Kashmiri livelihood, kinship and descent is one of the major concepts of the cultural anthropology of the Kashmiri people. Hindu Kashmiris and Muslim Kashmiris living in the Kashmir Valley of Jammu and Kashmir region of India are from the same ethnic stock. Kashmir is home to a variety of tribes, each with its distinct traditions, customs, and ways of life. These tribes, often tied to specific regions within Kashmir, have historically played key roles in the social and cultural fabric of the area. While some of them have migrated to different regions of the Indian subcontinent the tribes of Kashmir still have unique languages, social structures, and professions that contribute to the rich cultural diversity of the region.
Kashmiri tribes/castes
[edit]- Bhat/Butt[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
- Mir[4]
- Dhar/Dar[2][3][4][9][10][6]
- Drabu[4]
- Lone[4]
- Malik[4]
- Sheikh[4]
- Kaul[11]
- Raina[12][13][10]
- Kak[9][13]
- Kaw[7][8]
- Kachru[9][10][6][7][8]
- Kichlu[13]
- Mantu/Mantoo[4][6]
- Khan[4]
- Fotedar[9][10][2]
- Haksar[13][5]
- Handoo[13][6]
- Wali[4]
- Tantray[4]
- Parray[4]
- Parimoo[5][7][8]
- Mattoo[6][13][5][9]
- Naqashbandi[4]
- Pandit[3][9][5][10][6]
- Khawaja[4]
- Rajguru
- Badakhshi[4]
- Bhan[9][13]
- Bazaz[13][5]
- Andrabi[4]
- Bakshi/Bakhshi[13]
- Rather[4]
- Razdan[9][13]
- Munshi[9][13][5]
- Sapru[9][13][11]
- Shah[4]
- Thussu[13][9][10]
- Tikoo[13][9]
- Zutshi[13]
- Magre/Magray[4]
- Yatoo[4]
- Ganaie[5][13]
- Wanchoo[13]
- Wazir[13]
- Madan[9][10]
- Wani[14]
- Nengud/Nengroo
- Sofi/Sufi
- Daloo/Dulloo
- Tasir/Taseer
See also
[edit]- Kashmiris
- Kashmiri diaspora
- Kashmiri Muslims
- Kashmiri Pandit
- Kashmiris of Punjab
- List of Kashmiris
- Dynasties of ancient Kashmir
- History of Jammu and Kashmir
References
[edit]- ^ The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India, Volume 52. The Survey. 2003. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
The But/Butt of Punjab were originally Brahmin migrants from Kashmir during 1878 famine.
- ^ a b c Explore Kashmiri Pandits. Dharma Publications. ISBN 9780963479860. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
- ^ a b c Brower & Johnston 2016, p. 130: "Sheikh: local converts, subdivided into numerous subgroups. Most largely retain their family names, or patronyms (kram), indicating their original profession, locality or community-such as Khar (carpenter), Pampori (a place), Butt and Pandit (Brahmin), Dar (kshatriya)-but with increasing Islamization, some have dropped these"
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Proceedings - Indian History Congress, Volume 63. Indian History Congress. 2003. p. 867. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
...the Muslims also retained their Hindu caste-names known as Krams e.g. Tantre, Nayak, Magre, Rather, Lone, Bat, Dar, Parray, Mantu, Yatoo/Aitu
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ahmad, Khalid Bashir (23 June 2017). Kashmir: Exposing the Myth Behind the Narrative. SAGE Publishing. ISBN 9789386062819. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
One would come across among Muslims of Kashmir any number of surnames that are equally common among the Pandits. Among these are Bhat, Raina, Nath, Langoo, Malla, Bazaz, Saraf, Munshi, Watal, Wali, Khar, Shangloo, Nehru, Gagar, Kharoo, Aga, Jalali, Peer, Pandit, Parimoo and Mattoo.
- ^ a b c d e f g Clements, William M.; Green, Thomas A. (2006). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore and Folklife: Southeast Asia and India, Central and East Asia, Middle East. Greenwood Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-313-32849-7.
A variety of Hindu surnames such as Dar, Bhatt, Handoo, Kachru, Kichlu, Matoo and Pandit persist in Muslim families.
