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List of longest cable-stayed bridge spans

This list ranks the world's cable-stayed bridges by the length of main span, i.e. the distance between the suspension towers. The length of the main span is the most common way to rank cable-stayed bridges. If one bridge has a longer span than another, it does not mean that the bridge is the longer from shore to shore, or from anchorage to anchorage. However, the size of the main span does often correlate with the height of the towers, and the engineering complexity involved in designing and constructing the bridge.

Cable-stayed bridges with more than three spans are generally more complex, and bridges of this type generally represent a more notable engineering achievement, even where their spans are shorter.

Cable-stayed bridges have the second-longest spans, after suspension bridges, of bridge types. They are practical for spans up to around 1 kilometre (0.6 mi). The Russky Bridge over the Eastern Bosphorus in Vladivostok, Russia, with its 1,104 metres (3,622 ft) span, has the longest span of any cable-stayed bridge, displacing the former record holder, the Sutong Bridge over the Yangtze River in the People's Republic of China 1,088 metres (3,570 ft) on 12 April 2012.[citation needed]

Completed cable-stayed bridges

[edit]

This list of largest cable-stayed bridges includes all bridges with a main span of at least 500 metres (1,640 ft) in length. This list only includes bridges that carry vehicular traffic, such as automobiles or trains. It does not include suspension bridges, footbridges or pipeline bridges.

Sortable list of largest completed cable-stayed bridges, ranked by length of main span
Image Name Main span

metres (feet)

Number
of
pylons		 Year
completed		 Location Country Ref
Russky Bridge 1,104 m (3,622.0 ft)
2
2012
 Vladivostok
43°3′47.6″N 131°54′26.8″E / 43.063222°N 131.907444°E / 43.063222; 131.907444 (Russky Bridge)		  Russia [S 1]
Husutong Yangtze River Bridge 1,092 m (3,582.7 ft)
2
2020
 Nantong - Suzhou, Jiangsu
32°00′17.1″N 120°42′50.1″E / 32.004750°N 120.713917°E / 32.004750; 120.713917 (Husutong Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [S 2][1][2]
Sutong Yangtze River Bridge 1,088 m (3,569.6 ft)
2
2008
 Suzhou - Nantong, Jiangsu
31°46′40.2″N 120°59′41.2″E / 31.777833°N 120.994778°E / 31.777833; 120.994778 (Sutong Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [S 3]
Stonecutters Bridge 1,018 m (3,339.9 ft)
2
2009
 Tsing Yi - Stonecutters Island, Hong Kong
22°19′33.7″N 114°7′6″E / 22.326028°N 114.11833°E / 22.326028; 114.11833 (Stonecutters Bridge)		  Hong Kong [S 4]
Qingshan Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 938 m (3,077.4 ft)
2
2021
 Wuhan, Hubei
30°40′47.8″N 114°28′00.4″E / 30.679944°N 114.466778°E / 30.679944; 114.466778 (Qingshan Yangtze River Bridge) 		 China
Edong Yangtze River Bridge 926 m (3,038.1 ft)
2
2010
 Huangshi, Hubei
30°15′38.1″N 115°4′20.1″E / 30.260583°N 115.072250°E / 30.260583; 115.072250 (Edong Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [S 5]
Jiayu Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 920 m (3,018.4 ft)
2
2019
 Jiayu County, Hubei
30°03′07.0″N 113°59′05.0″E / 30.051944°N 113.984722°E / 30.051944; 113.984722 (Jiayu Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [3]
Tatara Bridge 890 m (2,919.9 ft)
2
1999
 Ikuchi Island, Hiroshima - Ōmishima Island, Ehime
34°15′35.7″N 133°3′52.6″E / 34.259917°N 133.064611°E / 34.259917; 133.064611 (Tatara Bridge)		  Japan [S 6]
Pont de Normandie 856 m (2,808.4 ft)
2
1995
 Le Havre, Seine-Maritime - Honfleur, Calvados
49°25′56.1″N 0°16′26.3″E / 49.432250°N 0.273972°E / 49.432250; 0.273972 (Pont de Normandie)		  France [S 7]
Chizhou Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 828 m (2,716.5 ft)
2
2019
 Chizhou - Zongyang County, Anhui
30°41′38.0″N 117°20′54.4″E / 30.693889°N 117.348444°E / 30.693889; 117.348444 (Chizhou Yangtze River Bridge) 		 China [4]
Shishou Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 820 m (2,690.3 ft)
2
2019
 Shishou, Hubei
29°47′14.6″N 112°29′34.3″E / 29.787389°N 112.492861°E / 29.787389; 112.492861 (Shishou Yangtze River Bridge) 		 China [5]
Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge 818 m (2,683.7 ft)
2
2013
 Jiujiang, Jiangxi - Huangmei County, Hubei
29°43′21.4″N 115°54′30.2″E / 29.722611°N 115.908389°E / 29.722611; 115.908389 (Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge)		  China [S 8]
Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge 816 m (2,677.2 ft)
2
2010
 Jingzhou, Hubei - Yueyang, Hunan
29°32′39.9″N 113°13′20.3″E / 29.544417°N 113.222306°E / 29.544417; 113.222306 (Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [S 9]
Wuxue Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 808 m (2,650.9 ft)
2
2021
 Wuxue, Hubei
29°50′34.9″N 115°30′10.7″E / 29.843028°N 115.502972°E / 29.843028; 115.502972 (Wuxue Yangtze River Bridge) 		 China [6]
Second Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 806 m (2,644.4 ft)
2
2017
 Wuhu, Anhui
31°14′06.5″N 118°07′44.9″E / 31.235139°N 118.129139°E / 31.235139; 118.129139 (Second Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [7]
Incheon Bridge 800 m (2,624.7 ft)
2
2009
 Incheon - Yeongjongdo
37°24′50.2″N 126°34′1.1″E / 37.413944°N 126.566972°E / 37.413944; 126.566972 (Incheon Bridge)		  South Korea [S 10]
Yachi River Bridge 800 m (2,624.7 ft)
2
2016
 Qingzhen, Guizhou
26°50′56.9″N 106°08′14.5″E / 26.849139°N 106.137361°E / 26.849139; 106.137361 (Yachi River Bridge)		  China [8]
Xiamen Zhangzhou Bridge 780 m (2,559.1 ft)
2
2013
 Zhangzhou - Xiamen, Fujian
24°27′22.5″N 117°56′57.9″E / 24.456250°N 117.949417°E / 24.456250; 117.949417 (Xiamen Zhangzhou Bridge)		  China [9]
Wuhan Zhuankou Yangtze River Bridge 760 m (2,493.4 ft)
2
2017
 Wuhan, Hubei
30°26′04.4″N 114°11′07.2″E / 30.434556°N 114.185333°E / 30.434556; 114.185333 (Zhuankou Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [10]
Danjiangkou Reservoir Bridge [zh] 760 m (2,493.4 ft)
2
2023
 Shiyan, Hubei
32°36′23″N 111°17′51″E / 32.60639°N 111.29750°E / 32.60639; 111.29750 (Danjiangkou Bridge) 		 China [11]
Zolotoy Bridge 737 m (2,418.0 ft)
2
2012
 Vladivostok
43°6′31.4″N 131°53′45.9″E / 43.108722°N 131.896083°E / 43.108722; 131.896083 (Zolotoy Bridge)		  Russia [S 11]
Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge 730 m (2,395.0 ft)
2
2009
 Shanghai - Chongming County
31°26′4.3″N 121°44′38.3″E / 31.434528°N 121.743972°E / 31.434528; 121.743972 (Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [S 12]
Third Wanzhou Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 730 m (2,395.0 ft)
2
2019
 Wanzhou District, Chongqing
30°47′26.3″N 108°23′50.4″E / 30.790639°N 108.397333°E / 30.790639; 108.397333 (Third Wanzhou Yangtze River Bridge) 		 China [12]
Duge Bridge 720 m (2,362.2 ft)
2
2016
 Dugexiang, Guizhou
26°23′11.8″N 104°40′31.8″E / 26.386611°N 104.675500°E / 26.386611; 104.675500 (Duge Bridge)		  China [S 13]
Chibi Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 720 m (2,362.2 ft)
2
2021
 Chibi City - Honghu, Hubei
29°51′10.1″N 113°34′08.3″E / 29.852806°N 113.568972°E / 29.852806; 113.568972 (Chibi Yangtze River Bridge) 		 China [13]
Huangmaohai Bridge [zh] 720 m (2,362.2 ft)
3
2024
 Zhuhai-Taishan, Guangdong

