View text source at Wikipedia

List of transport megaprojects

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This is a list of megaprojects within the transport sector. Take care in comparing the cost of projects from different times—even a few years apart—due to inflation; comparing nominal costs without taking this into account can be highly misleading. Note that inflation-calculated values are current as of 2023.

According to the Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management in 2017, "Megaprojects are large-scale, complex ventures that typically cost $1 billion or more, take many years to develop and build, involve multiple public and private stakeholders, are transformational, and impact millions of people".[1]

Completed projects

[edit]
Project Description Country Location Est. cost (in billions USD) at or near time of completion Est. cost (in billions USD), adjusted for inflation Start of construction Year of completion Image Notes
Tokaido Shinkansen High-speed rail  Japan Taiheiyō Belt 1.06[2] 7.96 1959 1964
Map of Tokaidō Shinkansen, with the Tokaidō Shinkansen route shown in orange and stops labeled
Map of Tokaidō Shinkansen
 Original segment of the first shinkansen line
Çanakkale 1915 Bridge Bridge (road)  Turkey Çanakkale 4[3] 4.44 2017 2022
Spans two continents. Longest suspension bridge span in the world.[4]
Sha Tin to Central Link Rapid transit  Hong Kong  Hong Kong, From Tai Wai, New Territories to Admiralty, Hong Kong Island 11.6[5] 13 2012 2022
HK$90.7 billion[5]
La Línea Tunnel Tunnel (road)  Colombia Cordillera Central 0.27[6] 0.31 2009 2020
Diagram showing cross-section of the tunnel through a mountain
Cross-section of the tunnel
Thameslink Programme Commuter rail upgrade  United Kingdom Southeast England 8.97[7] 10.4 2009 2020
Construction occurring at the Blackfriars Underground station work site during the Thameslink Programme rebuilding, as seen from platform 5 of the Blackfriars mainline station.
Blackfriars Underground station work site
 (GBP7bn)[7]
Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel Tunnel (road)  United States Seattle 3.3[8] 3.9 2013 2019
Santiago Metro Line 3, Phase One and 2023 extension. Rapid transit  Chile Santiago 2.17[9][10] 2.41 2012 2023
Combined cost of initial line and extension.[9][10]
Santiago Metro Line 6 Rapid transit  Chile Santiago 1.26[11] 1.54 2014 2017
Map of Line 6. Runs east and then north around outskirts of central Santiago
Map of Line 6
Crimean Bridge Bridge (rail/road)  Russia (one end is recognized internationally as being owned by Ukraine, but is de facto controlled by Russia) 3.7[12] 4.4 2015 2019
Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge Bridge–tunnel  China  Hong Kong, China Zhuhai, and  Macau 19.2[13] 23 2009 2018 ¥127 billion
New Tappan Zee Bridge Bridge (road)  United States South Nyack to Tarrytown, New York 3.98[14] 4.76 2013 2018
Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway Railway  Israel Israel Jerusalem, Israel 1.9-2.5[15] 2.3-3 2001 2004 (first section)

2007 (second section)

2018 (final section)

NIS7-9 billion[15]
Abuja Light Rail (phase 1 nearing completion)[16] Light Rail  Nigeria Abuja 2.7[16][17] 3.2 2007 2018 Abuja Rail Mass Transit
Noord/Zuidlijn Rapid transit line  Netherlands Amsterdam 4.32[18] 5.96 2002 2018 2011-05-12 Startschacht Damrak (€3.1bn)
Klang Valley MRT Line 1 Rapid transit  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 11.7[19] 15.4 2012 2017 MRT SBK Semantan station2 (MYR36B)
Ionia Odos Highway  Greece Western Greece 1.8[20] 2.3 2007 2017 (€1.4bn)
Otoyol 5 Highway  Turkey Istanbul to İzmir 7[21] 8.2 2013 2019
Including Osman Gazi Bridge which has the 8th longest suspension bridge span in the world.[22]
German Unification Transport Projects (Verkehrsprojekt Deutsche Einheit) Transport project to achieve the German Unity  Germany  Germany 42[23] 51.4 1991 2016 – continues expansion until 2020 Karte Verkehrsprojekte Deutsche Einheit
AVE - Spain's high-speed railway network High-speed rail  Spain  Spain 44[24] 55.8 1992 2016 - continues expansion 40[24] billion euros
Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge Bridge (rail/road)  Turkey Istanbul 2[25] 2.6 2013 2016 World's fifth-tallest bridge of any type.[26]
Evergreen Point Floating Bridge Bridge (road)  United States Seattle and Medina, Washington 4.56[27] 5.68 2012 2016
Eurasia Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, road)  Turkey Istanbul 1.3[28] 1.6 2011 2016
Spans two continents.
Gotthard Base Tunnel Tunnel (rail)   Switzerland Swiss Alps 9.7[29] 12.1 1999 2016 (CHF 9.56 billion)[29]
World Trade Center Transportation Hub Transit center and retail  United States New York City 3.9[30] 4.9 2006 2016
Blanka tunnel complex Tunnel (road)  Czechia Prague 1.75[31] 2.2 2006 2015 43bn Kč[31]
Adler–Krasnaya Polyana road and railway Highway and railway  Russia  Russia 9.4[32] 11.9
2010
 2014
Budapest Metro Line 4 Rapid transit line  Hungary Budapest 1.95[33][34] 2.52 2004 2014 (HUF 452.5 bn)
Marina Coastal Expressway Highway  Singapore  Singapore 3.4[35][36] 4.4 2008 2013[37] (S$4.3 bn)
Marmaray Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, rail)  Turkey Istanbul 4.5[38] 5 2004 2008(Phase I)
2013(Phase II) 		Deepest immersed tube tunnel in the world.
Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge Bridge (road)  United States San Francisco Bay Area 6.5[39] 8.4 2002 2013
Russky Bridge Bridge (road)  Russia Vladivostok (Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula) and Russky Island 1.1[40] 1.4 2008 2012
Freeway Durango-Mazatlán and Baluarte Bridge Highway and road bridge  Mexico Durango – Sinaloa 1.46[41][42] 1.9 2008 2012
Jiaozhou Bay Bridge Bridge (road)  China Shandong 1.5[43] 2 2007 2011
Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway High-speed rail  China Eastern China (Beijing to Shanghai, via Tianjin and Nanjing) 33.1[44] 44.2 2008 2011 (RMB 220.9bn)
Clem Jones Tunnel Tunnel (road)  Australia Brisbane 3.3[45] 4.4 2006 2010 (AUD3.2bn)
CBD and South East Light Rail Light rail  Australia Sydney 2.3[46] 2.6 2015 2019 (AUD 3.1bn)[46]
Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway High-speed rail  China  China 17.1[47] 23.6 2005 2009 (RMB 116.6bn)
Egnatia Odos Highway  Greece Northern Greece 8.4[48] 11.6 1994 2009 (€5.9bn)
Incheon Bridge Bridge (road)  South Korea Incheon 2.12[49] 2.9 2005 2009 (₩2.45 trillion; source listed that as being equivalent to US$2.12 billion)
Sound Transit '1 line'

(initial segment)

Light rail  United States Seattle metropolitan area 2.9[50] 4 2003 2009
Bologna–Florence high-speed railway High-speed rail  Italy  Italy 7.8[51] 10.6 1996 2009
(€5.89 billion)[51]
Milan–Bologna high-speed railway High-speed rail  Italy  Italy 9.2[51] 12.6 1993 2008 (€6.92 billion)[51]
Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway High-speed rail  China Beijing and Tianjin[52] 2.34[53] 3.3 2005 2008
High Speed 1 High-speed rail  United Kingdom South East England 13.7[54] 19.4 1998 2007
Diagram of High Speed 1's route, showing a connection with the Channel Tunnel
Map overview of the rail's route
 (£6.84 billion)[54]
Lötschberg Base Tunnel

(initial bore)

Tunnel (rail)   Switzerland Swiss Alps 3.6[55] 5.1 1999 2007 (CHF 4.3 billion)[55]
Copenhagen Metro phase 1-3 Rapid transit  Denmark Copenhagen 1.47[56] 2.1 1996 2007 11,400,000,000 DKK
"Big Dig" Central Artery/Tunnel Project Tunnel (road)  United States Boston 22[57] 30.6 1991 2007 14.6 billion USD; additional $7 billion in interest
Colorado T-REX Project (TRansportation EXpansion) Highway & Light rail upgrade  United States Denver 1.7[58] 2.5 2001 2006
Shanghai Maglev Train High-speed rail, Maglev  China Shanghai 1.4[59] 2.2 2001 2004
Red Line and Purple Line Rapid transit  United States Los Angeles 4.5[60] 7.6 1986 2000 represents expenditure prior to the D Line Extension
Toei Ōedo Line Rapid transit  Japan Tokyo 8.68[61] 14.9 1988 2000 (¥988.6 billion in 1999 yen values)
Jubilee Line Extension Rapid transit line  United Kingdom London 6.83[62] 9.32 1993 1999 3.5 billion GBP