- ^ a b c d Anwar, Tarique; Bhat, Rajesh (23 February 2008). "Kashmiryat in Kashmiri surnames". Two Circles. Archived from the original on 26 February 2008. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
Similarly, Mirza, Dhar or Dar, Bhat, Kaul, Akhoon, Chakoo, Durrani, Kachroo, Draboo, Kaloo, Kanna, Kaw, Khar, Khuda, Kitchloo, Munshi, Machama, Mirza, Padar, Parimoo and Raina are a few typical surnames that are used by both Hindus, and Muslims of Kashmir!
- ^ a b c d Kaul, Upendra (4 September 2020). "My name is Khan, and I'm Kaul". Greater Kashmir. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
Similarly, Mirza, Dhar or Dar, Bhat, Akhoon, Chakoo, Durrani, Kachroo, Draboo, Kaloo, Kanna, Kaw, Khar, Khuda, Kitchloo, Munshi, Machama, Mirza, Padar, Parimoo and Raina are a few typical surnames that are used by both Hindus, and Muslims of Kashmir
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lawrence, Sir Walter Roper (2005). The Valley of Kashmir. Asian Educational Services. p. 304. ISBN 978-81-206-1630-1.
Among the leading Krams may be mentioned the following names:— Tikku, Razdan, Kak, Munshi, Mathu, Kachru, Pandit, Sapru, Bhan, Zitshu, Raina, Dar, Fotadar, Madan, Thusu, Wangnu, Muju, Hokhu, and Dulu.
- ^ a b c d e f g Raina, Mohini Qasba (13 November 2014). Kashur The Kashmiri Speaking People: Analytical Perspective. Partridge Singapore. p. 55. ISBN 9781482899450. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
Among the leading Krams may be mentioned the following names: Tikku, Razdan, Kak, Munshi, Mathu, Kachru, Pandit, Sipru, Bhan, Zitshu, Raina, Dhar, Fotadar, Madan, Thusu, Wangnu, Muju, Hokhu, and Dulu. Of these the members of the Dhar family have probably been the most influential.
- ^ a b Schofield, Victoria (2003). Kashmir in conflict. I.B. Tauris & Co. p. 4. ISBN 1860648983. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
...looms rose to 24,000 by 1813. Despite the religious oppression that many hindus were subjected , they were however, useful to the Afghans because of their administrative experience. Kashmiri Pandits were not prevented into entering into government service & there were some families whose names consistently appear in public service - the Dhars, Kauls, Tikkus & Saprus.
- ^ Brower, Barbara; Johnston, Barbara Rose (2016). Disappearing Peoples?: Indigenous Groups and Ethnic Minorities in South and Central Asia. Routledge. ISBN 9781315430393.
Kashmiri Hindus are all Saraswat brahmins, known by the exonym Pandit (the endonym being Batta), a term first reserved for emigrant Kashmiri brahmins in Mughal service. Their surnames (kram) designate their original professions or their ancestors' nicknames (e.g., Hakim, Kaul, Dhar, Raina, Teng).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Agrawal, Premendra (20 August 2014). Accursed & Jihadi Neighbour. Commercial Services. p. 86. ISBN 9788193051207. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
Meaning of surnames found on the Kashmiri Pandit tree: Bakaya, Sapru, Bakshi, Munshi, Wazir, Chalkbast, Bhan, Langar or Langroo, Wattal, Bazaz, Taimini, Mattu, Chak, Zalpuri, Khar, Hazari, Zutshi, Razdan, Tikhu, Kathju, sopori, Thussoo, Haksar, Raina, Waloo or Wali, Wantu/Wanchu, Gamkhwar, Kakh, Mushran, Sharga, Handoo, Gurtu, Kitchlu, and Ganjoo.
- ^ Hasan, Amir; Anthropological Survey of India, eds. (2005). Uttar Pradesh. Manohar: Anthropological Survey of India. p. 769. ISBN 978-81-7304-114-3.
The Kesarwani Bania, or simply the Kesarwani, as they are popularly referred to, are an important group of the Vaishya or business community. They were also referred to as Baniya, Bani and Bakkal in the British time. From Kashmir, they came to Kara- Manikpur at the end of the twelfth century.
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