22°0′34″N 113°05′27″E / 22.00944°N 113.09083°E / 22.00944; 113.09083 (Huangmaohai Bridge)

 China
Minpu Bridge 708 m (2,322.8 ft)
2
2009
 Shanghai
31°3′10.7″N 121°28′35.1″E / 31.052972°N 121.476417°E / 31.052972; 121.476417 (Minpu Bridge)		  China [S 14]
Jiangshun Xi River Bridge [zh] 700 m (2,296.6 ft)
2
2015
 Foshan - Jiangmen, Guangdong
22°46′52.1″N 113°04′08.7″E / 22.781139°N 113.069083°E / 22.781139; 113.069083 (Jiangshun Xi River Bridge)		  China [14]
Gaolangang Bridge [zh] 700 m (2,296.6 ft)
2
2024
 Zhuhai-Taishan, Guangdong

22°01′17″N 113°07′17″E / 22.02139°N 113.12139°E / 22.02139; 113.12139 (Gaolangang Bridge)

 China
Xiangshan Port Bridge 688 m (2,257.2 ft)
2
2012
 Ningbo - Xiangshan County, Zhejiang
29°37′36.7″N 121°49′2.1″E / 29.626861°N 121.817250°E / 29.626861; 121.817250 (Xiangshan Port Bridge)		  China [15]
Langqi Min River Bridge [zh] 680 m (2,231.0 ft)
2
2013
 Fuzhou, Fujian
26°5′57″N 119°32′13.1″E / 26.09917°N 119.536972°E / 26.09917; 119.536972 (Langqi Min River Bridge)		  China [16]
Second Fengdu Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 680 m (2,231.0 ft)
2
2017
 Fengdu County, Chongqing
29°52′05.9″N 107°42′28.1″E / 29.868306°N 107.707806°E / 29.868306; 107.707806 (Second Fengdu Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [17]
Bianyuzhou Bridge [zh] 672 m (2,204.7 ft)
2
2021
 Huangmei County - Jiujiang, Hubei/Jiangxi

29°44′26″N 115°51′32″E / 29.74056°N 115.85889°E / 29.74056; 115.85889 (Bianyuzhou Yangtze River Bridge)