6.83 billion USD is for 2010 prices[62]

Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Project Bridges

17 bridges connecting the islands of Honshū and Shikoku

 Japan  Japan 48[63] 82.6 1978 1999 4 trillion Yen
Øresund Bridge Bridge–tunnel (rail/road)  Denmark,  Sweden  Denmark -  Sweden 5.7[64] 9.8 1995 1999 (DKK30.1bn)
Great Belt Fixed Link Bridge–tunnel (rail/road)  Denmark  Denmark 3.2 7.1 1988 1998 (DKK21.4bn)[65]
Vasco da Gama Bridge Bridge (road)  Portugal Lisbon 1.3[66] 2.4 1995 1998 (€897m / 180bn PTE)
Akashi-Kaikyō Bridge Bridge (road)  Japan Kobe 5[67] 8.7 1988 1998
Channel Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, rail) Strait of Dover, English Channel between the  United Kingdom and  France 15.4[68] 28.7 1988 1994 (GBP9.5bn)
Interstate Highway System Highway Network  United States  United States 114[69] 608 1956 1992[70][71] 425 billion in 2006 dollars[72] 548 billion in 2021 dollars[73]
Baikal–Amur Mainline Railway  Soviet Union (modern-day  Russia) Sovetskaya Gavan to Tayshet (modern-day Russia) 15[74] 37.2 1974 1984
Bay Area Rapid Transit Rapid transit  United States San Francisco Bay Area 1.586[75] 6.6 1964 1976 - continues expansion $11.6 billion adjusted for inflation
St. Lawrence Seaway Canal system  United States,  Canada St Lawrence River and North American Great Lakes between the  United States and  Canada 0.470[76] 3.8 1954 1959
Caracas-La Guaira highway Highway  Venezuela Greater Caracas 0.06[77][78] 0.5 1950 1953
Trans-Siberian Railway Railway  Russian Empire (modern-day  Russia) Moscow to Russian Far East (Vladivostok) (modern-day Russia) 0.770[79] 14.9 1891 1916
Panama Canal Canal  Panama  Panama 0.375[80] 8.4 1881 1914
First transcontinental railroad Railway  United States Omaha, Nebraska, to Sacramento, California 0.1[81] 2 1863 1869 $2.03 billion adjusted for inflation
Suez Canal Canal  Khedivate of Egypt (modern-day  Egypt) Sinai Peninsula, Khedivate of Egypt (modern-day Egypt) 0.082[82] 1.7 1859 1869
Suez Canal expansion Canal expansion  Egypt Sinai Peninsula 8[83] 10.1 2014 2015
Silver Line Rapid transit  United States Northern Virginia 6[84] 6.7 2009 2014 (Phase 1)

2022 (Phase 2)

WMATA Alstom 6000 Series On The Silver Line
WMATA Alstom 6000 Series On The Silver Line
 While the Silver Line runs through Maryland and through Washington, D.C., the actual new sections of railway were all located in Northern Virginia.
Mid-Coast Extension of the Blue Line (San Diego Trolley) Light rail  United States San Diego 2.17[85][86] 2.41 2016 2021
Green Line Extension Light rail  United States Greater Boston 2.28[87] 2.5 2012 2022
The new Lechmere station under construction in May 2020. The tracks at this station are elevated.
The new Lechmere station under construction in May 2020
Highway Vespucio Oriente Tunnel (road)  Chile Santiago 1.1 1.2 2017 2022
East Side Access project (including Grand Central Madison station) Transit center, commuter rail  United States New York City 11.1[88] 12.3 2007 2023
The East Side Access project, including Grand Central Madison station, allows Long Island Rail Road service to Grand Central Terminal.
Taichung Metro Rapid transit  Taiwan Taichung 2.08[89] 2.41 2009 2021
Almaty Metro Rapid transit  Kazakhstan Almaty 1[90] 1.3 1988 (was temporarily suspended as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union) 2011
Dubai Metro Rapid transit  United Arab Emirates Dubai 7.62[91] 10.52 2009
Canada Line Rapid transit  Canada Greater Vancouver 1.79[92] 2.47 2005 2009
Map of Vancouver's transit lines in 2016, showing Canada Line in sky blue
Canada Line (sky blue) as part of the Metro Vancouver transit system in 2016
 $2.05 billion CAD – set as the value for 2009, though estimate was originally made in 2006
Second Avenue Subway, Phase 1 Rapid transit  United States New York City 4.4[93] 5.5 2007 2017
Inflation is based on 2016, as the line opened on January 1 of 2017; construction was thus technically completed before then.
Silicon Valley BART extension, Phase I Rapid transit  United States San Francisco Bay Area 2.3[94] 2.7 2012 2020
Algiers Metro (original section of Line 1) Rapid transit  Algeria Algiers 1.2[95] 1.6 1982 (was suspended for a time) 2011
Changsha Metro, Line 2 Rapid transit  China Changsha 1.8[96] 2.2 2009 2014
Doha Metro Rapid transit  Qatar Doha 36[97][98] 42.3 2013 2019
Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway Railway  Kenya Mombasa

NairobiNaivasha

5.3[99] 6.2 2013 2019
Original phase: $3.8bn and extension: 1.5bn[99]
Edinburgh Trams Light rail  United Kingdom Edinburgh 1.72[100] 2.18 2008 2014
(£1.043bn)[100]
Padma Bridge Bridge (rail/road)  Bangladesh Padma River 3.6[101] 4 2014 2022
Woodrow Wilson Bridge Bridge (Bascule)  United States Washington metropolitan area 2.357[102] 3.04 2000 2013
Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge (original/upper deck) Bridge (road)  United States New York City 0.320[103] 2.4 1959 1964
AirTrain JFK People mover  United States New York City 1.9[104] 3 1998 2003
While it does serve passengers within JFK, it was primarily built for transport between the airport and the city.
Taiwan High Speed Rail High-speed rail  Taiwan  Taiwan 14.63[105] 20.72 2000 2007
480.6 billion converted to USD in 2007 dollars is $14.63 billion.[106]
Goethals Bridge (replacement) Bridge (road)  United States New York City and New Jersey 1.25[107] 1.49 2014 2017 (New eastbound span)

2018 (New westbound span)

Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge Bridge (rail)  China Shanghai and Nanjing 8.5[108] 11.36 2006 2011 (construction ended in 2010; opened in 2011)
Bolshaya Koltsevaya line Rapid transit  Russia Moscow 8.59[109] 10.5 2011 2023
Seikan Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, rail)  Japan Tsugaru Strait 8.58[110] 19.1 1971 1988
Rennes Metro Line B Rapid transit  France Rennes 1.405[111] 1.56 2014 2022
Line B in green
 €1.342 billion converted to USD based on average rate for 2022
Paris Métro Line 14 (original segment) Rapid transit  France Paris 1.2682[112] 1.961 1993 2007
Inflation clock starting in 2004
Crossrail 1 Commuter rail, Rapid transit  United Kingdom Greater London 23.0[113] 25.5 2007 2023[114]
A new 73m (117 km) railway line in England, serving London, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire & Essex.

Core section opened May 24, 2022, full integration of routes and completion expected by May 2023.[114]

Regional Connector Light rail tunnel  United States Downtown Los Angeles 1.8[115] 1.9 2014 2023
IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line Rapid transit  United States New York City 0.06[116] 1.44 1900 Complete line: 1908
Lekki Port Seaport  Nigeria Lekki 1.5[117] 1.6 2015 2023
Ohio River Bridges Project Bridges and interchange reconfiguration  United States Louisville metropolitan area 2.3[118] 2.78 2014 2017
A new motorway project near Louisville, Kentucky. Major works included two new bridges across the Ohio River; a short tunnel section; and reconstruction of interchange ramps.
Lagos Rail Mass Transit Rapid transit, Commuter rail  Nigeria Lagos 3.6[119][120] 3.7 2009 2023 (Blue Line)
2024 (Red Line)
Upgrades to Metro-North Railroad's Harmon Shop at Croton-on-Hudson Improvements to a maintenance and operations hub  United States Croton-on-Hudson, New York 1.1[121] 1.1 2001[122] 2024[122]
Milan Metro Line 4 Rapid transit  Italy Milan 2.24[123] 2.6 2014[124] 2022 (Phase One)
2023 (Phase Two)
2024 (Phase Three)
Map of Milan with the M4 route as a solid blue line, with markers and names for all the stations along the route
Map of the M4 line
 Roughly €1.9 billion as of April 2020.
Caltrain Modernization Program (CalMod) Commuter rail  United States San Francisco Bay Area 2.44[125] 2.44 2017 2024

Partially completed and open

[edit]
Project Description Country Location Est. cost (in billions USD) at or near time of completion Est. cost (in billions USD), adjusted for inflation Start of construction Year of completion Image Notes
Confederation Line Rapid transit  Canada Ottawa 5.1[126] 6 2013[127] Completed
2019 (stage 1)
Expected
2026 (stage 2)
$2.1 billion + $4.66 billion CA$[126]
Lusail Tram Light rail  Qatar Lusail 2.7 as of 2014[128] 3.4 2016 Completed

