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List of Chinese astronauts

Chinese taikonauts on a 2010 counterfeit Somalia stamp

This is a list of Chinese astronauts, sometimes called taikonauts. The list includes people trained by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft.

As the Chinese space program developed during the sixties, various proposals for crewed spacecraft were made. The first crewed spacecraft proposed by the People's Republic of China during the late 1960s and early 1970s was the Shuguang One which was expected to bring the first Chinese astronaut in 1973 into space.[1] For this programme 19 astronauts were selected in 1971.[1] However, shortly after these plans were made, several leading scientists attached to the project were denounced, bringing progress to a standstill.[1] Instead, NASA astronaut Taylor Wang, a naturalized U.S. citizen born in China, became the first ethnically Chinese person in space in 1985.

The People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps was established in 1998 for the selection of Shenzhou program astronauts.[2] In 2003, Yang Liwei was launched aboard Shenzhou 5, becoming the first person sent into space by the Chinese space program.[3] This achievement made China the third country to independently send humans into space. During the Shenzhou 7 mission in 2008, Zhai Zhigang became the first Chinese citizen to carry out a spacewalk.[4] In 2012, Liu Yang became the first Chinese woman to be launched into space aboard Shenzhou 9 and also the first aboard a space station Tiangong-1.[5] In 2021, Wang Yaping became the first Chinese woman to walk in space during the Shenzhou 13 mission.[6] In 2023, Gui Haichao became the first civilian astronaut not enlisted in the People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps and is the first mission payload specialist.[7] In 2024, Wang Haoze became the third Chinese woman to travel to space on the Shenzhou 19 mission and is the only female spaceflight engineer.[8]

As of October 2024, twenty-four Chinese nationals have traveled in space.

Astronauts

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Flown

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Name Name in Chinese Photograph Mission(s) (dates) Notes
Yang Liwei 杨利伟 Shenzhou 5 (October 15, 2003) First Chinese national in space. First solo person in space who was not flown on a Soviet/Russian or American spacecraft.
Fei Junlong 费俊龙 Shenzhou 6 (October 12–16, 2005)
Shenzhou 15 (November 29, 2022–June 3, 2023) 		Commander of the first two-person Chinese crew in space.
Nie Haisheng 聂海胜 Shenzhou 6 (October 12–16, 2005)
Shenzhou 10 (June 11–26, 2013)
Shenzhou 12 (June 17–September 17, 2021) 		Member of the first two-person Chinese crew in space.
Jing Haipeng 景海鹏 Shenzhou 7 (September 25–28, 2008)
Shenzhou 9 (June 16–29, 2012)
Shenzhou 11 (October 17–November 18, 2016)
Shenzhou 16 (May 30, 2023–October 31, 2023) 		Member of the first three-person Chinese crew in space. First repeat Chinese national in space. Commander of the first Chinese crew to achieve crewed spacecraft docking.
Liu Boming 刘伯明 Shenzhou 7 (September 25–28, 2008)
Shenzhou 12 (June 17–September 17, 2021) 		Member of the first three-person Chinese crew in space.
Zhai Zhigang 翟志刚 Shenzhou 7 (September 25–28, 2008)
Shenzhou 13 (October 15, 2021–April 16, 2022) 		First Chinese national to walk in space. Commander of the first Chinese three-person crew in space.
Liu Wang 刘旺 Shenzhou 9 (June 16–29, 2012) Member of the first Chinese crew to achieve crewed spacecraft docking.
Liu Yang 刘洋 Shenzhou 9 (June 16–29, 2012)
Shenzhou 14 (June 5–December 4, 2022) 		First Chinese woman in space. Member of first Chinese crew to achieve crewed spacecraft docking.
Zhang Xiaoguang 张晓光 Shenzhou 10 (June 11–26, 2013) Conducted crewed spacecraft rendezvous and docking.
Wang Yaping 王亚平 Shenzhou 10 (June 11–26, 2013)
Shenzhou 13 (October 15, 2021–April 16, 2022) 		Second Chinese female taikonaut and the first Chinese woman to travel twice in space. First Chinese woman to walk in space.
Chen Dong 陈冬 Shenzhou 11 (October 17–November 18, 2016)
Shenzhou 14 (June 5–December 4, 2022) 		Conducted multiple space experiments.
Tang Hongbo 汤洪波 Shenzhou 12 (June 17–September 17, 2021)
Shenzhou 17 (October 26, 2023-April 30, 2024)
Ye Guangfu 叶光富 Shenzhou 13 (October 15, 2021–April 16, 2022)
Shenzhou 18 (April 25, 2024–November 4, 2024)
Cai Xuzhe 蔡旭哲 Shenzhou 14 (June 5–December 4, 2022)
Shenzhou 19 (October 29, 2024–present)
Deng Qingming 邓清明 Shenzhou 15 (November 29, 2022–June 3, 2023)
Zhang Lu 张陆 Shenzhou 15 (November 29, 2022–June 3, 2023)
Zhu Yangzhu 朱杨柱 Shenzhou 16 (May 30, 2023–October 31, 2023)
Gui Haichao 桂海潮 Shenzhou 16 (May 30, 2023–October 31, 2023) First payload specialist, first civilian taikonaut in space
Tang Shengjie 唐胜杰 Shenzhou 17 (October 26, 2023–April 30, 2024)
Jiang Xinlin 江新林 Shenzhou 17 (October 26, 2023–April 30, 2024)
Li Cong 李聪 Shenzhou 18 (April 25, 2024–November 4, 2024)
Li Guangsu 李广苏 Shenzhou 18 (April 25, 2024–November 4, 2024)
Song Lingdong 宋令东 Shenzhou 19 (October 29, 2024–present)
Wang Haoze 王浩泽 Shenzhou 19 (October 29, 2024–present) Third Chinese female taikonaut and the first Chinese female spaceflight engineer.