 China [18]
Baijusi Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 660 m (2,165.4 ft)
2
2022
 Dadukou District - Banan District, Chongqing
29°25′27.8″N 106°30′45.1″E / 29.424389°N 106.512528°E / 29.424389; 106.512528 (Baijusi Yangtze River Bridge) 		 China [19]
Yangmeizhou Bridge [zh] 658 m (2,158.8 ft)
2
2024
 Xiangtan, Hunan27°50′16.4″N 112°52′59.1″E / 27.837889°N 112.883083°E / 27.837889; 112.883083 (Yangmeizhou Bridge)  China [20]
Queensferry Crossing 650 m (2,132.5 ft)
3
2017
 Lothian and Fife
56°0′17″N 3°24′45″W / 56.00472°N 3.41250°W / 56.00472; -3.41250 (Queensferry Crossing)		  United Kingdom [S 15]
Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge 648 m (2,126.0 ft)
2
2005
 Nanjing, Jiangsu
31°58′13″N 118°38′29.7″E / 31.97028°N 118.641583°E / 31.97028; 118.641583 (Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge)		  China [S 16]
Wangdong Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 638 m (2,093.2 ft)
2
2016
 Wangjiang County, Anhui
30°5′26.5″N 116°46′49″E / 30.090694°N 116.78028°E / 30.090694; 116.78028 (Wangdong Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [S 17]
New Yalu River Bridge 636 m (2,086.6 ft)
2
2015
 Dandong, Liaoning - Sinuiju, North Pyongan Province
40°2′7.8″N 124°22′11.2″E / 40.035500°N 124.369778°E / 40.035500; 124.369778 (New Yalu River Bridge)		  China
 North Korea		 [21]
Tongling Yangtze River Road-railway Bridge 630 m (2,066.9 ft)
2
2015
 Tongling, Anhui
31°5′0.4″N 117°57′58.3″E / 31.083444°N 117.966194°E / 31.083444; 117.966194 (Second Tongling Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [S 18]
Second Nanjing Yangtze Bridge 628 m (2,060.4 ft)
2
2001
 Nanjing, Jiangsu
32°9′45.4″N 118°50′10.2″E / 32.162611°N 118.836167°E / 32.162611; 118.836167 (Second Nanjing Yangtze Bridge)		  China [S 19]
Jintang Bridge 620 m (2,034.1 ft)
2
2009
 Ningbo - Jintang Island, Zhejiang
30°3′38″N 121°48′16.6″E / 30.06056°N 121.804611°E / 30.06056; 121.804611 (Jintang Bridge)		  China [S 20]
Baishazhou Yangtze River Bridge 618 m (2,027.6 ft)
2
2000
 Wuhan, Hubei
30°29′24.8″N 114°14′10.4″E / 30.490222°N 114.236222°E / 30.490222; 114.236222 (Baishazhou Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [S 21]
Qianjiang Bridge [zh] 618 m (2,027.6 ft)
2
2024
 Laibin-Wuxuan, Guangxi  China [22]
Erqi Yangtze River Bridge 616 m (2,021.0 ft)
3
2011
 Wuhan, Hubei
30°37′39.5″N 114°20′31″E / 30.627639°N 114.34194°E / 30.627639; 114.34194 (Erqi Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [S 22]
Yongchuan Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 608 m (1,994.8 ft)
2
2014
 Chongqing
29°02′37.9″N 105°53′03.2″E / 29.043861°N 105.884222°E / 29.043861; 105.884222 (Yongchuan Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [23]
Qingzhou Bridge 605 m (1,984.9 ft)
2
2001
 Fuzhou, Fujian
25°59′15.9″N 119°28′17.5″E / 25.987750°N 119.471528°E / 25.987750; 119.471528 (Qingzhou Bridge)		  China [S 23]
Yangpu Bridge 602 m
2
1993
 Shanghai
31°15′24.4″N 121°32′29.4″E / 31.256778°N 121.541500°E / 31.256778; 121.541500 (Yangpu Bridge)		  China [S 24]
Nanjing Jiangxinzhou Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 600 m (1,968.5 ft)
3
2020
 Nanjing, Jiangsu
32°00′21.4″N 118°39′41.6″E / 32.005944°N 118.661556°E / 32.005944; 118.661556 (Fifth Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge) 		 China [24]
Xijiang Rail Bridge 600 m (1,968.5 ft)
2
2021
 Jiangmen-Foshan, Guangdong
22°42′1″N 113°05′47″E / 22.70028°N 113.09639°E / 22.70028; 113.09639 (Xijiang Rail Bridge) 		 China [25]
Xupu Bridge 590 m (1,935.7 ft)
2
1997
 Shanghai
31°7′45.6″N 121°27′52.8″E / 31.129333°N 121.464667°E / 31.129333; 121.464667 (Xupu Bridge)		  China [S 25]
Meiko-Chuo Bridge [ja] 590 m (1,935.7 ft)
2
1998
 Nagoya, Aichi
35°3′12.5″N 136°51′37.2″E / 35.053472°N 136.860333°E / 35.053472; 136.860333 (Meiko-Chuo Bridge)		  Japan [S 26]
Yijishan Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 588 m (1,929.1 ft)
2
2020
 Wuhu, Anhui
31°21′19.8″N 118°20′29.2″E / 31.355500°N 118.341444°E / 31.355500; 118.341444 (Yijishan Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [26]
Taoyaomen Bridge 580 m (1,902.9 ft)
2
2003
 Cezi Island - Fuchi Island, Zhoushan, Zhejiang
30°6′0.9″N 121°57′34.3″E / 30.100250°N 121.959528°E / 30.100250; 121.959528 (Taoyaomen Bridge)		  China [S 27]
Anqing Yangtze River Railway Bridge 580 m (1,902.9 ft)
2
2014
 Anqing, Anhui
30°34′20″N 117°14′57.4″E / 30.57222°N 117.249278°E / 30.57222; 117.249278 (Anqing Yangtze River Railway Bridge)		  China [S 28]
Liuguanghe Xiqian Expressway Bridge 580 m (1,902.9 ft)
2
2017
 Xiuwen-Qianxi, Guizhou
27°04′43.3″N 106°24′03.2″E / 27.078694°N 106.400889°E / 27.078694; 106.400889 (Liuguanghe Bridge Xiqian)		  China [27]
Honglian Bridge [zh] 580 m (1,902.9 ft)
2
2023
 Guangzhou, Guangdong

22°41′49″N 113°35′33″E / 22.6970°N 113.5925°E / 22.6970; 113.5925 (红莲大桥)

 China [28]
Shenzhong Corridor Zhongshan Bridge [zh] 580 m (1,902.9 ft)
2
2024
 Zhongshan, Guangdong
22°32′29″N 113°38′10″E / 22.54139°N 113.63611°E / 22.54139; 113.63611 (Shenzhong Corridor Hengmen East Bridge) 		 China [29]
Fulong Xi River Bridge [zh] 580 m (1,902.9 ft)
2
2024
 Foshan, Guangdong
22°59′59″N 112°50′20″E / 22.99972°N 112.83889°E / 22.99972; 112.83889 (Fulong Xi River Bridge) 		 China [30]
Gujin Expressway Chishuihe Bridge [zh] 575 m (1,886.5 ft)
2
2024
 Gulin, Sichuan - Jinsha, Guizhou

27°45′14″N 105°58′57″E / 27.75389°N 105.98250°E / 27.75389; 105.98250 (赤水河大桥)