2022 (First part of orange line)

Expected

Unclear timeline for rest of lines/stations

Hyderabad Metro Rapid transit  India Hyderabad 2.4 as of November 2017[129] 2.9 2012 Completed

2018 (First stretch)

2020 (Second stretch)

Expected

Unclear timeline for rest of lines/stations

Trans-Sumatra Toll Road Highway  Indonesia Sumatra 33.2[130] 36.8 Completed
Several segments at varying times (2019-2022)
Expected
2023, 2024 (Remaining segments)
K Line Light rail  United States Los Angeles 2.1[131] 2.3 2014 Completed
2022 (first section)
Expected
2024 (rest of line)
WestConnex Tunnel (road)  Australia Sydney 14[132] 17.6 2015 Completed
Several segments at varying times (2016-2023)
Expected
2023 (Remaining segments)
($16.8 billion AUD)
Skyline Railway  United States Oʻahu 12.4[133] 13.8 2011 Completed
2023 (Phase 1)
Expected
2025 (Phase 2)
2031 (Phase 3)
Sydney Metro Rapid transit  Australia Sydney 14.9[134] 15.8 2013 Completed
2019 (Phase 1)
Expected
2030 (remaining phases)
Map of Sydney North Western Line and the City and South Western Line overlayed on top of the existing rail network
 AUD $20.5 billion (Stage 1 and 2)[134]
El Insurgente Commuter rail  Mexico State of Mexico; Mexico City 2.8[135] 3.2 2015 Completed
2023 (Zinacantepec to Lerma)
2024 (Lerma to Santa Fe)
Expected
2024 (Santa Fe to Observatorio)
Kınalı-Balıkesir Motorway Highway  Turkey Tekirdağ to Balıkesir 2[136] 2.5 2017 Completed
2023 (Malkara-Lapseki)
Expected
2024 (remaining phases)
A-1 motorway Highway  Montenegro  Montenegro 3.7[137][138] 3.8 2015[139] Completed
2023 (first 43 km section)

Expected
2024 (Andrijevica segment)

(2.77 billion €)
Réseau express métropolitain Light rail, Rapid transit  Canada Montreal 5.5[140] 6.1 2018 Completed
2023 (first segment)

Expected
2027[141]

67 km of rails, 26 stations, automated light metro. Cost estimated in June 2021 to be CA$6.9 billion.
Tel Aviv Light Rail Light rail  Israel Tel Aviv 5.8[142][143] 6.4 2011 Completed
2023 (Red Line)

Expected
2028

NIS18.8 billion

Under construction

[edit]
Project Description Country Location Approximate cost (in billions USD) Start of construction Planned year of completion Image Notes
Silver Line Commuter rail  United States Dallas 1.9[144] 2020 2025
Also known as the "Cotton Belt Line"
Purple Line Light rail  United States Maryland suburbs of Washington, D.C. 3.4[145] 2017 (halted in 2020); resumed in 2022 2027[146]
Map depicting the purple line's route in relation to the Washington Metro's train lines. The map is fairly schematic and not very geographically accurate.
Map showing the Purple Line's intersection points with the Washington Metro
Red & Purple Modernization Rapid transit  United States Chicago 2.1[147] 2019 2025
Thessaloniki Metro Rapid transit  Greece Thessaloniki 1.83[148] 2006 2024[149]
Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link Tunnel (undersea, rail/road)  Denmark,  Germany Fehmarn to Lolland 8.75[150] 2019[150] 2028[150]
Lagos-Kano Standard Gauge Railway Railway  Nigeria From Lagos to Kano 8.3[151][152] 2011 TBA
Badagry Deep Sea Port Seaport  Nigeria Badagry 2.3[153] 2024[154] TBA
Fourth Mainland Bridge Bridge (road)  Nigeria Across the lagoon to connect Ikorodu and Lekki 4.2[155] 2024 TBA
California High-Speed Rail High-speed rail  United States California 80.3[156] 2015 2033
(Phase I)
A topographic map of California with California High-Speed Rail
class=notpageimage|
Locations of planned California High-Speed Rail route. Phase I: black; Phase II: dark blue. (The separate Brightline West system is shown in light blue.) Route is approximate in some places.
China Pakistan Economic Corridor Economic corridor  Pakistan,  China Pakistan Gwadar to China Kashgar 65[157] 2015 2030
Barcelona Metro line 9 Rapid transit line  Spain Barcelona 26.3[158] 2009 2027[159] (€19bn)
Santiago Metro Line 7 Rapid transit line  Chile Santiago 2.5[160] 2022[161] 2027
Map of Santiago Metro Line 7
Map of the line
Cross River Rail Commuter rail tunnel  Australia Brisbane 4.7[162] 2017 2026[162]
AUD $6.3 billion
Metro Tunnel Commuter rail tunnel  Australia Melbourne 9.46[163] 2018 2025
Map of the Metro Tunnel project in Melbourne, new 9km twin rail tunnels running through the CBD with five underground stations. New tunnel is depicted in blue with existing metropolitan rail lines in grey. The new line will connect the Sunbury line in the west with the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines in the east, with a future branch (not depicted) to the airport.
Map of the Metro Tunnel in blue and existing railway lines in grey
 AUD $12.58 billion
Suburban Rail Loop Rapid transit  Australia Melbourne 23.31-43.61[164] 2022 2035-2053[a]
The map of the Suburban Rail Loop East (Lime, Cyan, Orange and Green) placed on top of the Victorian Train Map post Metro Tunnel (Grey and Purple)
 AUD $31–58 billion
NHDP/ Bharatmala Highway upgrade  India  India 207.6 (total)

(NHDP: 53.2, 75.3 in 2023)[165]

(Bharatmala: 132.4)[166]

2000 2018: (NHDP)

2026: Bharatmala Phase I[167]

Phase II was set to start in 2024, but now is uncertain[168]

NH 47 between Coimbatore and Salem in Tamil Nadu, India.
 (INR 4.5 trillion).This project was partially completed by 2018 and was then subsumed under the Bharatmala project.
Agua Negra Tunnel Tunnel (road)  Argentina,  Chile Argentina San Juan, Argentina, & Chile Coquimbo Region 1.5[169] 2018 2027
Fastracks Light rail, Commuter rail  United States Denver 6.5[170] 2006 2044
City Rail Link Commuter rail  New Zealand Auckland 3.4[171] 2015 2025
(NZD$5.5bn)
Line 5 Eglinton Light rail  Canada Toronto 10.26[172] 2010 2024
Grand Paris Express Rapid transit  France Île-de-France (Paris region) 48[173] 2016 2030 4 new lines, 200 km, 72 new stations
Scarborough Subway Extension Rapid transit  Canada Toronto 3[174] 2022 2029-2030
CA$3.982 billion, 3 stops, 7.8 km [175]
Tehran-Shomal Freeway, 121 km Highway  Iran Tehran Province and Mazandaran Province 1.7[176] 1996 2024?

(sections 1,2, & 4 are already complete)

(HUF 452bn)
Stuttgart 21 Railway & Urban Development  Germany Stuttgart 10.8[177] 2010 2025
€9.15 billion[177]
Birmingham Northern Beltline (I-422) Highway  United States Birmingham, Alabama 5.4[178] 2014 2047
Brenner Base Tunnel Tunnel (rail)  Austria,  Italy Austria Innsbruck to Italy Franzensfeste 11[179] 2008 2032
Koralm Tunnel Tunnel (rail)  Austria Styria / Carinthia 6.2[180] 2009 2026
(€5.4 bn)
Semmering Base Tunnel Tunnel (rail)  Austria Lower Austria / Styria 4.6[181] 2012 2024
(€3.9 bn)
Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor High-Speed Rail  India From Ahmedabad to Mumbai 20[182] 2019 2026 (partial), 2027 (complete)
(₹1.6 lakh crore)
Sagarmala Seaport  India Coastal areas of India 80.9[183] 2017 2035 (₹6.5 lakh crore, only counting current projects)
High Speed 2 High Speed Railway  United Kingdom England 106.4[184] 2017[185] 2033 330 mi/530 km of High Speed track,[186] 5 stations and West Coast Mainline integration
Northern Powerhouse Rail Railway & Urban renewal  United Kingdom England 39[187] 2018[188] 2026 Links Liverpool, Sheffield, Kingston-upon-Hull & Newcastle-upon-Tyne to High Speed 2.
Link light rail 2 Line Light rail line  United States Eastside King County, Washington 3.7[189] 2016 2025
Bogotá Metro

(line 1)

