In 2023, total world crude steel production was nearly 1.9 billion tons (Gt). The biggest steel producing country is currently China, which accounted for 54% of world steel production in 2023.[1] In 2020, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, China became the first country to produce over one billion tons of steel.[2] In 2008, 2009, 2015 and 2016 output fell in the majority of steel-producing countries as a result of the global recession. In 2010 and 2017, it started to rise again. Crude steel production contracted in all regions in 2019 except in Asia and the Middle East. India is the 2nd leading producer of iron and steel industries.[citation needed]
Steel production
[edit]This is a list of countries by steel production in 1967, 1980, 1990, 2000 and from 2007 to 2021, based on data provided by the World Steel Association.[3][4][5][6][7][8] All countries with annual production of crude steel at least 2 million metric tons.
| Rank (2021) | Country/Region | 2023[9] | 2022 | 2021[10] | 2020[1] | 2019[11][12] | 2018[13][14] | 2017[1][15] | 2016[1][16] | 2015[17] | 2014[18] | 2013[19] | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2000 | 1990 | 1980 | 1967 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | World | 1,888.2 | 1,887.6 | 1,951.9 | 1,877.5 | 1,874.4 | 1,808.4 | 1,674.8 | 1,606.3 | 1,620.4 | 1,670.1 | 1,649.3 | 1,552.9 | 1,490.1 | 1,413.6 | 1,219.7 | 1,326.5 | 1,351.3 | 850.1 | 770.4 | 716.4 | 497.2 |
| 1 |  China
|
1,019.1 | 1,018.0 | 1,032.8 | 1,064.8 | 995.4 | 920.0 | 831.7 | 786.9 | 803.8 | 822.7 | 779.0 | 724.7 | 683.3 | 626.7 | 573.6 | 500.3 | 494.9 | 128.5 | 66.4 | 37.1 | 14.0 |
| 2 |  India
|
140.2 | 125.4 | 118.2 | 100.3 | 111.4 | 109.3 | 101.5 | 95.5 | 89.6 | 87.3 | 81.2 | 77.3 | 72.2 | 68.3 | 62.8 | 57.8 | 53.5 | 26.9 | 15.0 | 9.5 | 6.3 |
| 3 |  Japan
|
87.0 | 89.2 | 96.3 | 83.2 | 99.3 | 104.3 | 104.7 | 104.8 | 105.2 | 110.7 | 110.6 | 107.2 | 107.6 | 109.6 | 87.5 | 118.7 | 120.2 | 106.4 | 110.3 | 111.4 | 62.0 |
| 4 |  United States
|
80.7 | 80.5 | 85.8 | 72.7 | 87.8 | 86.6 | 81.6 | 78.5 | 78.9 | 88.2 | 87.0 | 88.6 | 86.2 | 80.6 | 58.2 | 91.4 | 98.1 | 101.8 | 89.7 | 101.4 | 115.0 |
| 5 |  Russia
|
75.8 | 71.7 | 75.6 | 71.6 | 71.7 | 72.0 | 71.3 | 70.5 | 71.1 | 71.5 | 69.4 | 70.6 | 68.7 | 66.9 | 60.0 | 68.5 | 72.4 | 59.1 | 89.6[20] | n/a[20] | n/a[20] |
| 6 |  South Korea
|
66.7 | 65.8 | 70.4 | 67.1 | 71.4 | 72.5 | 71.1 | 68.6 | 69.7 | 71.5 | 66.0 | 69.3 | 68.5 | 58.5 | 48.6 | 53.6 | 51.5 | 43.1 | 23.1 | 8.5 | 0.3 |
| 7 |  Turkey
|
33.7 | 35.1 | 40.4 | 35.8 | 33.7 | 37.3 | 37.5 | 33.2 | 31.5 | 34.0 | 34.7 | 35.9 | 34.1 | 29.0 | 25.3 | 26.8 | 25.8 | 14.3 | 9.4 | 2.5 | 1.0 |
| 8 |  Germany
|
35.4 | 36.9 | 40.1 | 35.7 | 39.6 | 42.4 | 43.6 | 42.1 | 42.7 | 42.9 | 42.6 | 42.7 | 44.3 | 43.8 | 32.7 | 45.8 | 48.6 | 46.4 | 44.0 | 51.1 | 41.3 |
| 9 |  Brazil
|
31.9 | 34.1 | 36.2 | 31.0 | 32.6 | 35.4 | 34.4 | 30.2 | 33.3 | 33.9 | 34.2 | 34.7 | 35.2 | 32.8 | 26.5 | 33.7 | 33.8 | 27.9 | 20.6 | 15.3 | 3.6 |
| 10 |  Iran
|
31.1 | 30.6 | 28.5 | 29.0 | 25.6 | 24.5 | 21.8 | 17.9 | 16.1 | 16.3 | 15.4 | 14.5 | 13.0 | 12.0 | 10.9 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 6.6 | 1.4 | 0.5 | — |
| 11 |  Italy
|
21.1 | 21.6 | 24.4 | 20.4 | 23.2 | 24.5 | 24.0 | 23.3 | 22.0 | 23.7 | 24.1 | 27.2 | 28.7 | 25.8 | 19.7 | 30.6 | 31.6 | 26.8 | 25.5 | 26.5 | 15.9 |
| 12 |  Taiwan
|
18.9 | 20.8 | 23.2 | 21.0 | 22.0 | 23.2 | 23.2 | 21.8 | 21.4 | 23.1 | 22.3 | 20.7 | 20.2 | 19.8 | 15.8 | 19.9 | 20.9 | ||||
| 13 |  Vietnam
|
19.0 | 20.0 | 23.0 | 19.5 | 17.5 | 15.5 | 10.3 | 7.8 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | — |
| 14 |  Ukraine
|
6.2 | 6.3 | 21.4 | 20.6 | 20.8 | 21.1 | 22.7 | 24.2 | 22.9 | 27.2 | 32.8 | 32.9 | 35.3 | 33.6 | 29.9 | 37.3 | 42.8 | 31.8 | 54.6[20] | 52.3[20] | n/a[20] |
| 15 |  Mexico
|
16.3 | 18.4 | 18.5 | 16.8 | 18.4 | 20.2 | 20.0 | 19.0 | 18.3 | 19.0 | 18.2 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 17.0 | 14.2 | 17.2 | 17.6 | 15.6 | 8.7 | 7.1 | 3.0 |
| 16 |  Indonesia
|
16.0 | 15.6 | 14.3 | 9.3 | 7.8 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0.5 | — |
| 17 |  Spain
|
11.3 | 11.6 | 14.2 | 11.0 | 13.6 | 14.3 | 14.5 | 13.6 | 14.9 | 14.3 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 15.6 | 16.3 | 14.3 | 18.6 | 19.0 | 15.8 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 4.5 |
| 18 |  France
|