 China [31]
Nanxi Xianyuan Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 572 m (1,876.6 ft)
2
2019
 Nanxi District, Sichuan
28°48′34.7″N 104°57′33.8″E / 28.809639°N 104.959389°E / 28.809639; 104.959389 (Nanxi Xianyuan Yangtze River Bridge) 		 China [32]
Huanggang Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 567 m (1,860.2 ft)
2
2014
 Huanggang, Hubei
30°31′57.6″N 114°49′58.5″E / 30.532667°N 114.832917°E / 30.532667; 114.832917 (Huanggang Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [S 29]
Yumenkou Yellow River Road Bridge [zh] 565 m (1,853.7 ft)
2
2020
 Hancheng, Shaanxi - Hejin, Shanxi
35°39′17.4″N 110°36′4.62″E / 35.654833°N 110.6012833°E / 35.654833; 110.6012833 (Yumenkou Yellow River Road Bridge) 		 China [33]
Rio–Antirrio bridge 560 m (1,837.3 ft)
4
2004
 Rio, Peloponnese - Antirrio, Aetolia-Acarnania
38°19′13.9″N 21°46′23.3″E / 38.320528°N 21.773139°E / 38.320528; 21.773139 (Rio–Antirrio bridge)		  Greece [S 30]
Haihuang Bridge [zh] 560 m (1,837.3 ft)
2
2017
 Jainca County - Hualong Hui, Qinghai
35°50′12.4″N 102°05′06.5″E / 35.836778°N 102.085139°E / 35.836778; 102.085139 (Haihuang Bridge)		  China [S 31]
Zunyu Expressway Xiang River Bridge [zh] 560 m (1,837.3 ft)
2
2021
 Weng'an, Guizhou

27°26′52″N 107°15′52″E / 27.44778°N 107.26444°E / 27.44778; 107.26444 (施播高速湘江大桥)

 China [34][35]
Pingtang Bridge 550 m (1,804.5 ft)
3
2019
 Pingtang, Guizhou
25°47′09.2″N 107°03′20.1″E / 25.785889°N 107.055583°E / 25.785889; 107.055583 (Pingtang Bridge) 		 China
Can Tho Bridge 550 m (1,804.5 ft)
2
2010
 Cần Thơ, Mekong Delta
10°2′5.6″N 105°48′46.3″E / 10.034889°N 105.812861°E / 10.034889; 105.812861 (Can Tho Bridge)		  Vietnam [S 32]
Changmen Bridge [zh] 550 m (1,804.5 ft)
2
2019
 Fuzhou, Fujian
26°8′3.23″N 119°35′31.72″E / 26.1342306°N 119.5921444°E / 26.1342306; 119.5921444 (Changmen Bridge) 		 China [36]
Zhoudai Bridge [zh] 550 m (1,804.5 ft)
3
2021
 Zhoushan, Zhejiang

30°13′37″N 122°0′41″E / 30.22694°N 122.01139°E / 30.22694; 122.01139 (舟岱大桥主通航孔桥)

 China [37]
Busan Harbor Bridge 540 m (1,771.7 ft)
2
2014
 Busan, Yeongnam
35°6′21.1″N 129°3′54.5″E / 35.105861°N 129.065139°E / 35.105861; 129.065139 (Busan Harbor Bridge)		  South Korea [S 33]
La Pepa Bridge 540 m (1,771.7 ft)
2
2015
 Cádiz, Andalusia
36°31′23.4″N 6°15′56″W / 36.523167°N 6.26556°W / 36.523167; -6.26556 (La Pepa Bridge)		  Spain [S 34]
Godeok-Topyeong Bridge 540 m (1,771.7 ft)
2
2025
 Gangdong District, Seoul - Guri, Gyeonggi Province
37°34′17.6″N 127°08′57.3″E / 37.571556°N 127.149250°E / 37.571556; 127.149250 (Godeok-Topyeong Bridge)		  South Korea [38]
Shachengwan Bridge [zh] 535 m (1,755.2 ft)
2
2021
 Fuding, Fujian

27°14′22.25″N 120°17′33.81″E / 27.2395139°N 120.2927250°E / 27.2395139; 120.2927250 (Shachengwan Bridge)

 China [39]
Pingtan Strait Rail-Road Bridge [zh] 532 m (1,745.4 ft)
2
2020
 Changle - Pingtan County, Fujian
25°41′45.7″N 119°37′40.6″E / 25.696028°N 119.627944°E / 25.696028; 119.627944 (Pingtan Strait Rail-Road Bridge)		  China [40][41]
Skarnsund Bridge 530 m (1,738.8 ft)
2
1991
 Inderøy, Trøndelag
63°50′35.8″N 11°4′32.2″E / 63.843278°N 11.075611°E / 63.843278; 11.075611 (Skarnsund Bridge)		  Norway [S 35]
Atlantic Bridge, Panama 530 m (1,738.8 ft)
2
2019[42]
 Colón Province
9°18′27.9″N 79°55′05.7″W / 9.307750°N 79.918250°W / 9.307750; -79.918250 (Atlantic Bridge, Panama)		  Panama [S 36]
Yinzhouhu Bridge [zh] 530 m (1,738.8 ft)
2
2023
 Jiangmen, Guangdong
22°25′2.94″N 113°4′11.92″E / 22.4174833°N 113.0699778°E / 22.4174833; 113.0699778 (Yinzhouhu Bridge) 		 China [43]
Rongshan Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 530 m (1,738.8 ft)
2
2024
 Hejiang, Sichuan

28°50′31″N 105°54′01″E / 28.84194°N 105.90028°E / 28.84194; 105.90028 (榕山长江大桥)

 China [44]
Longli Bridge [zh] 528 m (1,732.3 ft)
2
2024
 Longli, Guizhou

26°23′14″N 106°51′00″E / 26.38722°N 106.85000°E / 26.38722; 106.85000 (龙里河大桥)

 China [45]
Lingang Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 522 m (1,712.6 ft)
2
2023
 Yibin, Sichuan

28°46′44″N 104°43′34″E / 28.77889°N 104.72611°E / 28.77889; 104.72611 (临港长江大桥)