Rapid transit  Colombia Bogotá 4.5[190] 2020 2028
Brussels Metro line 3 Rapid transit  Belgium Brussels 1.86[191] 2020[192] 2030
Chūō Shinkansen High-speed rail, Maglev  Japan  Japan 64.35[193] as of May 2021 2014 Unknown[194]
Tel Aviv Metro Rapid transit  Israel Tel Aviv metro area 39.4[195] 2025 2032
Panama Metro Line 3 Rapid transit line (monorail)  Panama Panama City 2.7154[196] 2021 2025
The Panamanian balboa is tied to the United States dollar.
Millennium Line Broadway Extension ("Broadway Subway Project") Rapid transit  Canada Vancouver 2.35[197] 2021[197] 2026[198]
Map showing the extension along Broadway in relation to existing lines and surface streets
Map showing the extension along Broadway in relation to existing lines and surface streets
 Cost estimated in May 2021 to be 2,830,000,000 Canadian dollars; in roughly May 2021, that was roughly equivalent to 2,350,000,000 United States dollars.
Penn Station Access Commuter rail  United States New York City and Westchester County, New York 2.87[199] 2022 2027
South Coast Rail Commuter rail  United States Southeastern Massachusetts 3.42[200] 2019[201] 2030
Trillium Line Expansion Light rail  Canada Ottawa 3.5[202] 2019 2024
4.72 billion CAD
Bangkok–Nong Khai high-speed railway High-speed rail  Thailand  Thailand 4.65[203] 2020 2026
179 billion baht as of October 2022
Oslo Metro Line T6 Rapid transit line  Norway Oslo and Bærum 1.6[204] 2020 2027
Cost is as of January 2017
Lima Metro Line 2 Rapid transit  Peru Lima 5.8[205] 2014 2025
Line 2 in yellow
Line 4 (Athens Metro) Rapid transit  Greece Athens 1.9 2021 2029-30
€1.6 billion[206]
Cairo Metro Line 3, Phase 3 Rapid transit  Egypt Cairo 2.6[207] 2023 (last extensions)
Line 3 shown in green
 Entire Line 3 costs more
São Paulo Metro, Line 6 Rapid transit  Brazil Greater São Paulo 2.6[208] Resumed in 2020 2025
Toulouse Metro, Line C Rapid transit  France Toulouse Métropole 3.65[209] 2022 2028
Metro Line C shown in green
 €3.4 billion as of February 7, 2023
Abidjan Metro Rapid transit  Ivory Coast Abidjan 1.46[210] 2022 2025
€1.36 billion as of December 20, 2022
Ho Chi Minh City Metro, Line 1 Rapid transit  Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City 2.5[211] 2012 2023[211]
Line 1 in red; remaining lines in planning stage or on hold
Vienna U-Bahn, U2xU5 Project Rapid transit  Austria Vienna 2.5[212] 2018[213] 2030
Map of metro after project concludes in 2030
Riyadh Metro Rapid transit  Saudi Arabia Riyadh 22.5 as of July 2013[214] 2014 2024
There were disputes regarding at least $1 billion in 2022; as of January 2023, it is unclear if/how that affected the overall cost.[215]
Xiong'an–Xinzhou high-speed railway High-speed rail  China Xiong'an–Xinzhou 8.86[216] 2022 2027
Tanzania Standard Gauge Railway Railway  Tanzania Tanzania At least 7.6[217] 2017 Unclear (does vary based on phase)
Portal Bridge replacement Bridge (rail)  United States New Jersey 1.5[218] 2022 2025 (first line of track)[219]
Bridge to be replaced
Rogfast Tunnel (road)  Norway Rogaland 2.91[220] 2018 (paused 2019; unclear if/when resumed, but it is still expected to be constructed) 2033
Gordie Howe International Bridge Bridge (road)  United States,  Canada Detroit to Windsor, Ontario 5.4[221] 2018 2025
D Line Extension Rapid transit  United States Greater Los Angeles 9.5[222] 2014 (Section 1)
2018 (Section 2)
2021 (Section 3) 		2027 (final section: Section 3)[222]
Belgrade Metro Rapid transit  Serbia Belgrade 5.35[223] 2021 2028
Ontario Line Rapid transit  Canada Toronto 7.3-8.7[224] 2022 2031
16 km, 15 stop line with at-grade, elevated and underground sections operated with driverless trains.[225]
São Paulo Metro Line 2 extension Rapid transit  Brazil São Paulo 1.4[226] 2020 2026
Valley Metro Rail: South Central Extension Light rail  United States Phoenix, Arizona 1.35[227] 2019 2025
Hamburg U5 Rapid transit  Germany Hamburg 1.75[228] 2022 2030
U5 shown in red and purple
Project Connect Public transit[b]  United States Austin, Texas 10.3 for the light rail components; unclear for the rest[229] 2021 Unclear
Measure approved by Austin voters. Construction of at least one bus rapid transit corridor has begun; light rail construction has not begun.
Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel Expansion Project Bridge–tunnel (road)  United States Hampton Roads (Virginia) 3.9[230] 2020 2025
Frederick Douglass Tunnel Tunnel (rail)  United States Baltimore 6[231] 2023 2033
Replacement for old Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel)
Brightline West High-speed rail  United States California and Nevada 12[232] 2024 2028
Gateway Program Rail improvements, including bridges and tunnels  United States New York City to New Jersey (Hudson River) 16.1[233] 2023[234] 2035[234]

Suspended or abandoned

[edit]
Project Description Country Location Status (suspended or abandoned) Approximate cost (in billions USD) and year of cost estimate Start of construction Year suspended Image Notes
Northern Latitudinal Railway Railway  Russia Labytnangi (Obskaya) - Korotchaevo Suspended 3.03 (2018)[235] 2018 2022

Proposed

[edit]
Project Description Location Approximate cost (in billions USD) Proposed start of construction Proposed year of completion Notes
Great Istanbul Tunnel Railway, Undersea tunnel Turkey Istanbul, Turkey 3.5[236] TBD TBD After Marmaray and Eurasia Tunnel's, it will be the third tunnel to connect Istanbul's sides.
Arctic Railway Railway  Finland,  Norway 3.43[237] TBD TBD A connecting line between Kirkenes port and the Finnish railway network.
Bridge of the Horns Bridge (rail/road)  Djibouti,  Yemen 20 TBD TBD A bridge across the Red Sea.
Crossrail 2 Railway, Commuter rail, Rapid transit United Kingdom Greater London, United Kingdom 49.4 in 2014 money[238] 2023 2030s[citation needed] A new railway line in England, serving London, Surrey & Hertfordshire to interlink with Crossrail (above).
Helsinki City Rail Loop Commuter Rail  Finland 1.77[239] TBD TBD An underground rail loop in Helsinki.
Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel Railway, Undersea tunnel  Finland,  Estonia 17.74[240] TBD TBD
Irish Sea Bridge Bridge (rail/road)  United Kingdom 20.55[241] TBD TBD A proposed bridge between Scotland and Northern Ireland, supported by the Johnson ministry.[242]
Lentorata Railway tunnel  Finland 6.5[243] 2030 TBD An airport rail link for Helsinki Airport.
Malacca Strait Bridge Bridge (road)  Indonesia,  Malaysia 14[244] TBD TBD A proposed 48 kilometer bridge over the Strait of Malacca.
MetroLink (Dublin) Rapid transit Republic of Ireland Greater Dublin Area, Ireland 9.83[245] 2025 2031-2034
Saudi–Egypt Causeway Causeway  Saudi Arabia,  Egypt 4 TBD TBD
Strait of Messina Bridge Bridge (rail/road)  Italy 6.6 TBD TBD
Sunda Strait Bridge Bridge (rail/road)  Indonesia 18.87[246] TBD TBD The project has been indefinitely postponed.[247]
Singapore Strait crossing Tunnel (undersea)  Singapore,  Indonesia TBD TBD TBD A proposed tunnel between Singapore and Indonesia.
Qatar–Bahrain Causeway Causeway  Qatar,  Bahrain 5 TBD TBD
Texas Central Railway High-speed rail United States Texas 5.9 TBD TBD Would operate between Dallas and Houston, with a stop in the Brazos Valley region
LinkUS Rapid transit United States Columbus, Ohio 8[248] 2024 2030 Cost includes three rapid-transit corridors set to open by 2030, and two more by 2050.[248][249]
Second Avenue Subway, Phase 2 Rapid transit United States New York City 6.39[250] TBD TBD Project was moved to the engineering stage in January 2022.[251]
Interborough Express Light rail United States New York City 5.5[252] (in 2027 dollars)[253] TBD TBD New light rail line, built largely along existing tracks, connecting Brooklyn and Queens. Still in planning stages.
Rio de Janeiro Light Rail Expansion Light rail Brazil Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3[254] 2023 2025 (at least first sections) Would add 145.5 km (90.4 mi) to existing light rail network
Bagamoyo Port Seaport Tanzania Bagamoyo, Tanzania 10[255] 2023
Valparaíso–Santiago rail replacement Railway Chile Valparaíso and Santiago, Chile 1.32[256] 2025 2030
D2 Subway Light rail United States Dallas 1.7-1.9[257] TBD 2028
City Centre–Mangere Line Light rail  New Zealand 8.7[258] TBD TBD In the detailed planning phase. Would connect Auckland Airport to the CBD, terminating at Wynyard Quarter

