Leading critics of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, clockwise, from left to right:
- Henry Theophilus Finck in 1913
- Ernest Newman, c. 1905
- Eric Blom in 1942
- Olin Downes, in c. 1950
Western classical music has a substantial history of music criticism, and many individuals have established careers as music critics. However, concert reviews are not always credited in the daily and weekly newspapers, especially those in the early to mid-20th century. This selective list of chief music critics (or equivalent title, influence or status) aims to make it easier to find the likely author of a review, or at least the influence of the chief music critic on what was covered and how.
Journalistic newspaper criticism of Western music did not properly emerge until the 1840s. Before then, in England, Joseph Addison had contributed essays on music to The Spectator in Handel's era. Former opera impresario Willian Ayrton began writing occasional musical criticism for The Morning Chronicle (1813–26) and The Examiner (1837–51) and founded the monthly music journal The Harmonicon in 1823.[1] Arts and literary magazines such as The Athenæum (and its critic H F Chorley, writing from 1830 to 1868) sometimes covered musical topics. Specialist music paper The Musical World began publication in 1836 and The Musical Times in 1844. In France, the composer Hector Berlioz wrote reviews and criticisms for the Paris press of the 1830s and 1840s,[2] as did other French writers such as Gérard de Nerval and François-Joseph Fétis.[3] In Germany, Robert Schumann began giving influential reviews for the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik in the 1830s.[4] In Austria, Ludwig Rellstab established himself as (according to Max Graf) "the first great music critic".[5]
But The Morning Post in England was the first daily newspaper to regularly publish concert reports, while The Times is generally recognised as being the first to appoint a professionally competent music critic, J W Davidson, in 1846.[6] It has been suggested that critic and librettist Joseph Bennett, writing for The Daily Telegraph from 1870 (then claimed to have the largest circulation in the world), held back the progress of English music due to his antipathy to Wagner, leaving Bernard Shaw as the only modern critic in the UK in the late eighties and early nineties.[7] Throughout the mid-to-late 1800s Eduard Hanslick became a leading figure in Austria, writing for the Neue Freie Presse.[8]
The presence of music criticism continued to grow, and by the 20th century numerous major newspapers had joined The Morning Post and Times in establishing permanent music critic posts, including The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The Observer and The Sunday Times in Britain, and the Chicago Tribune, New York Herald Tribune and The New York Times in America. The late 19th and early 20th century saw the development of a uniquely American school of criticism, inaugurated by an informal group of New York-based, termed the 'Old Guard', which included Richard Aldrich, Henry Theophilus Finck, William James Henderson, James Huneker and Henry Edward Krehbiel.[9][10] Other leading critics of this time included John Alexander Fuller Maitland, Samuel Langford and Ernest Newman in Britain, and Paul Bekker in Germany.
After World War II, leading critics included Eric Blom, Neville Cardus, Martin Cooper, Olin Downes, Harold C. Schonberg and Virgil Thomson. Influential music critics from the late 20th century include Martin Bernheimer, Robert Commanday, Richard Dyer, Michael Kennedy and Michael Steinberg. In the 21st century fewer newspapers have dedicated critics for classical music, but writers have still been active, such as Alex Ross at The New Yorker, Anthony Tommasini at The New York Times and both Tim Page and Anne Midgette at The Washington Post.
List by publication
[edit]Aftonbladet (Sweden)
- Adolf Lindgren, 1874–1905.[11]
The Atlas (UK)
- Edward Holmes, 1826–1838 (and later).[12]
Berliner Tageblatt (Germany)
- Gustav Engel (contributor, 1861–1895)
- Heinrich Ehrlich (1878–1898)
- Max Marschalk (contributor, 1895–1934)
- Alfred Einstein (1927–1933)
Berliner Zeitung am Mittag (Germany)
- Adolf Weissmans, 1920s
- Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt, 1929-1934
Birmingham Post (UK)
- Stephen Stratton, 1877–1906.[13]
- Ernest Newman, 1906–1919.[14]
- A J Sheldon (1874–1931), 1920–1931
- Eric Blom, 1931–1946.[15]
- John F Waterhouse, 1950s...?