 China [46][47]
Baluarte Bridge 520 m (1,706.0 ft)
2
2012
 Concordia, Sinaloa - Pueblo Nuevo, Durango
23°32′1.8″N 105°45′36.4″W / 23.533833°N 105.760111°W / 23.533833; -105.760111 (Baluarte Bridge)		  Mexico [S 37]
Huangyi Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 520 m (1,706.0 ft)
2
2012
 Huangyizhen, Sichuan
28°53′42.6″N 105°32′53.8″E / 28.895167°N 105.548278°E / 28.895167; 105.548278 (Huangyi Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [S 38]
Hejiang Shenbicheng Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 520 m (1,706.0 ft)
2
2023
 Hejiang, Sichuan28°52′19.02″N 105°41′50.25″E / 28.8719500°N 105.6972917°E / 28.8719500; 105.6972917 (Shenbicheng Yangtze River Bridge)  China [48]
Naxi Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 520 m (1,706.0 ft)
2
2023
 Luzhou, Sichuan28°47′32″N 105°22′09″E / 28.79222°N 105.36917°E / 28.79222; 105.36917 (纳溪长江大桥)  China [49]
Xiangbei Marshalling Station Bridge [zh] 520 m (1,706.0 ft)
2
2023
 Xiangyang, Hubei

32°07′03″N 112°09′43″E / 32.11750°N 112.16194°E / 32.11750; 112.16194 (襄阳北编组站大桥)

 China [50]
Hongqimen Bridge [zh] 520 m (1,706.0 ft)
2
2024
 Guangzhou, Guangdong

22°37′12″N 113°34′59″E / 22.62000°N 113.58306°E / 22.62000; 113.58306 (洪奇门大桥)

 China [51]
Queshi Bridge 518 m (1,699.5 ft)
2
1999
 Shantou, Guangdong
23°20′38.1″N 116°39′35.9″E / 23.343917°N 116.659972°E / 23.343917; 116.659972 (Queshi Bridge)		  China [S 39]
Gong'an Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 518 m (1,699.5 ft)
2
2018
 Gong'an County - Jiangling County, Hubei
30°04′14.4″N 112°19′39.3″E / 30.070667°N 112.327583°E / 30.070667; 112.327583 (Gongan Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [52]
Tsurumi Tsubasa Bridge 510 m (1,673.2 ft)
2
1994
 Yokohama, Kanagawa
35°28′19.3″N 139°41′57.1″E / 35.472028°N 139.699194°E / 35.472028; 139.699194 (Tsurumi Tsubasa Bridge)		  Japan [S 40]
Anqing Yangtze River Bridge 510 m (1,673.2 ft)
2
2004
 Anqing, Anhui
30°29′56.6″N 117°4′16.9″E / 30.499056°N 117.071361°E / 30.499056; 117.071361 (Anqing Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [S 41]
First Cheonsa Bridge 510 m (1,673.2 ft)
2
2019
 Amtae Island - Aphae Island, South Jeolla Province
34°51′38.2″N 126°10′16.6″E / 34.860611°N 126.171278°E / 34.860611; 126.171278 (First Cheonsa Bridge)		  South Korea [53][54]
Hongshui River Huiluo Bridge [zh] 508 m (1,666.7 ft)
2
2018
 Hongshuihezhen, Guizhou
25°10′54.8″N 106°41′12.7″E / 25.181889°N 106.686861°E / 25.181889; 106.686861 (Hongshui River Huiluo Bridge) 		 China [55]
Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge 504 m (1,653.5 ft)
2
2008
 Wuhan, Hubei
30°39′25.8″N 114°24′1.7″E / 30.657167°N 114.400472°E / 30.657167; 114.400472 (Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [S 42]
Jingzhou Yangtze River Bridge
north bridge		 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2002
 Jingzhou, Hubei
30°19′4″N 112°13′2.8″E / 30.31778°N 112.217444°E / 30.31778; 112.217444 (Jingzhou Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [S 43]
Kanchanaphisek Bridge 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2007
 Phra Pradaeng District, Samut Prakan Province
13°37′59.5″N 100°32′18.2″E / 13.633194°N 100.538389°E / 13.633194; 100.538389 (Kanchanaphisek Bridge)		  Thailand [S 44]
Sungai Johor Bridge 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2011
 Johor Bahru, Johor
1°31′54.7″N 104°1′21.4″E / 1.531861°N 104.022611°E / 1.531861; 104.022611 (Sungai Johor Bridge)		  Malaysia [S 45]
Mokpo Bridge [ko] 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2012
 Mokpo, South Jeolla Province
34°47′20.7″N 126°21′20.7″E / 34.789083°N 126.355750°E / 34.789083; 126.355750 (Pont de Mokpo}Mokpo Bridge)		  South Korea [56]
Hwatae Bridge [ko] 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2015
 Yeosu - Hwatae Island
34°35′52.5″N 127°44′6.9″E / 34.597917°N 127.735250°E / 34.597917; 127.735250 (Hwatae Bridge)		  South Korea [57]
Honghe Bridge [zh] 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
4
2020
 Zhuhai, Guangdong
22°10′10″N 113°26′4.77″E / 22.16944°N 113.4346583°E / 22.16944; 113.4346583 (Honghe Bridge) 		 China [58]
Nanjing Shangba Jiajiang Bridge [zh] 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2020
 Nanjing, Jiangsu
32°10′5.89″N 118°46′20.86″E / 32.1683028°N 118.7724611°E / 32.1683028; 118.7724611 (Shangba Bridge) 		 China [59]
Hwayang-Jobal Bridge 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2020
 Jobaldo Island - Jangsu-ri, South Jeolla Province
34°38′03.8″N 127°34′19.2″E / 34.634389°N 127.572000°E / 34.634389; 127.572000 (Hwayang-Jobal Bridge)		  South Korea [60]
Xuefenghu Bridge [zh] 500 m (1,640.4 ft)
2
2023
 Anhua, Hunan

22°17′43″N 111°05′26″E / 22.29528°N 111.09056°E / 22.29528; 111.09056 (雪峰湖大桥)

 China [61]

Cable-stayed bridges under construction

[edit]
Sortable list of cable-stayed bridges under construction, ranked by length of main span
Name Main span

metres (feet)