10.0 | 12.1 | 13.9 | 11.6 | 14.4 | 15.4 | 15.5 | 14.6 | 15.0 | 16.1 | 15.7 | 15.6 | 15.8 | 15.4 | 12.8 | 17.9 | 19.3 | 21.0 | 19.0 | 23.1 | 19.6 |
| 19 |  Canada
|
12.3 | 12.1 | 13.0 | 11.0 | 12.9 | 13.4 | 13.7 | 12.7 | 12.5 | 12.7 | 12.4 | 13.5 | 13.1 | 13.0 | 9.0 | 14.8 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 12.3 | 15.9 | 8.8 |
| 20 |  Egypt
|
10.4 | 9.8 | 10.3 | 8.2 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 0.4 |
| 21 |  Saudi Arabia
|
9.9 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 8.2 | 5.2 | 4.8[21] | 5.5 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 0.1 | — |
| 22 |  Poland
|
6.4 | 7.4 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 9.0 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 8.4 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 13.6 | 19.5 | 10.4 |
| 23 |  Austria
|
7.1 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 8.1 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.2 | 5.7 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 5.7 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 3.0 |
| 24 |  United Kingdom
|
5.6 | 6.0 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 10.8 | 12.1 | 11.9 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 17.8 | 11.3 | 24.3 |
| 25 |  Belgium
|
5.9 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 7.4 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 5.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 12.3 | 9.7 |
| 26 |  Malaysia
|
7.5 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| 27 |  Netherlands
|
4.7 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 5.2 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 3.4 |
| 28 |  Australia
|
5.5 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 5.2 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 7.6 | 6.3 |
| 29 |  Bangladesh
|
5.5 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 3.5 | ||||||||||||||
| 30 |  Thailand
|
5.0 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 6.4 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 0.5 | — |
| 31 |  Pakistan
|
5.3 | 6.0 | 5.3 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | — | — |
| 32 |  South Africa
|
4.9 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 9.1 | 3.7 |
| 33 |  Argentina
|
4.9 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 1.3 |
| 34 |  Slovakia
|
4.5 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 5.1[22] | n/a[22] | n/a[22] |
| 35 |  Czech Republic
|
3.4 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 9.7[22] | n/a[22] | n/a[22] |
| 36 |  Sweden
|
4.3 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.62 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.7 |
| 37 |  Kazakhstan
|
3.9 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 7.4[20] | n/a[20] | n/a[20] |
| 38 |  Finland
|
3.8 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 0.4 |
| 39 |  Algeria
|
4.4 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 4.62 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.7 |
| 40 |  Romania
|
1.6 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 5.0 | 6.3 | 4.7 | 9.7 | 13.2 | 4.1 |
| 41 |  United Arab Emirates
|
3.2 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | — | — | n/a |
| 42 |  Belarus
|
2.3 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 1.5[20] | — | — |
| 43 |  Luxembourg
|
1.9 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | ||
| 44 |  Oman
|
2.9 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 45 |  Portugal
|
2.0 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 46 |  North Korea
|
1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.28 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 7.0 | 5.8 | 1.5 | ||||
| — |  Soviet Union
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 154.4 | 147.9 | 96.9[23] |
| — | Others[24] | 24.8 | 27.7 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 28.4 | 29.5 | 29.9 | 29.5 (est.) | 23.3 (est.) | 28.6 (est.) | 30.7 (est.) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Exports
[edit]net: exports - imports
| Rank | Country | Mt |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 51.4 |
| 2 | Russia | 31.5 |
| 3 | Japan | 29.8 |
| 4 | South Korea | 27.6 |
| - | European Union[25] | 22.6 |
| 5 | Germany | 21.2 |
| 6 | Turkey | 18.5 |
| 7 | India | 17.1 |
| 8 | Ukraine | 15.2 |
| 9 | Italy | 14.9 |
| 10 | Belgium | 12.9 |
| 11 | Brazil | 10.6 |
| 12 | France | 10.2 |
| 13 | Taiwan | 10.0 |