- Kenneth Dommett, 1960s-1970s...?
- Christopher Morley, 1988-2024[16][17]
Boston Evening Transcript (USA)
- Francis H. Jenks, music and dramatic editor (1881–1894)
- Henry Taylor Parker (1905-1934)
- Paul Secon (late 1930s?)
- Olin Downes (1939-1941)
The Boston Globe (USA)
- Michael Steinberg, 1964–1976.[18][19]
- Richard Dyer, 1976–2006.[20]
- Jeremy Eichler, 2006-2024.[21][22]
The Boston Herald (USA)
- Philip Hale, 1903–1934.
Chicago Daily News (USA)
- Donal J Henahan (1957-67)
- Bernard Jacobson (1967-1973)
Chicago Tribune (USA)
- George Putnam Upton, 1861–1881.
- William Matthews (W. S. B. Matthews), 1878–1886.
- Frederick Grant Gleason, 1884–1889.
- Ruth Scott Miller (1895–1984), 1920–1921.
- Albert Goldberg (1898–1990), 1943–1947.
- John von Rhein, 1978–2018.[23]
Le Correspondant (France)
- Camille Bellaigue (c1878–1885)
Daily Express (UK)
- Francis Toye, leader writer, then music critic, 1922–1925.[24]
- Arthur Jacobs, 1947–1952.[25]
- Noël Goodwin, chief music and dance critic, 1965–1978.[26][27]
Daily Graphic (UK)
- R. A. Streatfeild, 1898–1902.
Daily Herald (UK)
- Rutland Boughton, from 1912.
- Spike Hughes, 1933-36.
- Stuart Fletcher, 1930s.
- Martin Cooper, 1946-50.
Daily Mail (UK)
- Richard Capell, 1911–1933.[28]
- Edwin Evans, 1933–1945.[29]
- Ralph Hill, assistant music critic from 1933, chief music critic, 1945–1948.[30]
- Percy Cater, 1953–1960s.[31]
Daily News (UK)
- George Hogarth, 1846–1866.
- Edward A Baughan, circa 1904–1910.[32]
- Alfred Kalisch, 1912–1933?[33]
The Daily Telegraph (UK)
- Campbell Clarke, 1855?–1870.[34]
- Joseph Bennett, 1870–1906.[35]
- Robin Legge, 1906–1931. (pen name Musicus)[36]
- Herbert Hughes, 1911–1932.[37]
- Ferruccio Bonavia, 1920–1950.[38]
- Richard Capell, 1933–1954.[28]
- Martin Cooper, music critic from 1950, chief music critic, 1954–1976.[39]
- Peter Stadlen, music critic from 1959, chief music critic, 1976–85.[40]
- Colin Mason, music critic from 1964
- Anthony Payne, 1965-1987.
- Gerald Abraham, 1967–68 (filling in for both Stadlen and Cooper).
- Michael Kennedy, staff music critic from 1950, joint chief music critic, 1986–2005.[41]
- Geoffrey Norris, music critic from 1983, chief music critic from 1995 to 2009.[42]
- Ivan Hewett, music critic from 2002, chief music critic from 2009.[43]
Evening News (UK)
- William McNaught, 1933-1939.
- Mosco Carner, concert music critic, 1957–1961.[31]
Evening Standard (known as The Standard, 1827–1904) (UK)
- Henry Frost, 1888–1901.[32]
- Percy Scholes, 1913–1920.
- Herbert Antcliffe (music critic from 1915)
- Arthur Jacobs, 1956–1958.
- Rick Jones, 1992–2002.
- Barry Millington, 2002–2020s.
Financial Times (UK)
- Andrew Porter, 1953–1972.[44]
- Ronald Crichton, 1972–1978.[45]
- Max Loppert, 1980–94.
- Andrew Clark, from the late 1990s (now retired).[46]
.jpg)
Frankfurter Zeitung (Germany)
- Engelbert Humperdick, 1890–1895
- Paul Bekker, 1911–1923.
Glasgow Herald (UK)
- Malcolm Rayment, until 1983.
- Michael Turnelty, 1983–2011.