Number
of
pylons 		Year
to open 		Location Country Ref
Changtai Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 1,208 m (3,963.3 ft)
2
2025
 Changzhou - Taizhou, Jiangsu
31°58′53″N 120°00′03″E / 31.98139°N 120.00083°E / 31.98139; 120.00083 (Changzhou Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [62][63]
Guanyinsi Yangtze River Bridge 1,160 m (3,805.8 ft)
2
2026
 Jiangling, Hubei  China [64]
Maanshan Yangtze River Rail & Road Double Deck Bridge 1,120 m (3,674.5 ft)
3
2025
 Ma'anshan, Hubei
31°35′38″N 118°23′31″E / 31.59389°N 118.39194°E / 31.59389; 118.39194 (Maanshan Yangtze River Rail & Road Bridge) 		 China [65]
Puzhehei Bridge 930 metres (3,050 ft)
2
2026
 Shedexiang, Yunnan  China [66]
Bailizhou Yangtze River Bridge 890 m (2,919.9 ft)
2
2026
 Zhijiang, Hubei

30°24′52″N 111°46′55″E / 30.41444°N 111.78194°E / 30.41444; 111.78194 (Bailizhou Yangtze River Bridge)

 China [67]
Xiangshan Bridge 880 m (2,887.1 ft)
2
2026
 Zhongshan, Guangdong  China [68]
Gordie Howe International Bridge 853 m (2,798.6 ft)
2
2025[69]
 Detroit to Windsor  United States/ Canada [70][71]
Chizhou Yangtze River Rail-Road Bridge 812 m (2,664.0 ft)
2
2026
 Chizhou, Anhui

30°41′38″N 117°20′49″E / 30.69389°N 117.34694°E / 30.69389; 117.34694 (Chizhou Yangtze River Rail-Road Bridge)

 China [72]
Shenzhen-Jiangmen High Speed Railroad Hongqili Bridge [zh] 808 m (2,650.9 ft)
2
2028
 Zhongshan, Guangdong
  China [73]
Qinglongmen First Bridge [zh] 756 m (2,480.3 ft)
3
2028
 Ningbo - Zhoushan, Zhejiang  China [74]
Min'an Bridge 716 m (2,349.1 ft)
2
2025
 Fuzhou, Fujian  China [75]
Xiangshan Port Railway Bridge 688 m (2,257.2 ft)
2
 Ningbo - Xiangshan County, Zhejiang
29°37′36.7″N 121°49′2.1″E / 29.626861°N 121.817250°E / 29.626861; 121.817250 (Xiangshan Port Bridge) 		 China [76]
Xinshi Jinsha River Bridge [zh] 680 m (2,231.0 ft)
2
2025
 Pingshan, Sichuan - Suijiang, Yunnan  China [77]
Taoyaomen Rail Road Bridge [zh] 666 m (2,185.0 ft)
2
2025
 Cezi Island - Fuchi Island, Zhoushan
30°6′0.03″N 121°57′32.41″E / 30.1000083°N 121.9590028°E / 30.1000083; 121.9590028 (Taoyaomen Rail Road Bridge) 		 China [78]
Daxihe Bridge [zh] 650 m (2,132.5 ft)
2
2025
 Fengjie - Wushan, Chongqing  China [79]
Pingnan Xu River Bridge [zh] 636 m (2,086.6 ft)
2
2025
 Pingnan, Guangxi  China [80]
Shunxing Bridge [zh] 626 m (2,053.8 ft)
2
2025
 Foshan, Guangdong  China [81]
Fuling Shituo Yangtze River Rail/Road Bridge [zh] 608 m (1,994.8 ft)
2
2026
 Fuling District, Chongqing  China [82]
Dongying Yellow River Rail/Road Bridge [zh] 600 m (1,968.5 ft)
2
 Dongying, Shandong  China [83][84]
Hengqin Expressway Yu River Bridge [zh] 580 m (1,902.9 ft)
2
 Hengzhou, Guangxi  China [85]
Songzihe Bridge [zh] 555 m (1,820.9 ft)
2
 Songzi, Hubei  China [86]
Huangjueping Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 550 m (1,804.5 ft)
2
 Jiulongpo District - Nan'an District, Chongqing
29°29′25.2″N 106°32′53.6″E / 29.490333°N 106.548222°E / 29.490333; 106.548222 (Huangjueping Yangtze River Bridge)		  China [87]
Danjiang Xiaosanxia Bridge [zh] 536 m (1,758.5 ft)
2
2025
 Xichuan, Henan  China [88]
Qiji Yellow River Bridge [zh] 530 m (1,738.8 ft)
2
 Jinan-Qihe, Sichuan

36°43′49″N 116°51′18″E / 36.73028°N 116.85500°E / 36.73028; 116.85500 (Qiji Yellow River Bridge)

 China [89]
Anluo Expressway Yellow River Bridge [zh] 520 m (1,706.0 ft)
2
2025
 Yuanyang-Zhongmou, Guangdong  China [90]
Harbor Bridge Project 506.4 m (1,661.4 ft)
2
2023
 Corpus Christi, Texas  United States [91]

Planned and proposed bridges

[edit]
Sortable list of planned and proposed bridges, ranked by length of main span
Name Main span

metres (feet)

Status Location Notes
Nie Er Bridge 1,056 m (3,465 ft) proposed Hainan to Guangdong China The bridge will cross the Qiongzhou Strait, and include two 1408 metre suspension spans and several 1056 metre cable-stayed spans.[92]
Yangshan Zhoushan Bridge 930 m (3,050 ft) preliminary
work		 Zhoushan to Yangshan, China Sections of the bridge on Zhoushan Islands are under development
Bataan–Cavite Interlink Bridge 900 m (3,000 ft) proposed Bataan to Cavite, Philippines The bridge includes a 32.15-kilometer-long, four-lane, cable-stayed bridge that will cross the Manila Bay and connect Barangay Alas-asin in Mariveles, Bataan, and Barangay Timalan, Naic, Cavite.[93]
Fourth Panama Canal Bridge 540 m (1,770 ft) proposed Balboa, Panama Will support six vehicle lanes and the new line 3 of the Panama Metro.[94]

Longest cable-stayed bridge decks

[edit]

The definition of cable-stayed bridge deck length used here is: A continuous part of the bridge deck that is supported only by stay-cables and pylons, or are free spans. This means that columns supporting the side span as for example found in Pont de Normandie, excludes most of the side span decks from the cable-stayed deck length.