By selection group

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Shuguang Group (May 1970)
Group 1
October 1996
January 1998
Group 2 (March 2010)[10][11]
Group 3 (October 2020)[12]

China announced that 18 people, 17 men and 1 woman, had been selected as new astronauts. The positions were broken down as 7 spacecraft pilots ("aviators of the People's Liberation Army Air Force"), 7 flight engineers ("former researchers or technicians in aeronautics, astronautics and other related fields"), and 4 mission payload specialists ("those involved in space science and through applications for China's manned space program").

As of October 2023, only names of those selected to fly to space have been revealed.

Group 4 (October 2022)[13]

China announced that 12 to 14 people are to be selected as new astronauts. The positions were broken down as 7-8 spacecraft pilots ("aviators of the People's Liberation Army Air Force") and 5-6 spaceflight engineers ("former researchers or technicians in aeronautics, astronautics and other related fields"). Up to two of the latter group will become payload specialists ("those involved in space science and through applications for China's manned space program"). Candidacy was extended to include Hong Kong and Macau.

On June 11, 2024 China announced 10 candidate astronauts, including 8 spacecraft pilots and 2 payload specialists from Hong Kong SAR and Macau SAR. Reports prior to this announcement revealed that Lai Ka-Ying of Hong Kong was one of the women selected in the fourth group. The new astronauts will train for two years for both space station missions and crewed lunar missions.[14][15]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "Shuguang 1". Archived from the original on 2007-07-14. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  2. ^ Xi, Qixin; Fan, Juwei; Liu, Cheng (2003-10-17). Xu, Dongmei (ed.). "中国航天员诞生记" [Birth of Chinese Astronauts]. Xinhua.net. Xinhua. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
  3. ^ "Shenzhou 5". Archived from the original on 2011-06-28. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  4. ^ "Shenzhou 7". Archived from the original on September 28, 2008. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  5. ^ Jonathan Amos (18 June 2012). "Shenzhou-9 docks with Tiangong-1". BBC News.
  6. ^ "Shenzhou-13 Crew Conducts First Extravehicular Activities, Wang Yaping Becomes First Female Chinese Astronaut to Spacewalk". Pandaily. 2021-11-08. Retrieved 2021-11-11.
  7. ^ "China to send its first civilian astronaut into space". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2023-05-29.
  8. ^ "神十九乘组王浩泽，本硕毕业于东南大学，系我国目前唯一的女航天飞行工程师" [Wang Haoze, a member of the Shenzhou 19 crew, graduated from Southeast University with a bachelor's and master's degree. She is currently the only female aerospace flight engineer in my country.]. Xinhua News Agency (in Chinese). 2024-10-29. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
  9. ^ a b c d e Xue, Yanwen; Shan, Ruchao; Li, Xiaofan (2018-01-24). Yang, Ru (ed.). "中国航天员:矢志飞天 初心不改" [Chinese Astronauts: Dedicated to Space Flight, Remain True to Original Intention]. Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on November 12, 2018. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
  10. ^ China 2, spacefacts.de
  11. ^ Space.com, "Names of China's Secret Astronauts Revealed by Autographed Envelope", Robert Z. Pearlman, 7 December 2011
  12. ^ Lei, Zhao. "18 picked for nation's 3rd generation of astronauts". China Daily. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  13. ^ "China begins recruitment for 4th batch of astronauts". Space.com. 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  14. ^ Jones, Andrew (11 June 2024). "China selects new batch of astronauts with an eye on the moon". spacenews.com. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  15. ^ Jones, Andrew (29 October 2024). "China selects 2 proposals for crewed moon rover". spacenews.com. Retrieved 29 October 2024.