The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) (UK)
- George Fremantle, 1867–1895.[47]
- Arthur Johnstone, 1896–1904.[48]
- Ferruccio Bonavia, 1902–1912[38]
- Ernest Newman, 1905–1906.[14]
- Samuel Langford, 1906–1927.[49]
- Neville Cardus, 1927–1940.[50]
- Philip Hope-Wallace, music and theatre critic, 1946-1979.
- Colin Mason, 1950–1964.[51]
- Edward Greenfield, record critic from 1955, music critic from 1964, chief music critic, 1977–1993.[52]
- Gerald Larner, assistant music critic, 1962-5, chief Northern music critic, 1965-1993.
- Hugo Cole, music critic 1965-1995
- Andrew Clements, from 1993.[53]
- Tom Service, from 1999 to 2003?
The Independent (UK)
- Bayan Northcott, 1986–2009.[54]
- Anthony Payne, 1987–1997.
- Edward Seckerson, chief classical music and opera critic, circa 2009–2012.[55]
Los Angeles Daily News (USA)
- Richard Ginell, 1978–1990.
Los Angeles Times (USA)
- Albert Goldberg, 1947–1965.[56]
- Martin Bernheimer, chief music and dance critic, 1965–1996.[57]
- Mark Swed, classical music critic since 1996.[58][59]
- William Ayrton. Honorary musical and literary critic, 1816–26.[60]
- George Hogarth, 1834–1844.[61]
- Charles Lewis Gruneisen, circa 1845–1853.[62]
The Morning Post (UK)
- John Ella, reviewer 1826-1842.[63]
- Howard Glover, 1849–1865.[64]
- Henry Sutherland Edwards, 1865–1869.[65]
- William Alexander Barrett (1834–1891), 1869–1891.
- Arthur Hervey, 1892–1908.[33]
- Francis Toye, 1925–1937.[66]
- Scott Goddard, 1928.
- Robin Hull, assistant music critic, 1934-1937.[67]
Münchner Neueste Nachrichten (Germany)
- Heinrich Porges, 1880–1900.
- Rudolf Louis, 1900–1914.
Neue Freie Presse (Austria)
- Eduard Hanslick, 1864–1904.
- Richard Heuberger, 1896-1901.
- Julius Korngold, 1904–1934.[68][69]
- Joseph Reitler, 1906-1938[70]
- Hermann Ullrich (1888-1982), music writer, 1926-1938.[71]
Neues Wiener Tagblatt (Austria)
- Richard Heuberger, 1881-1889.
- Max Kalbeck, 1886-1921.
- Ernst Décsey, 1920–1938.
- Joseph Marx, 1931-1938.
News Chronicle (UK)
- Scott Goddard, 1938–1955.
- George Dannatt, 1944–1956.[72]
New Statesman (UK)
- W. J. Turner, 1915–1940.[73]
- Desmond Shawe-Taylor, 1945–1958.[74]
- David Drew, 1959–1967.[75]
The New Yorker (USA)[76]
- Robert A. Simon, 1925–1948.
- Winthrop Sargeant, 1949–1972.
- Andrew Porter, 1972–1992.
- Paul Griffiths, 1992–1996.
- Alex Ross, 1996–present.
New York Daily News (USA)
- William Zakariasen, 1976–1993.
New York Globe (after 1923 The New York Sun) (USA)
- Henry Taylor Parker (c.1900-1905)
- Pitts Sanborn (1905-1923)
New York Herald Tribune (USA)
- Richard Storrs Willis, circa 1840s–1850s (New York Tribune).
- Henry C Watson, 1863–1867? (New York Tribune).
- Gustav Kobbé, circa 1860s–1880s (New York Herald).
- Myron Cooney, 1865–1884 (New York Herald).
- John Rose Green Hassard, 1866–1883 (New York Tribune).
- Henry E Krehbiel, circa 1880–1923 (New York Tribune).[77]
- Lawrence Gilman, 1896–1898 (New York Herald), 1923–1939 (Herald Tribune).[78]
- Virgil Thomson, 1940–1954.[79]
- Herbert Kupferberg, music staff writer, 1942–1966.