There are some bridges with long bridge decks whose span lengths have not been published, and therefore are missing. Extradosed bridges are not included. The thirty longest decks are:

legend
  main span
  multiple main spans
  side spans
Sortable list of the longest cable-stayed bridge decks, including multiple spans, ranked by length of bridge deck
Rank Cable-stayed
deck length 		Name Span arrangement
(metres)
1 2,540 m (8,330 ft) Jiaxing-Shaoxing Sea Bridge[95] 200 428 428 428 428 428 200
2 2,460 m (8,070 ft) Millau Viaduct[96] 204 342 342 342 342 342 342 204
3 2,252 m (7,388 ft) Rio-Antirio Bridge[97] 286 560 560 560 286
4 2,016 m (6,614 ft) Hutong Yangtze River Bridge[1] 462 1092 462
5 1,744 m (5,722 ft) Queensferry Crossing 222 650 650 222
6 1,688 m (5,538 ft) Sutong Yangtze River Bridge 300 1088 300
7 1,685 m (5,528 ft) Pelješac Bridge 130 285 285 285 285 285 130
8 1,648 m (5,407 ft) Honghe Bridge [zh][98] 162 500 162 162 500 162
9 1,552 m (5,092 ft) Erqi Yangtze River Bridge[99] 160 616 616 160
10 1,500 m (4,900 ft) Nhật Tân Bridge 150 300 300 300 300 150
11 1,500 m (4,900 ft) Pingtang Bridge[100] 200 550 550 200
12 1,495 m (4,905 ft) General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge[101] 160 235 235 235 235 235 160
13 1,470 m (4,820 ft) Chishi Bridge 165 380 380 380 165
14 1,422 m (4,665 ft) Second Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge [zh][7] 308 806 308
15 1,323 m (4,341 ft) Jiayu Yangtze River Bridge [zh][3] 73 920 330
16 1,320 m (4,330 ft) Incheon Bridge 260 800 260
17 1,312 m (4,304 ft) Tatara Bridge 164 890 258
18 1,310 m (4,300 ft) Dunkou Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 275 760 275
19 1,278 m (4,193 ft) Chizhou Yangtze River Bridge [zh][4] 170 828 280
20 1,272 m (4,173 ft) Russky Bridge 84 1104 84
21 1,250 m (4,100 ft) Qingshan Yangtze River Bridge [zh][102] 156 938 156
22 1,246 m (4,088 ft) Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge 258 730 258
23 1,240 m (4,070 ft) Xiamen Zhangzhou Bridge[103] 230 780 230
24 1,234 m (4,049 ft) Qingshan Yangtze River Bridge [zh][104] 148 938 148
25 1,212 m (3,976 ft) Xiangshan Port Bridge 262 688 262
26 1,194 m (3,917 ft) Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge[105] 80 816 298
27 1,190 m (3,900 ft) Shishou Yangtze River Bridge [zh][5] 80 820 290
28 1,178 m (3,865 ft) Stonecutters Bridge 80 1018 80
29 1,177 m (3,862 ft) Ting Kau Bridge 127 448 475 127
30 1,170 m (3,840 ft) Meiko-Chuo Bridge [ja] 290 590 290
31 1,170 m (3,840 ft) Baijusi Yangtze River Bridge [zh][106] 255 660 255
32 1,158 m (3,799 ft) Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge[107] 255 648 255
33 1,136 m (3,727 ft) Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge 84 818 234
34 1,128 m (3,701 ft) Wuxue Yangtze River Bridge [zh][108] 290 768 70
35 1,110 m (3,640 ft) Second Tongling Yangtze River Bridge [zh] 240 630 240

Timeline of world record lengths

[edit]

Many early suspension bridges included cable-stayed construction, including the 1817 footbridge Dryburgh Abbey Bridge, James Dredge's patented Victoria Bridge, Bath (1836), and the later Albert Bridge, London (1872), and Brooklyn Bridge (1883). Their designers found that the combination of technologies created a stiffer bridge. Albert Caquot's 1952 concrete-decked cable-stayed bridge over the Donzère-Mondragon canal at Pierrelatte is one of the first of the modern type, but had little influence on later development.[109] The steel-decked Strömsund Bridge designed by Franz Dischinger (1956) is therefore more often cited as the first modern cable-stayed bridge.[110]

This list tracks the bridge having the longest cable-stayed main span through time.