Airport projects

[edit]
Airport Primary market(s) served Country IATA Code Type of project Passengers (total) Year completed Est. cost (in billions USD) at or near time of completion Est. cost (in billions USD), adjusted for inflation
Abu Dhabi International Airport Abu Dhabi  United Arab Emirates AUH New airport 20,000,000 1982 6.8 18.2
Adolfo Suarez Madrid-Barajas International Airport Terminals 4 and 4S Madrid  Spain MAD New terminals 57,891,340 2006 8.7 12.7
Al Maktoum International Airport Dubai  United Arab Emirates DWC New airport 410,278 (expected: 260 million) 2010 32 43.7
Athens International Airport Athens  Greece ATH New airport 16,225,885 2001 3 4.9
Auckland Airport Auckland  New Zealand AKL New terminal, new runway 2028-2029 (expected) 2.4[259]
Bahrain International Airport expansion Bahrain  Bahrain BAH New terminal 2021 1.1[260] 1.2
Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 Beijing  China PEK New terminal 50,000,000 2008 3.8[261] 5.3
Beijing Daxing International Airport Beijing  China PKX New airport 25,051,012 2019 17 20.4
Berlin Brandenburg Airport Berlin  Germany BER New airport 28,000,000 (expected)[262] 2020 10 (as of 2018)[263]
Central Transport Hub Warsaw  Poland N/A ≈45,000,000 (expected) 2027 (expected) 4.2-5.0 (expected, without rail component and road component)
Changi Airport Terminal 3 Singapore  Singapore SIN New terminal 22,000,000 2008 1.4[264] 1.9
Changi Airport Terminal 4 Singapore  Singapore SIN New terminal 65,628,000 2017 1[265]
Charles de Gaulle Airport Paris  France CDG New airport 26,196,575 as of 2021[266] 1973 0.27[267] 1.4
Chengdu Tianfu International Airport Chengdu  China TFU New airport 4,354,758 as of 2021 2021 10.8[268] 12
Chennai greenfield airport, Parandur Chennai  India N/A New airport 100,000,000 (expected) Unclear 2.5 (₹20,000 crore)[269]
Ciudad Real Central Airport Ciudad Real  Spain CQM New airport Ceased operations in 2012 (expected: 10 million) 2009 1.41
Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport: International Terminal Santiago  Chile SCL New terminal 30,000,000 2022[270][unreliable source?] 0.99
Dallas Fort Worth International Airport Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex  United States DFW New airport 62,465,756 as of 2021 1973 0.7[271] 3.7
Dallas Fort Worth International Airport Terminal F; overhaul Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex  United States DFW New terminal; terminal expansion; renovations 2028 or 2033 (expected) 4.8[272]
Denver International Airport Denver  United States DEN New airport 50,167,485 1995 4.8[273] 8.8
Dubai International Airport Terminal 3 Dubai  United Arab Emirates DXB New terminal 2008 4.5[274] 6.3
Felipe Ángeles International Airport Mexico City  Mexico NLU New airport 2022 3.68[275]
George Bush Intercontinental Airport, international terminal construction Houston  United States IAH Terminal redevelopment and/or expansion Unclear 1.2[276] (as of October 2019)
Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Guangzhou  China CAN New airport 59,732,147 2004 2.39 3.7
Hamad International Airport Doha  Qatar DOH New airport 2014 15.5[277] 19.7
Harry Reid International Airport (then McCarran International Airport), Terminal 3[broken anchor] Las Vegas  United States LAS New terminal 2012 2.4[278] 3.1
Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport Terminal 3 Dhaka  Bangladesh DAC New terminal Additional 12,000,000 (expected) 2.53[279] (as of 2019)
Hong Kong International Airport Hong Kong HKG New airport 70,502,000 1998 20[280][unreliable source?] 34.9
Heathrow Airport Terminal 5 London  United Kingdom LHR New terminal 32,100,000 as of 2018 2008 7.9[281] 11
Incheon International Airport Seoul  South Korea ICN New airport 28,677,161 2001 (Phase 1)

2008 (Phase 2)

2017 (Phase 3)

5 (Phase 1)

2.6 (Phase 2)

3.54 (Phase 3)

8.2 (Phase 1)

3.6 (Phase 2)

4.3 (Phase 3)

Istanbul Airport Istanbul  Turkey IST New airport 76,236,980[282] 2018 29 (including side projects)[283] 34.7
John F. Kennedy International Airport, (New) Terminal One New York City  United States JFK New terminal Expected:

2026 (Phase 1)

2030 (Full completion)

9.5[284]
John F. Kennedy International Airport, (New) Terminal 6 New York City  United States JFK New terminal Expected:

2026 (Phase 1)

2028 (Full completion)

4.2 (Phase 1)[285]
Kansai International Airport Osaka  Japan KIX New airport 27,987,564 1994 20 (as of 2008) 27.8 (starting inflation calculation in 2008)
Kansas City International Airport Kansas City  United States MCI New terminal (replacement) 2023 1.5[286]
Kertajati International Airport Majalengka Regency  Indonesia KJT New airport 29,000,000 (expected) 2018 15 17.9
King Abdulaziz International Airport Jeddah  Saudi Arabia JED New airport 18,000,000 1981 7.2[287]
King Shaka International Airport Durban  South Africa DUR New airport 7,500,000 2010 1 1.4
Kuala Lumpur International Airport Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia KUL New airport 52,643,511 1998 3.5
Kualanamu International Airport Medan  Indonesia KNO New airport 12,245,116 2013 4.4[288]
Kuwait International Airport, Terminal 2 Kuwait City  Kuwait KWI New terminal 25,000,000 additional passengers (estimated) 2024 (expected) 5[289]
LaGuardia Airport New York City  United States LGA Renovation 15,601,063 2025 (expected) 8[290]
Long Thanh International Airport Ho Chi Minh City  Vietnam N/A New airport 100,000,000 (expected) 2025 (expected) 10
Los Angeles International Airport Los Angeles  United States LAX Renovation and expansion 14
Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport (new terminal) New Orleans  United States MSY New terminal 2019 1.3[291] 1.5
Manchester Airport Transformation Programme Manchester  United Kingdom MAN New terminal 2025 (expected) 1.6[292] (equivalent to £1.3 billion as of February 2023)
Munich Airport Munich  Germany MUC New airport 1992 5.17[293] 10.08
Nashville International Airport, BNA Vision Nashville, Tennessee  United States BNA Airport overhaul[c] 2023 (expected) 1.5[294]
Nashville International Airport, New Horizon Nashville, Tennessee  United States BNA Terminal expansion; other improvements[d] 2028 (expected) 1.4[295]
Navi Mumbai International Airport Mumbai  India NMU New airport 60,000,000 (expected) 2024 (expected) 2
New Islamabad International Airport Islamabad  Pakistan IBD New airport 5,140,585 2018 3.91 4.7
New Lisbon Airport Lisbon  Portugal N/A 50,000,000 (expected) 2035 (expected) 4.5
New Mexico City International Airport Mexico City  Mexico Ceased operations in 2018 (expected: 125 million) 2018 13
Newark Liberty International Airport Terminal A Newark, New Jersey; New York City  United States EWR Terminal replacement 2023 2.7[296]
Newark Liberty International Airport Terminal C Newark, New Jersey; New York City  United States EWR Terminal renovation and expansion 33,399,207 2003 1.2 1.9
O'Hare International Airport Chicago  United States ORD Expansion 2028 (expected) 8.7[297] (as of March 2019)
Orlando International Airport, Terminal C Orlando, Florida  United States MCO New terminal 2022 2.8[298]
Salt Lake City International Airport Salt Lake City  United States SLC Renovation and expansion 2024 (expected) 4.1[299] (as of January 2020)
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, replacement terminal Shenzhen  China SZX Terminal replacement 2013 1.4[300] 1.8
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, third runway Shenzhen  China SZX New runway 2025 (expected) 1.76[301]
Suvarnabhumi Airport Bangkok  Thailand BKK 55,892,428 2006 3.8 5
Taoyuan International Airport Terminal 3 Taipei  Taiwan TPE New terminal First stage: 2024 (expected)[302] 3.13 (as of November 2022)[303]
Western Sydney Airport Sydney  Australia WSI (provisional) New airport 10,000,000 (initially) 82,000,000 (by 2036) 2026 (expected) 3.3