- Paul Lang, 1954–1963.[80]
- Alan Rich, 1963–68.
New York Post (USA)
- Henry T Finck, 1881–1924.[81]
- Olga Samaroff, 1926–1928.[82]
- Oscar Thompson, 1928-1934.[83]
- Harriett Johnson, 1943–1971.[84]
The New York Sun (USA)
- James Huneker, 1890s–1902.
- William James Henderson, 1902–1920s.
- Oscar Thompson, 1937-1945.[83]
The New York Times (USA)
.jpg)
- Charles Bailey Seymour, 1849–1865.[85]
- Frederick A. Schwab, 1875–1887.
- William James Henderson, 1887–1902.
- Richard Aldrich, 1902–1923.[86]
- Olin Downes, 1924–1955.[87]
- Howard Taubman, staff writer from 1930, music editor from 1935, chief music critic 1955–1960.[88]
- Harold C. Schonberg, staff writer from 1950, chief music critic, 1960–1980.[89]
- Donal Henahan, staff writer from 1967, then chief music critic 1980–1991.[90]
- Edward Rothstein, 1991–1995, then critic at large until 2014.[91]
- Bernard Holland, staff writer from 1980, chief music critic from 1995 to 2000, then national music critic until 2008.[92]
- Anthony Tommasini, staff writer from 1996, chief music critic from 2000 to December 2021.[93][94]
- Zachary Woolfe, from April 2022.[95]
The New York World (USA)
- James Huneker (1919-21).[96]
- Deems Taylor (1921–27).
The Observer (UK)
- Edgar Frederick Jacques, from 1894.
- Ernest Newman, 1919.[14]
- Percy Scholes, 1920–1925.
- A. H. Fox Strangways, 1925–1939.[97]
- William Glock, music critic from 1934, chief music critic, 1939–45 (but also served in the Royal Air Force).[98]
- Eric Blom, 1949–1953.[15]
- Peter Heyworth, 1955–1987.[99]
- Nicholas Kenyon, 1986–1992.[100]
- Andrew Porter, 1992–1996.
- Fiona Maddocks. 1997–2002.[101][102]
- Anthony Holden, 2002–2008.
- Fiona Maddocks, 2010–present.[101][102]
Philadelphia Inquirer (USA)
The Plain Dealer (USA)
- James Hotchkiss Rogers, 1915–1932.
- Herbert Elwell, 1932–1964.[105]
- Robert Finn, 1964–1992.[106]
- Donald Resenberg, 1992–2008.[107]
- Zachary Lewis, 2008–2020.[108]
San Francisco Chronicle (USA)
- Alfred Frankenstein, 1934–1964.[109]
- Robert Commanday, 1964–1993.[110][111]
- Joshua Kosman, music critic from 1988, chief music critic from 1993, retired April 2024.[112][113]
San Francisco Examiner (USA)
- Michael Walsh, 1977–1981.
Saturday Review (UK)
- William Barclay Squire, 1888–1894.[114]
- John F Runciman, 1894–1916.[115]
The Scotsman (UK)
- Conrad Wilson, 1963–1991.[116]
- Mary Miller, 1992–1998.[117]
- Stephen Johnson, 1998–1999.[118]
Sheffield Telegraph (UK)
- Herbert Antcliffe (1895-1915)
- George MacCaffrey (1916-1939)
- George Linstead (appointed 1940)
- Bernard Lee (from the 1980s, four decades)
La Stampa (Italy)
- Andrea Della Corte, 1919–1967.
The Star (UK)
- Ernest Bax, 1888 (as 'Musigena')[119]
- George Bernard Shaw, 1888–1890 (as 'Corno di Bassetto').[120]
- A W Symons, 1892-????
Sunday Express (UK)
- Ralph Hill, 1940s.[30]
The Sunday Telegraph (UK)
- John Warrack, 1961–1972.[121]
- Malcolm Hayes, 1986–1989.[122]
- Michael Kennedy, 1989–2005.[41]
The Sunday Times (UK)
- Joseph Bennett, 1865–1870.[65]
- Hermann Klein, music (particularly opera) critic, 1881–1901.