This list may be incomplete and detailed sources for pre-modern cable-stayed bridges may not be available, so the timeline might not be accurate.
Timeline of bridges with some form of cable-stay construction
Record Name Location Main span:
metres
(feet) 		Crosses Notes
1871 – 1885 Old Redheugh Bridge United Kingdom Newcastle upon Tyne 73 m (240 ft) River Tyne destroyed in 1885[S 46][111]
1885 – 1891 Järnbron [sv] Sweden Uppsala 35 m (115 ft)[112] Fyris River [S 47]
1891 – 1914 Bluff Dale Bridge United States Bluff Dale, TX 43 m (141 ft) Paluxy River [S 48]
1914 – 1922 Kaihihi Stream Bridge New Zealand Okato 52 m (171 ft) footbridge[S 49][113]
1922 – 1926 Tauranga Bridge New Zealand Ōpōtiki 58 m (190 ft) Waioeka River [S 50]
1926 – 1952 Tempul Aqueduct Spain Jerez de la Frontera 60 m (200 ft) Guadalete River [S 51]
1952 – 1956 Donzère-Mondragon Bridge France Pierrelatte 81 m (266 ft) Donzère-Mondragon Canal [S 52]
1956 – 1957 Strömsund Bridge Sweden Strömsund 182 m (597 ft) Ströms vattudal [S 53]
1957 – 1959 Theodor Heuss Bridge Germany Düsseldorf 260 m (850 ft) Rhine [S 54]
1959 – 1969 Severin Bridge [de] Germany Cologne 302 m (991 ft) Rhine [S 55]
1969 – 1971 Kniebrücke Germany Düsseldorf 319 m (1,047 ft) Rhine [S 56]
1971 – 1974 Duisburg-Neuenkamp Bridge [de] Germany Duisburg 350 m (1,150 ft) Rhine [S 57]
1974 – 1983 Saint-Nazaire Bridge France Saint-Nazaire 404 m (1,325 ft) Loire River [S 58]
1983 – 1986 Ingeniero Carlos Fernández Casado Bridge Spain León 440 m (1,440 ft) Barrios de Luna Reservoir [S 59]
1986 – 1991 Alex Fraser Bridge Canada Vancouver 465 m (1,526 ft) Fraser River [S 60]
1991 – 1993 Skarnsund Bridge Norway Inderøy 530 m (1,740 ft) Skarnsundet [S 35]
1993 – 1995 Yangpu Bridge China Shanghai 602 m (1,975 ft) Huangpu River [S 24]
1995 – 1999 Pont de Normandie France Le Havre 856 m (2,808 ft) Seine River [S 7]
1999 – 2008 Tatara Bridge Japan Imabari 890 m (2,920 ft) Inland Sea [S 6]
2008 – 2012 Sutong Bridge China Nantong - Changsu 1,088 m (3,570 ft) Yangtze River [S 3]
2012 – Russky Bridge Russia Vladivostok 1,104 m (3,622 ft) Eastern Bosphorus [S 1]

See also

[edit]
Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Russky Bridge (Vladivostok, 2012)". structurae.net.
  2. ^ "Husutong Yangtze River Bridge (Nantong, 2020)". structurae.net.
  3. ^ a b "Sutong Bridge (Suzhou, 2008)". structurae.net.
  4. ^ "Stonecutters Bridge (Tsing Yi, 2009)". structurae.net.
  5. ^ "Edong Yangtze River Bridge (Huangshi, 2010)". structurae.net.
  6. ^ a b "Tatara Bridge (Ikuchi/Ohmishima, 1999)". structurae.net.
  7. ^ a b "Normandy Bridge (Le Havre/Honfleur, 1995)". structurae.net.
  8. ^ "Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge (Jiujiang, 2013)". structurae.net.
  9. ^ "Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge (Hubei/Hunan, 2010)". structurae.net.
  10. ^ "Incheon Bridge (Incheon, 2009)". structurae.net.
  11. ^ "Zolotoy Rog Bridge (Vladivostok, 2012)". structurae.net.
  12. ^ "Chongming North Bridge (Shanghai, 2009)". structurae.net.
  13. ^ "Duge Bridge (Liupanshui, 2016)". structurae.net.
  14. ^ "Minpu Bridge (Shanghai, 2010)". structurae.net.
  15. ^ "Queensferry Crossing (Queensferry/North Queensferry, 2017)". structurae.net.
  16. ^ "Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge (Nanjing, 2005)". structurae.net.
  17. ^ "Wangdong Bridge (Anhui, 2016)". structurae.net.
  18. ^ "Tongling Road-Rail Bridge (Tongling, 2015)". structurae.net.
  19. ^ "Second Nanjing Yangtse River Bridge (Nanjing, 2001)". structurae.net.
  20. ^ "Jintang Bridge (Ningbo/Zhoushan, 2009)". structurae.net.
  21. ^ "Baishazhou Yangtze River Bridge (Wuhan, 2000)". structurae.net.
  22. ^ "Erqi Yangtze River Bridge (Wuhan, 2011)". structurae.net.
  23. ^ "Qingzhou Minjiang Bridge (Fuzhou, 2002)". structurae.net.
  24. ^ a b "Yangpu Bridge (Shanghai, 1993)". structurae.net.
  25. ^ "Xupu Bridge (Shanghai, 1997)". structurae.net.
  26. ^ "Meiko-Chuo Bridge (Nagoya, 1998)". structurae.net.
  27. ^ "Taoyaomen Bridge (Zhoushan, 2003)". structurae.net.
  28. ^ "Anqing Yangtze River Rail Bridge (Anqing, 2015)". structurae.net.
  29. ^ "Huanggang Bridge (Hubei, 2014)". structurae.net.
  30. ^ "Rion-Antirion Bridge (Rion/Antirion, 2004)". structurae.net.
  31. ^ "中铁宝桥承建的青海海黄大桥合龙". Gcb.crec.cn (in Chinese). 11 January 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  32. ^ "Cuu Long Bridge (Cần Thơ, 2009)". structurae.net.
  33. ^ "Bukhang Bridge (Busan, 2014)". structurae.net.
  34. ^ "La Pepa Bridge (Cádiz, 2015)". structurae.net.
  35. ^ a b "Skarnsund Bridge (Inderøy, 1991)". structurae.net.
  36. ^ "Atlantic Bridge (Colón, 2019)". structurae.net.
  37. ^ "Baluarte Bridge (Durango/Sinaloa, 2012)". structurae.net.
  38. ^ "Huangyi Bridge (Luzhou, 2012)". structurae.net.
  39. ^ "Queshi Bridge (Shantou, 1999)". structurae.net.
  40. ^ "Tsurumi Tsubasa Bridge (Yokohama, 1994)". structurae.net.
  41. ^ "Anqing Yangtze River Road Bridge (Anqing, 2004)". structurae.net.
  42. ^ "Tianxingzhou Bridge (Wuhan, 2009)". structurae.net.
  43. ^ "Jingzhou Yangtze River Bridge (Jingzhou, 2002)". structurae.net.
  44. ^ "Kanchanaphisek Bridge (Bangkok, 2007)". structurae.net.
  45. ^ "Sungai Johor Bridge (Johor Bahru, 2011)". structurae.net.
  46. ^ "Newcastle Bridge (Newcastle upon Tyne, 1871)". structurae.net.
  47. ^ "Järnbron (Uppsala, 1848)". structurae.net.
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Further reading

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