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ SRL East 2035
    SRL North 2043-2053
  2. ^ This plan includes multiple light rail lines, a new commuter rail line, and multiple bus rapid transit routes.
  3. ^ The project includes terminal lobby renovation, an international arrivals facility (including six new international gates and a new Customs and Border Protection area), a new tarmac terminal apron and taxilane expansion, an on-airport hotel and corresponding garage, a satellite concourse, the creation of Concourse D, multiple new terminal garages, and roadway updates to accommodate the changes.
  4. ^ The project includes expanding multiple concourses, as well as constructing a new air freight building, making terminal roadway improvements, and making baggage system handling improvements.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Flyvbjerg, Bent (2017). The Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management. Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0198732242.
  2. ^ Briginshaw, David (October 10, 2014). "Shinkansen: half a century of speed". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on December 23, 2022. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  3. ^ "Landmark Canakkale bridge to be completed in 2022". AA Energy. January 19, 2019. Archived from the original on April 24, 2022.
  4. ^ https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/groundbreaking-ceremony-for-bridge-over-dardanelles-to-take-place-on-march-18-110948
  5. ^ a b SCMP Editorial (May 11, 2022). "Sha Tin-Central link must lead to costly lessons being learned". South China Morning Post. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  6. ^ "Colombia opens South America's longest road tunnel". Reuters. September 5, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2023.
  7. ^ a b "DfT evaluation strategy and programme 2022". GOV.UK. Retrieved November 22, 2023.
  8. ^ Grace, Amanda (January 17, 2019). "Seattle tunnel construction avoided costly mistakes of Boston's Big Dig". KING-TV. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  9. ^ a b Newman, Ian Thomson (December 1, 2017). "Chilean capital's metro network enters an era of expansion: Santiago is already home to South America's most extensive metro, and with two new lines nearing completion and a third planned, the network is set to expand to eight lines totalling 174km". International Railway Journal. 57 (12): 24–27.
  10. ^ a b "Santiago metro Line 3 reaches Plaza Quilicura". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  11. ^ Newman, Ian Thomson (December 15, 2017). "Chilean capital's metro network enters an era of expansion". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on January 26, 2023.
  12. ^ Bennett, Mia (May 18, 2018). "The Cost of the Bridge to Crimea". The Maritime Executive.
  13. ^ "Xinhua Headlines: World's longest cross-sea bridge opens, integrating China's Greater Bay Area". Xinhua Net. October 23, 2018. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  14. ^ Campbell, Jon (November 22, 2019). "Tappan Zee builders claim state owes them an extra $900M for bridge project". lohud. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
  15. ^ a b "Officials finally inaugurate Jerusalem-Tel Aviv fast train to 'connect country'". Times of Israel. December 18, 2019. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  16. ^ a b "Abuja Light Rail 84 per cent complete – Official". Premium Times. January 18, 2017. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  17. ^ "China Exim Bank to bankroll $1.79bn Abuja light rail - The Sun News". The Sun. March 23, 2017. Archived from the original on December 15, 2017. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  18. ^ "Finish Amsterdam metro line, committee advises". NRC Handelsblad. June 4, 2009. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
  19. ^ "Archives". thestar.com.my. Archived from the original on December 21, 2010.
  20. ^ "8ος ΚΑΤΑΛΟΓΟΣ ΜΕ ΤΑ ΜΕΓΑΛΑ ΕΡΓΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ, Σεπτέμβριος 2014, O ΠΙΝΑΚΑΣ". ypodomes.com. Archived from the original on January 2, 2015. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
  21. ^ Unal, Arife Yildiz (August 1, 2019). "New Istanbul-Izmir highway cuts travel time in half". AA. Archived from the original on August 2, 2019.
  22. ^ "Gebze-Izmir Motorway Project - Verdict Traffic".
  23. ^ "BMVI - Verkehrsprojekte Deutsche Einheit". www.bmvi.de (in German). Retrieved April 18, 2017.
  24. ^ a b Mount, Ian (April 30, 2014). "In Spain, government-backed trains overtake planes". Fortune. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  25. ^ "İçtaş-Astaldi win third Bosphorus bridge bid". Hürriyet Daily News. May 30, 2012. Retrieved March 30, 2013.
  26. ^ "3. köprü yüzünü gösterdi, Bakan 3. köprüyü Habertürk'e tanıttı". July 13, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2016.
  27. ^ Schlosser, Kurt (March 30, 2016). "Inside the world's longest floating bridge: How engineers made Seattle's new Lake Washington span bigger, better and safer". GeekWire. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
  28. ^ "Eurasia Tunnel Project, Istanbul, Turkey". Road Traffic Technology.
  29. ^ a b Thomas Müller; Isidor Baumann (April 29, 2016). "Oberaufsicht über den Bau der Neat im Jahre 2015: Bericht der Neat-Aufsichtsdelegation der eidgenössischen Räte zuhanden der Finanzkommissionen, der Geschäftsprüfungskommissionen und der Kommissionen für Verkehr und Fernmeldewesen" (PDF). Bundesblatt (in German, French, and Italian). Vol. 2016, no. 16.005. NRLA supervisory board of the federal councils. p. 6686. BBl 2016 6665 (-6732). Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  30. ^ Golding, Bruce (March 24, 2014). "All-white new WTC transit hub costs a mint to clean". New York Post. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
  31. ^ a b "Účet za Blanku bude 43 miliard korun - Novinky". www.novinky.cz (in Czech). Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  32. ^ "Russia's $9.4B road to Sochi latest in long line of Olympic boondoggles". Fox News. February 7, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  33. ^ "Views Of Budapest's Metro Line 4". November 7, 2012.
  34. ^ "M4 main information". 2012.
  35. ^ Loh, Dylan (November 13, 2013). "Marina Coastal Expressway to open on Dec 29". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013.
  36. ^ Tan, Christopher (November 13, 2013). "Undersea road opens in Dec, ECP to be cut off". The Straits Times. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
  37. ^ Saifulbahri Ismail (December 29, 2013). "Smooth-flowing traffic as Marina Coastal Expressway opens". Channel Newsasia. Archived from the original on December 30, 2013. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
  38. ^ "Marmaray Railway Engineering Project". Railway Technology. April 16, 2021. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
  39. ^ Jaffe, Eric (October 13, 2015). "From $250 Million to $6.5 Billion: The Bay Bridge Cost Overrun". CityLab. Archived from the original on September 28, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
  40. ^ Elder, Miriam (July 2, 2012). "Russian city of Vladivostok unveils record-breaking suspension bridge". The Guardian. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  41. ^ "Mexico Receives Guinness Record For Highest Suspension Bridge". Fox News Latino. January 6, 2012. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
  42. ^ Setterfield, Catherine (March 12, 2010). "Calderón inspects Baluarte bridge works". BNamericas.com. Archived from the original on June 20, 2015. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
  43. ^ "China's record-breaking Jiaozhou bridge 'is safe'". BBC News. July 7, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  44. ^ "China unveils Shanghai-Hangzhou high-speed railway; eyes network extension". Archived from the original on October 29, 2010.
  45. ^ Corkill, Michael (May 24, 2006). "Tunnel price tops $3b". The Courier-Mail. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
  46. ^ a b "CBD South East Sydney Light Rail: follow-up performance audit | Audit Office of New South Wales". www.audit.nsw.gov.au. July 2, 2019. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  47. ^ "Record-breaking Chinese rail opening piles pressure on airlines". The Independent. London. December 25, 2009. Archived from the original on December 26, 2009.
  48. ^ "Η Ταυτότητα του Έργου" (in Greek). Archived from the original on February 15, 2008. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
  49. ^ Ramstad, Evan (October 19, 2009). "Longest Bridge in Korea Opens to Traffic Monday". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  50. ^ "Seattle Central Link Light Rail Financial Summary by Jim MacIsaac, P.E." bettertransport.info. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  51. ^ a b c d Beria, Paolo; Grimaldi, Raffaele (2016). "An ex-post cost benefit analysis of Italian High Speed train, five years after". doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.34092.87689.
  52. ^ "不计建设投资 京津高铁今年持平".
  53. ^ Moxley, Mitch (September 20, 2010). "China: Massive Rail Network to Cross Continents". Inter Press Service English News Wire. Archived from the original on April 18, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  54. ^ a b Aecom and Atkins, First Interim Evaluation of the Impacts of High Speed 1 (PDF), archived (PDF) from the original on May 8, 2019, retrieved May 8, 2019
  55. ^ a b "Lötschberg base tunnel officially opens". SWI swissinfo.ch. June 15, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  56. ^ Flyvbjerg, Bent; Bruzelius, Nils; Van Wee, Bert (2008). "Comparison of Capital Costs per Route-Kilometre in Urban Rail". European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research. 8 (1): 17–30. SSRN 2237995. See p. 22.
  57. ^ Murphy, Sean P. (July 17, 2008). "Big Dig's red ink engulfs state". The Boston Globe.
  58. ^ Greiman, Virginia (2013). Megaproject Management: Lessons on Risk and Project Management from the Big Dig (Google eBook). John Wiley & Sons. p. RA2–PT25. ISBN 978-1118416341. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  59. ^ "FACTBOX-Five facts about Shanghai's high-speed Maglev train". Reuters. January 15, 2008. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  60. ^ Purdum, Todd S. (June 23, 2000). "Los Angeles Subway Reaches End of the Line". The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  61. ^ "事後評価総括表" [Post-Evaluation Summary Table] (PDF) (in Japanese). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 17, 2006.