- Ernest Newman, 1920–1959.[14]
- Felix Aprahamian, deputy music critic (1948-1989)
- Desmond Shawe-Taylor, 1958–1983.[74]
- David Cairns, 1983–1992.[123]
The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)
- Roger Covell, 1960 – late 1990s.[124]
Der Tagesspiegel (Germany)
- Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt, 1947–?.
- Albrecht Dümling, 1978–1998.
Le Temps (France)
- Johannès Weber (1818–1902), 1861–1895.[125]
- Pierre Lalo, 1898–1914.
- Florent Schmitt, 1929–1939.
The Times (UK)
- Thomas Alsager, 1817-1845.[126]
- James William Davison, 1846–1879.[127]
- Francis Hueffer, 1879–1889.[128]
- J A Fuller Maitland, 1889–1911.[129]
- H. C. Colles, assistant music critic, then chief music critic, 1911–1943.[130]
- A. H. Fox Strangways, deputised for Colles (who was on active service) during WW1.[97]
- Frank Howes, staff writer from 1925, chief music critic, 1943–1960.[131]
- William Mann, assistant music critic from 1948, chief music critic, 1960–1982.[132]
- Stanley Sadie, music critic, 1964-1981.
- Paul Griffiths, 1982–1992.[133]
- Richard Morrison, music critic from 1984, chief music critic from 1992.[134]
Toronto Star (Canada)
- John Terauds, 2005–2012.
- William Littler (current).[135]
The Yorkshire Post (UK)
- Cyril Dunn (until 1947)
- Ernest Bradbury, 1947–1984.[136]
- David Denton, 2000s–2020s.
The Washington Post (USA)
- Paul Hume, music editor, 1946–1982.
- Joseph McLellan, mid-1970s–1995.[137]
- Tim Page, 1995–1999, 2001–2008.[138]
- Philip Kennicott, 1999–2001.
- Anne Midgette, 2008–2019.[139]
- Michael Andor Brodeur, from 2020.[140]
Wiener Zeitung (Austria)
- Eduard Hanslick (1848-50)
- Ludwig Speidel (1858-9)
- Joseph Marx (from 1946).
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians
- ^ Bujić, Bojan (n.d.), "Criticism of Music" in The Oxford Companion to Music, Oxford Music Online.
- ^ Josephson 1972–1973, p. 84.
- ^ Daverio, John; Sams, Eric (2001). "Schumann, Robert". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40704. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Graf, Max. Composer and Critic: 200 Years of Musical Criticism (1948)
- ^ Howes 1966, p. 347.
- ^ 'G.S': Review of 'British Music of Our Time', in Music and Letters July 1946, Vol. 27 No 3, pp.188-189
- ^ Grey, Thomas S. (2001). "Hanslick, Eduard". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12341. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Mueser 1975, p. 43.
- ^ Horowtiz 2012, p. 100.
- ^ Davidsson & Heintz 1986, p. 207.
- ^ Theodore Baker (1919). Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. G. Schirmer Inc. pp. 13–14.
- ^ Who's who in music, Henry Saxe Wyndham, 1915
- ^ a b c d Scaife, Nigel, "Newman, Ernest (1868–1959)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
- ^ a b Westrop, Jack. 'Blom, Eric (Walter)' in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^ Midlands Classical Music Making
- ^ Christopher Morley. Confessions of a Music Critic (2021)
- ^ Tommasini, Anthony (29 July 2009). "Michael Steinberg, Music Critic, Teacher and Program Annotator, Is Dead at 80". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
- ^ Smith, Patrick J. (2009) [2001]. "Steinberg, (Carl) Michael". Grove Music Online. Revised by Maureen Buja. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26641. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Greene, Jayson (2015) [2013]. "Dyer, Richard". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2282714. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Bohlman, Andrea F. (2015) [2013]. "Eichler, Jeremy". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2282740. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Walsh, Colleen (6 March 2017). "Life in wartime, etched in sound". The Harvard Gazette. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
- ^ '40 years on the Chicago aisle', in The Chicago Tribune, 27 June 2018
- ^ Toye, Francis. 'The Cinderella of Fleet Street', in Music & Letters, Vol. 5, No. 1 (January 1924), pp. 79-84
- ^ Encyclopedia.com
- ^ "Noël Goodwin". The Times. 3 April 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2022. Published in print on 8 April 2013, p. 49
- ^ Kennedy, Michael; Kennedy, Joyce Bourne (2013) [2007]. "Noël Goodwin". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-920383-3.