| Rank | Country | Mt |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Russia | 26.4 |
| 2 | Japan | 24.8 |
| 3 | South Korea | 16.1 |
| 4 | Ukraine | 13.9 |
| 5 | China | 13.5 |
| 6 | India | 12.1 |
| 7 | Brazil | 8.7 |
| 8 | Turkey | 6.0 |
| 9 | Egypt | 4.4 |
| 10 | Germany | 3.0 |
Imports
[edit]Net: imports − exports
| Rank | Country | Mt |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 37.9 |
| - | European Union[25] | 32.6 |
| 2 | United States | 19.9 |
| 3 | Germany | 18.2 |
| 4 | Italy | 15.5 |
| 5 | Vietnam | 13.6 |
| 6 | Turkey | 12.5 |
| 7 | France | 11.8 |
| 8 | South Korea | 11.5 |
| 9 | Poland | 10.8 |
| 10 | Belgium | 10.4 |
| Rank | Country | Mt |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 13.6 |
| - | European Union[25] | 10.0 |
| 2 | Saudi Arabia | 7.2 |
| 3 | Philippines | 6.6 |
| 4 | Vietnam | 6.6 |
| 5 | Poland | 5.6 |
| 6 | Indonesia | 4.2 |
| 7 | Israel | 3.3 |
| 8 | Bangladesh | 2.5 |
| 9 | Uzbekistan | 2.5 |
| 10 | United Arab Emirates | 2.4 |
World steel production trend
[edit]Development of the worldwide production of steel in millions of tons.
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See also
[edit]- Steel industry
- Global steel industry trends
- List of steel producers
- List of countries by iron ore production
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h "World Steel in Figures 2021" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-06-28. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
- ^ "China's steel sector sees output growth in 2020". Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ World Steel Association Archived 2010-11-29 at the Wayback Machine World Crude Steel Production 2009
- ^ World Crude Steel Production 2010 Archived 2011-09-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ World Crude Steel Production 2011[permanent dead link]
- ^ "World Crude Steel Production - Summary" (PDF). 22 January 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-18. Retrieved 2014-07-27. World Crude Steel Production 2012
- ^ "World Steel Production 1980-2013" (PDF). World Steel Association. Nov 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
- ^ "Handbook of World Steel Statistics" (PDF). 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
- ^ "2024 World Steel in Figures" (PDF). World Steel Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-06-21. Retrieved 2024-09-10.
- ^ "Total production of crude steel - World total 2021". World Steel Association. Archived from the original on 2023-02-27. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
- ^ "Global crude steel output increases by 3.4% in 2019".
- ^ "World Crude Steel Production" (PDF). WorldSteel. 2020-01-27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-01-30. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
- ^ "Global crude steel output increases by 4.6% in 2018".
- ^ "World Crude Steel Production" (PDF). WorldSteel. 2019-01-25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-02. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
- ^ "Monthly crude steel production - 2017" (PDF). World Steel Assoctiation. 2018-01-24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-02-05. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
- ^ "Monthly crude steel production" (PDF). World Steel Association. 24 Apr 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
- ^ "Steel Statistical Yearbook 2016" (PDF). World Steel Association. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 January 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
- ^ "Steel Statistical Yearbook 2015" (PDF). World Steel Association. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
- ^ "World Steel Statistics data 2013" (PDF). World Steel Association. 23 January 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 February 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Was part of
USSR until 1992
- ^ partial data
- ^ a b c d e f Was part of
Czechoslovakia until 1993
- ^ Haack, Hermann (1967). Zahlen und Tatsachen zur Entwicklung der Sowjetunion, 50 Jahre Sowjetmacht.
- ^ composition of other countries vary year to year, thus is not comparable
- ^ a b c excluding intra-regional trade
- ^ "A Handbook of World Steel Statistics" (PDF). International Iron and Steel Institute.
- ^ "World Steel Association - Statistics archive". 2012-02-12. Archived from the original on 2012-02-12. Retrieved 2024-08-08.