  62. ^ a b "JUBILEE LINE EXTENSION, LONDON, United Kingdom" (PDF). University College London. Omega Centre. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  63. ^ "HSBE : Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Expressway Company Limited".
  64. ^ OECD Territorial Reviews: Oresund, Denmark/Sweden 2003. OECD Publishing. 2003. p. 38. ISBN 978-92-64-10080-0.
  65. ^ "Fakta & Historie". storebaelt.dk. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  66. ^ "Vasco da Gama Bridge". Lusoponte. Archived from the original on February 11, 2016.
  67. ^ Megastructures. National Geographic for Channel Five.
  68. ^ O’Connell, Dominic (January 8, 2006). "Channel tunnel project has made Britain £10bn poorer". The Times. London. Archived from the original on June 12, 2011.
  69. ^ Neuharth, Al (June 23, 2006). "Traveling Interstates is our Sixth Freedom". USA Today.
  70. ^ "CDOT Fun Facts". Colorado Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on January 16, 2008. Retrieved February 15, 2008.
  71. ^ Stufflebeam Rowe, Karen; LaDow, Eva; Moler, Steve (March–April 2004). "Glenwood Canyon 12 Years Later". Public Roads. Vol. 67, no. 5. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration.
  72. ^ Neuharth, Al (June 23, 2006). "Traveling Interstates is our Sixth Freedom". USA Today.
  73. ^ "$425,000,000,000 in 2006 → 2021 | Inflation Calculator". www.in2013dollars.com. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  74. ^ Unknown[permanent dead link]
  75. ^ Webber, Melvin (1976). "The BART experience: what have we learned?" (PDF). p. 93. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  76. ^ Anderssen, Erin (June 26, 2009). "Fallen hero: the St. Lawrence Seaway at 50". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  77. ^ "Venezuela builds the world's most expensive highway". MiMecanicaPopular.com. Popular Mechanics. January 15, 2012. Retrieved January 15, 2012.
  78. ^ "Venezuela builds the world's most expensive highway". Automotriz.net. Autrizomot. January 15, 2012. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved January 15, 2012.
  79. ^ "Trans-Siberian Railroad - Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com.
  80. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Panama Canal. Archived from the original on August 2, 2015. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
  81. ^ Klein, Maury. "Financing the Transcontinental Railroad". The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015.
  82. ^ Maurer, Noel; Yu, Carlos (2010). The Big Ditch: How America Took, Built, Ran, and Ultimately Gave Away the Panama Canal. Princeton University Press. p. 58. ISBN 9781400836284. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
  83. ^ Habib, Heba; Cunningham, Erin (August 6, 2015). "Egypt's 'gift to the world' cost $8 billion and probably wasn't necessary". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  84. ^ Aratani, Lori (July 19, 2022). "Silver Line's second phase will cost an additional $250M". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
  85. ^ "Mid-Coast Extension of the UC San Diego Blue Line Trolley: Fact Sheet" (PDF). p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 23, 2021.
  86. ^ "Mid-Coast Trolley Extension". SANDAG. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022.
  87. ^ "About the Green Line Extension Project". Mass.gov. Retrieved November 22, 2022.
  88. ^ Siff, Andrew (April 13, 2018). "NYC's Biggest Infrastructure Project Will Cost Almost $1 Billion More Than Expected". NBC New York. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
  89. ^ "Taiwan's Taichung to offer one-month free ride on MRT Green Line". Taiwan News. November 10, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
  90. ^ Сакен Хасенов (January 28, 1999). ""Будет метро в Алматы через 48 месяцев"" (in Russian). Газета «Экспресс-К». Retrieved August 8, 2011.
  91. ^ Harnan, Eugene (August 30, 2009). "Changes to Metro put cost up by Dh12bn". The National UAE. Retrieved January 27, 2023.
  92. ^ Saltman, Jennifer (August 16, 2019). "By the Numbers: Canada Line turns 10". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
  93. ^ Ley, Ana (January 31, 2022). "Will East Harlem Ever Get Its Long-Delayed Subway?". The New York Times. Retrieved January 30, 2023.
  94. ^ "VTA's BART Silicon Valley Phase I". Valley Transportation Authority. January 1984. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  95. ^ "Algeria's long-awaited metro system opens in Algiers". BBC News. November 1, 2011. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
  96. ^ "Home". Celebrating the Opening of Metro Line 2. HunanGov. August 10, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2023.
  97. ^ Doherty, Regan (August 12, 2012). "Qatar awards $406.4 mln in contracts for planned metro". Reuters. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
  98. ^ MacInnes, Paul; Jenkins, Tom (December 4, 2022). "The heart of the World Cup: Doha Metro brings fans together". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  99. ^ a b "Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway Project". Railway Technology. Retrieved November 25, 2023.
  100. ^ a b Carrell, Severin (September 19, 2023). "True cost of Edinburgh tram line has exceeded £1bn, says report". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved November 25, 2023.
  101. ^ "Padma Bridge Fact Box". The Daily Star. June 25, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  102. ^ Shaver, Katherine (March 31, 2015). "Final tally: Wilson Bridge project $86 million under budget". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  103. ^ Adler, Jerry (November 2014). "The History of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, 50 Years After Its Construction". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  104. ^ Stellin, Susan (December 14, 2003). "Travel Advisory: A Train to the Plane, At Long Last". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved December 21, 2016.
  105. ^ "HSR system sets several world records". The China Post. January 5, 2007. Archived from the original on September 4, 2008.
  106. ^ "Annual". Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  107. ^ Smisek, Peter (March 14, 2019). "Replacing New York's Goethals Bridge". The B1M. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  108. ^ "Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge". Britannica. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  109. ^ "Строительство второго кольца метро подорожало до 500 млрд руб". RBC. November 23, 2017. Archived from the original on May 23, 2018. Retrieved November 26, 2017.
  110. ^ Langmead, Donald; Garnaut, Christine (2001). Encyclopedia of Architectural and Engineering Feats. ABC-CLIO. p. 301. ISBN 9781576071120. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
  111. ^ "First Cityval light metro line opens in Rennes". Metro Report International. September 27, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
  112. ^ "Paris Line 14". Transit Costs Project. Marron Institute (NYU). Retrieved March 28, 2023.
  113. ^ Hussain, Noor Zainab; Holton, Kate (November 8, 2019). Blair, Edmund; Faulconbridge, Guy (eds.). "Crossrail could cost an extra £650m". Reuters. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
  114. ^ a b "Elizabeth Line to open on 24 May 2022". Crossrail. May 4, 2022. Archived from the original on May 4, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
  115. ^ "Downtown Regional Connector train opens after 10 years and $1.8 billion". Daily News. June 17, 2023. Retrieved November 25, 2023.
  116. ^ "Our First Subway Completed At Last". The New York Times. August 2, 1908. p. 10. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  117. ^ Anagor-Ewuzie, Amaka (October 23, 2023). "Lekki Port in slow start as economic hardship worsens". Businessday NG. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  118. ^ "Schedule & Cost". Ohio River Bridges Downtown Crossing. Ohio River Bridges Project. Archived from the original on November 21, 2017. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
  119. ^ "Lagos light rail now to be completed 2017". BusinessDay. October 21, 2015. Archived from the original on December 12, 2019. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
  120. ^ "News Detail - ConstructAfrica". www.constructafrica.com. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  121. ^ Katz, Peter (May 16, 2024). "MTA completes improvements at Harmon Shop at Croton-on-Hudson: cost $1.1B". Westfair Business Journal. Archived from the original on July 21, 2024. Retrieved July 21, 2024.
  122. ^ a b "Governor Hochul Announces Completion of Megaproject to Upgrade Metro-North Railroad's Maintenance and Operations Hub at Croton-on-Hudson" (Press release). Albany, New York: Gov. Kathy Hochul. May 10, 2024. Archived from the original on July 12, 2024. Retrieved July 21, 2024.
  123. ^ "Costi e finanziamenti" [Costs and funding]. M4 (in Italian). MM S.p.A. April 17, 2020. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  124. ^ "Milan's New M4 Metro: Milan's new metro line | Webuild Group". webuildgroup. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  125. ^ "Cost of Caltrain Electrification Increases, Project on Track for 2024" (Press release). Caltrain. December 6, 2021.
  126. ^ a b "Confederation Line Construction". City of Ottawa. October 6, 2017. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
  127. ^ "2015 Look Ahead" (PDF). Confederation Line. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 25, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  128. ^ "Lusail tram contract signed". Railway Gazette International. June 24, 2014. Archived from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2023.
  129. ^ "Hyderabad Metro project delay by L&T pushes up cost by over 30 per cent". India Today. November 26, 2017.
  130. ^ "Planning to Cruise Through Sumatra? Toll Road Will Connect the Entire Island by 2024". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
  131. ^ Pimentel, Joseph (January 26, 2022) [January 25, 2022]. "$2.1 billion Crenshaw-LAX Light Rail project near completion". Spectrum News 1. Retrieved March 27, 2023.