- ^ a b "Obituary, 'Mr. Richard Capell', in The Times, 22 June 1954, p.10
- ^ Obituary, The Musical Times Vol. 86, No. 1226 (April 1945), pp. 105–108
- ^ a b The Penguin Music Magazine (1946–1949) and Music (1950–1952), RIPM.org
- ^ a b 'Music Critics and Criticism Today', in The Musical Times, Vol. 101, No. 1406, April 1960
- ^ a b Hughes 2002, p. [page needed].
- ^ a b Hughes 2002, p. 193.
- ^ Hughes 2002, p. 72.
- ^ "Joseph Bennett", The Musical Times, Vol. 51, No. 814, 1 December 1910, pp. 769–772
- ^ 'Robin Humphrey Legge', obituary, The Times, 7 April, 1933, p. 18
- ^ Byers, David. "Herbert Hughes – A Centenary Note", in: Soundpost 2 (March 1982) p. 6.
- ^ Obituary, The Musical Times, Vol. 127, No. 1718 (May, 1986), p 291
- ^ Norris, Geoffrey. 'Tribute to a critic with a true musician's understanding' in The Daily Telegraph, 7 December 1996
- ^ a b "Michael Kennedy – obituary". The Daily Telegraph. 31 December 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^ Kennedy, Michal; Kennedy, Joyce Bourne, eds. (2013) [2007]. "Geoffrey Norris". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-920383-3. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
- ^ "Ivan Hewett - Telegraph". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
- ^ Margalit Fox (31 March 2015). "Andrew Porter, New Yorker Classical Music Critic, Dies at 86". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
- ^ The Times obituary, 18 November 2005, p 69
- ^ Blackwells
- ^ Hughes 2002, p. 192.
- ^ Johnstone, Arthur. Musical Criticisms (1905), with a memoir by Henry Reece and Oliver Elton
- ^ Obituary, The Manchester Guardian, 9 May 1927, p. 7 and p.9
- ^ Anderson, Robert. 'Cardus, Sir (John Frederick) Neville' in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^ 'Colin Mason', Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music
- ^ Williamson, Rosemary. 'Greenfield, Edward', in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^ Andrew Clements, The Guardian
- ^ Williamson, Rosemary. 'Northcott, Bayan (Peter)' in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^ Edward Seckerson, biography
- ^ Sholes, Jacquelyn (2015) [2013]. "Goldberg, Albert". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2282980. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ "Pulitzer Prize winner and former L.A. Times music critic Martin Bernheimer dies at 83". Los Angeles Times. 29 September 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^ Westover, Jonas (2001). "Swed, Mark". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2289537. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ "Mark Swed". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^ Highfill, Philip and others. A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers & Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660–1800 (1973), p.187
- ^ Hall-Witt, Jennifer. Fashionable Acts: Opera and Elite Culture in London, 1780-1880 (2007), p. 235
- ^ Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney, eds. (1890). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 23. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ Colin Eatock. Mendelssohn and Victorian England (2009)
- ^ Middleton, Louisa Mary (1890). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 22. p. 9.
- ^ a b Zicari, Massimo. 'Music Journalism in London: The Late 1870s and 1880s', Ch. 18 of Verdi in Victorian London (2016)
- ^ Colles, H.C. 'Toye, (John) Francis' in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^ Musical Times, September 1960, p. 547
- ^ "Julius Korngold". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
- ^ Haas, Michael (2013). "Mahler and His Chronicler Julius Korngold". Forbidden Music: The Jewish Composers Banned by the Nazis. New Haven: Yale University Press. doi:10.12987/9780300154313. ISBN 978-0-300-15431-3.
