, Kozma C, Smith PA, Eyre DR, Marini JC (March 2007). "Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 deficiency causes a recessive metabolic bone disorder resembling lethal/severe osteogenesis imperfecta". Nature Genetics. 39 (3): 359–65. doi:10.1038/ng1968. PMC 7510175. PMID 17277775.
  2. ^ Aravind L, Koonin EV (2001-02-19). "The DNA-repair protein AlkB, EGL-9, and leprecan define new families of 2-oxoglutarate- and iron-dependent dioxygenases". Genome Biology. 2 (3): RESEARCH0007. doi:10.1186/gb-2001-2-3-research0007. PMC 30706. PMID 11276424.
  3. ^ Lauer M, Scruggs B, Chen S, Wassenhove-McCarthy D, McCarthy KJ (July 2007). "Leprecan distribution in the developing and adult kidney". Kidney International. 72 (1): 82–91. doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5002269. PMID 17495866.
  4. ^ Chang W, Barnes AM, Cabral WA, Bodurtha JN, Marini JC (January 2010). "Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 and CRTAP are mutually stabilizing in the endoplasmic reticulum collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation complex". Human Molecular Genetics. 19 (2): 223–34. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddp481. PMC 2796888. PMID 19846465.
  5. ^ Homan EP, Lietman C, Grafe I, Lennington J, Morello R, Napierala D, Jiang MM, Munivez EM, Dawson B, Bertin TK, Chen Y, Lua R, Lichtarge O, Hicks J, Weis MA, Eyre D, Lee BH (January 2014). "Differential effects of collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation on skeletal tissues". PLOS Genetics. 10 (1): e1004121. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004121. PMC 3900401. PMID 24465224.
  6. ^ Li, Wenguo; Peng, Junjiang; Yao, Deqiang; Rao, Bing; Xia, Ying; Wang, Qian; Li, Shaobai; Cao, Mi; Shen, Yafeng; Ma, Peixiang; Liao, Rijing; Qin, An; Zhao, Jie; Cao, Yu (2024-09-08). "The structural basis for the collagen processing by human P3H1/CRTAP/PPIB ternary complex". Nature Communications. 15 (1): 7844. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-52321-6. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 11381544.
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