- ^ The Year in American Music: 1948
- ^ Rudolf Klein. 'Ullrich, Hermann', in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^ Obituary, The Guardian, 10 December, 2009
- ^ 'W.J. Turner', Australian Dictionary of National Biography)
- ^ a b Obituary, The Independent, 22 October, 2011
- ^ Sadie, Stanley. 'David Drew', in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^ Ross, Alex. "Musical events". therestisnoise.com. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ^ Aldrich, Richard. 'Henry Edward Krehbiel', in Music & Letters, Vol. 4, No. 3 (Jul. 1923), pp. 266-268
- ^ Obituary, The New York Times, 10 September, 1939
- ^ Tommasini, Anthony. 'A Critic's Creed: Plug Yourself And Your Fellow Americans', in The New York Times, 21 August 1994
- ^ Obituary, The Times, 8 October 1991, p. 18
- ^ Lowens, Margery Morgan (2001). "Finck, Henry T(heophilus)". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.09659. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Reiko ISHII. The Pianistic Legacy of Olga Samaroff: Her Contributions to the Musical World (2014)
- ^ a b Ramona H. Matthews. 'Thompson, Oscar', in Grove Music Online (2001
- ^ Obituary, The New York Times, 2 July 1987
- ^ 'Seymour, Charles Bailey (1829–1869)', Lehigh University
- ^ "Richard Aldrich Dies in Rome at 73; Times Music Critic Emeritus, Retired in 1924, Is Stricken on Visit to Brother". The New York Times. 3 June 1937. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^ Newsom, Jon. "Downes, Olin", Grove Music Online, Oxford Music Online, accessed 24 August 2021
- ^ Severo, Richard. "Howard Taubman, 88, a Times Music Critic", The New York Times, 9 January 1996. Accessed 24 August 2021.
- ^ Kozinn, Allan (24 August 2021). "Harold C. Schonberg, 87, Dies; Won Pulitzer Prize as Music Critic for The Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
- ^ [Music Department] (10 July 1991). "Times Names a Chief Critic". The New York Times.
- ^ Morgan, Paula. 'Rothstein, Edward', in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^ Bernard Holland at topics.nytimes.com
- ^ Ceriani, Davide (2016) [2013]. "Tommasini, Anthony". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2289585. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 3 December 2021. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Cruz, Gilbert; Cooper, Michael (15 November 2021). "A Coda, and Many Bravos, for Anthony Tommasini". The New York Times Company. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
- ^ Cruz, Gilbert; Michel, Sia (5 April 2022). "Zachary Woolfe Named Classical Music Critic". The New York Times Company. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
- ^ Obituary, Minneapolis Star Tribune, 10 Feb 1921, p.1
- ^ a b Wilson, Steuart, rev. John Warrack. "Strangways, Arthur Henry Fox (1859–1948)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 24 August 2021
- ^ Stephen Plaistow (29 June 2000). "Sir William Glock". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^ "An outward-looking clarity of vision", The Observer, 6 October 1991, p. 57
- ^ Nicholas Kenyon biography, Faber
- ^ a b "Fiona Maddocks". Embassy of the United Kingdom, Moscow. Archived from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
- ^ a b Maddocks, Fiona (7 July 2019). "Fiona Maddocks" (Interview). Interviewed by Anonymous. SWAP'ra. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
- ^ Obituary, The Philadelphia Inquiry 14 May, 2018
- ^ Inquirer.com
- ^ 'Elwell, Herbert', in Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
- ^ 'Critic Robert Finn shared his love of music, bold opinions with readers: An appreciation', in The Plain Dealer, 31 July 2011
- ^ Wakin, Daniel J. (24 September 2008). "Music Critic vs. Maestro: One Loses His Beat". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
- ^ 'Cleveland loses its last music critic', from Slipped Disc, 7 April, 2020
- ^ Smith, Patrick J. (2015) [2013]. "Frankenstein, Alfred". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2284355. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Smith, Patrick J. (2001). "Commanday, Robert". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.47667. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Kosman, Joshua (5 September 2015). "Robert Commanday, longtime Chronicle music critic, dies". SFGate. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^ Greene, Jayson (2001). "Kosman, Joshua". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2285014. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 21 July 2022. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ 'Tales of a critic: A celebration of retiring Classical Musical Critic Joshua Kosman', San Francisco Chronicle, 8 April 2024
- ^ Hughes 2002, p. 194.
- ^ Hughes 2002, pp. 83, 194.
- ^ Obituary, The Scotsman, 30 November, 2017
- ^ Royal Conservatoire of Scotland. Under the Spotlight: Mary Miller
- ^ Stephen Johnson, biography
- ^ A.M.Gibbs. A Bernard Shaw Chronology (2001), p. 342
- ^ Shaw, Bernard (1981). Shaw's music : the complete musical criticism in three volumes. Vol. 1. London: Max Reinhardt, the Bodley Head. pp. 16–17. ISBN 0-370-30247-8.
- ^ Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music
- ^ 'Malcolm Hayes', British Music Collection
- ^ David Cairns biography at The Hector Berlioz website
- ^ Tunley, David. 'Covell, Roger David', in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^ .Brigitte Massin. 'Weber, Johannès', in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ^ Porter, Dilwyn. "Alsager, Thomas Massa". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/41071. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1888). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 14. London: Smith, Elder & Co. .
- ^ Maitland, J.A.F. 'Hueffer, Francis', in The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Obituary, The Times, 31 March 1936, p. 11
- ^ Music and Letters; Obituary of Colles by A H Fox Strangways
- ^ "Mr Frank Howes", The Times, 30 September 1974, p. 17
- ^ "William Mann – Obituary", The Times, 6 September 1989
- ^ Cummings, Paul (ed.), "Griffths, Paul", International Who's Who in Classical Music (2003), p. 299
- ^ "Richard Morrison". BBC. Archived from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
- ^ Biography, Dundurn Press
- ^ University of Leeds, Special Collections
- ^ Obituary, Washington Post, 28 December, 2005
- ^ "Tim Page | USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism". annenberg.usc.edu. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
- ^ Schenbeck, Lawrence (2013). "Midgette, Anne". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2289104. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ "Michael Brodeur will become The Post's classical music critic". The Washington Post.
Sources
[edit]- Davidsson, Åke [in Swedish]; Heintz, Veslemöy (1986). "Swedish Music Periodicals of the 19th Century". Fontes Artis Musicae. 33 (2): 194–210. JSTOR 23507205.
- Dibble, Jeremy and Horton, Julian (ed.). British Musical Criticism and Intellectual Thought, 1850–1950 (2018)
- Dingle, Christopher (ed.). The Cambridge History of Music Criticism (2019)
- Graf, Max. Composer and critic: Two hundred years of musical criticism (1948)
- Grant, Mark and Friedheim, Eric. A History of Classical Music Criticism in America (1998)
- Horowtiz, Joseph (2012). Moral Fire: Musical Portraits from America's Fin de Siècle. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26744-2.
- Howes, Frank; Cooper, Martin; Carner, Mosco; Cater, Percy; Chissell, Joan; Goodwin, Noël; Mann, William; Warrack, John; Mitchell, Donald; Porter, Andrew; Reid, Charles (April 1960). "Music Critics and Criticism Today". The Musical Times. 101 (1406): 220–225. doi:10.2307/949580. JSTOR 949580.
- Howes, Frank (1966). The English Musical Renaissance. London: Secker & Warburg.
- Hughes, Meirion (2002). The English Musical Renaissance and the Press 1850-1914: Watchmen of Music. London: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-0588-1.
- Josephson, Nors S. (1972–1973). "François-Joseph Fétis and Richard Wagner". Revue belge de Musicologie / Belgisch Tijdschrift voor Muziekwetenschap. 26/27: 84–89. doi:10.2307/3686542. JSTOR 3686542.
- Langley. L. 'The Musical Press in Nineteenth Century England', in Notes, March 1990, pp. 583–592
- Maine, Basil. Behold these Daniels: being Studies of Contemporary Music Critics (1928)
- Mueser, Barbara (1975). The Criticism of New Music in New York: 1919–1929 (Ph.D.). New York: University of New York. OCLC 19804587.
- Scholes, Percy. The Mirror of Music 1844-1944; A Century of Musical Life in Britain as reflected in the pages of the Musical Times, Novello/Oxford University Press (1947)