  132. ^ Saulwick, Jacob; O'Sullivan, Matt (November 20, 2015). "WestConnex motorway cost blows out by $1.4 billion". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved January 27, 2023.
  133. ^ Honore, Marcel (August 9, 2021). "For Cost Overruns, Honolulu Rail Is In A League Of Its Own, New Data Shows". Honolulu Civil Beat. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  134. ^ a b "NSW government launches Sydney Metro review amid $21bn cost blowout". The Guardian. Australian Associated Press. April 13, 2023. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  135. ^ "Timeline: How the Mexico-Toluca train survived despite soaring costs". BNamericas.com. August 1, 2020. Archived from the original on August 17, 2022.
  136. ^ Aksu, Fatma (October 25, 2016). "Ankara canvasses public opinion on new highway project connecting Istanbul to Aegean region". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  137. ^ "Autoput Bar - Boljare". Ministry of Transport of Montenegro. 2010.
  138. ^ "Autoput Bar-Boljare: "Posao stoljeća" i dalje stoji". Radio Slobodna Evropa. Slobodna Evropa (Free Europe). 2011.
  139. ^ "Počela izgradnja autoputa". Autoput Bar Boljare. May 13, 2015. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  140. ^ Magder, Jason (June 3, 2021). "REM to cost at least $350 million more than expected". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
  141. ^ Tomesco, Frédéric (May 20, 2022). "Opening of REM's airport section delayed until at least 2025". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  142. ^ "Tel Aviv light rail to bring heavy changes to city life". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. August 18, 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  143. ^ Danan, Deborah (August 17, 2023). "Tel Aviv light rail launches amid multiple challenges, criticism over Shabbat closure". The Times of Israel. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  144. ^ Pirayesh, Erick (February 18, 2022). "Silver Line project to add new mobility options for Plano". Community Impact. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
  145. ^ Shaver, Katherine; Lazo, Luz (April 14, 2022). "New construction contract for Maryland's Purple Line signed". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
  146. ^ Shaver, Katherine (January 19, 2023). "Maryland's Purple Line construction faces another seven-month delay". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 30, 2023.
  147. ^ "Mayor Lightfoot, CTA Break Ground on Historic Red and Purple Line Modernization (RPM) Project" (Press release). Chicago, IL: Mayor's Press Office. October 2, 2019. Retrieved January 27, 2023. Work performed as part of the $2.1 billion RPM Phase One project will make commuting better for all CTA riders with improved service and modern rail stations that are fully accessible to people with disabilities.
  148. ^ "Χρηματοδότηση – ΑΤΤΙΚΟ ΜΕΤΡΟ Α.Ε." [Funding – Attiko Metro]. www.ametro.gr (in Greek). Attiko Metro. August 3, 2019. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  149. ^ "After 18 Years Construction, Thessaloniki's Metro Will Open in 2024". The National Herald. October 5, 2023. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
  150. ^ a b c "Green light for €7.4bn tunnel between Denmark and Germany". Global Construction Review. March 28, 2019. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  151. ^ Israel, Olumide (March 2, 2014). "Railway: The return of the economic live wire!". Vanguard.
  152. ^ Ayemba, Dennis (December 3, 2022). "Lagos-Kano SGR project timeline and latest update". Construction Review Online. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  153. ^ Adebowale, Yemi (October 8, 2016). "Ambode Revs up $2.3bn Badagry Deep Sea Port Project". Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  154. ^ Aro, Busola (November 8, 2023). "FG to renovate ports with $1.1bn, begin Badagry deep seaport construction next year". The Cable. Archived from the original on November 13, 2023. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
  155. ^ "Lagos sign deal for construction of 38km-long fourth mainland bridge". May 25, 2016. Archived from the original on April 15, 2017. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  156. ^ "2020 BUSINESS PLAN" (PDF). California High Speed Rail Authority. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  157. ^ Shahzad, Asif (November 1, 2022). "Pakistan's Sharif lands in Beijing to discuss economy, debt". Reuters. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  158. ^ Ediciones El País (March 28, 2012). "La línea L-9 costará 10.000 millones más de lo previsto" [The L-9 line will cost 10 billion more than planned]. El País (in Spanish). Retrieved January 27, 2023.
  159. ^ "Barcelona's L9 metro tunnel to be completed by 2027". www.catalannews.com. June 15, 2022. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  160. ^ Rogers, David (February 14, 2023). "China Railway pays $600m for another stretch of Chile's main highway". Global Construction Review. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  161. ^ Financiero, Diario. "Nueva Línea 7 de Metro entre Renca y Vitacura inició obras que se extenderán hasta 2027 | Diario Financiero". www.df.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  162. ^ a b O'Neal, Danielle (March 31, 2023). "Queensland government reveals Cross River Rail cost blowout of $960 million, now not due to open til 2026". ABC News. Retrieved July 10, 2023.
  163. ^ "Melbourne Metro Tunnel project Phase 2: Main works". Victorian Auditor-General's Office. Retrieved November 30, 2022.
  164. ^ Jacks, Timna; Preiss, Benjamin (August 28, 2018). "Crucial questions remain over cost of Melbourne's suburban rail loop". The Age. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  165. ^ "Financing of the National Highway Development Programme" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 28, 2007.
  166. ^ "Project cost over doubled to Rs 10.64 trn under Bharatmala Pariyojana: Icra". Business Standard. November 20, 2023. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  167. ^ "Bharatmala Project: Routes, Map, Details, and Latest News". Magicbricks Blog. May 3, 2022. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  168. ^ Narayan, Subhash (October 12, 2023). "₹20 trillion highway plan ready, may replace Bharatmala-2". mint. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  169. ^ "Agua Negra Tunnel - Verdict Traffic". www.roadtraffic-technology.com. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  170. ^ Proctor, Cathy (January 5, 2010). "FasTracks costs have dropped, but so have funds for project, RTD says". Denver Business Journal. Retrieved January 27, 2023.
  171. ^ "CRL submits funding request to Government and Council" (Press release). City Rail Link Limited. March 15, 2023. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  172. ^ "No 'credible plan' for completion of Eglinton LRT, says Metrolinx". Toronto Star. December 12, 2022. Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
  173. ^ "Grand Paris Express : une estimation des coûts en hausse" [Grand Paris Express: an increase in cost estimates]. Vie publique (in French). Direction de l'information légale et administrative. November 6, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2023.
  174. ^ "A Subway for Scarborough". Metrolinx. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  175. ^ Infrastructure Ontario; Metrolinx (February 2020). "Scarborough Subway Extension Preliminary Design Business Case" (PDF). Metrolinx. p. 59. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 10, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  176. ^ "آیا آسانترین قطعه آزاد راه تهران - شمال افتتاح می شود؟". March 17, 2013.
  177. ^ a b Holly, Leon; AFP (March 18, 2022). "Deutsche Bahn: Kosten für Stuttgart 21 steigen auf über neun Milliarden Euro". Die Zeit (in German). ISSN 0044-2070. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  178. ^ Pillion, Dennis (June 23, 2023). "$5 billion bypass north of Birmingham unnecessary, destructive, groups say". AL. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  179. ^ "The $11BN Tunnel Connecting Scandinavia to the Mediterranean". www.theb1m.com. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  180. ^ Burroughs, David (June 19, 2020). "Tunnelling completed on Austria's 33km Koralm tunnel". International Railway Journal. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  181. ^ Preston, Robert (April 26, 2022). "Further delay to Semmering Base Tunnel". International Railway Journal. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  182. ^ "Delays escalate bullet train cost to Rs 1.6 lakh crore". The Times of India. July 30, 2022. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  183. ^ Saha, Dhruvaksh (May 7, 2022). "Sagarmala project pipeline doubles to 1,537, cost rises to Rs 6.5 trillion". Business Standard. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  184. ^ "HS2: What is the route, when will it be finished and what will it cost?". BBC News. November 18, 2021.
  185. ^ "Constructing the HS2 railway". gov.uk. November 3, 2017 [August 23, 2017]. Retrieved March 5, 2023.
  186. ^ "High Speed 2 (HS2) Railway, United Kingdom - Railway Technology".
  187. ^ "Northern Powerhouse Rail". Transport for the North.
  188. ^ "HS2 suffers setback as legislation delayed by 12 months". Rail Technology Magazine. September 9, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
  189. ^ Trumm, Doug (August 27, 2023). "Sound Transit Approves East Link Starter Line and $122 Million to Study Ballard Link Late Additions - The Urbanist". www.theurbanist.org. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  190. ^ "Bogotá has some of the worst traffic. It's finally getting a metro, with China's help". WUNC. September 23, 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  191. ^ "METRO 3 : DU NORD AU SUD EN 20 MINUTES". metro3.be (in French). Retrieved October 21, 2021.
  192. ^ Rose, Maria (November 3, 2020). "Construction of €175 million Brussels Metro Line 3 commenced". Urban Transport News. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
  193. ^ Smith, Kevin (May 4, 2021). "Chuo maglev costs soar". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
  194. ^ "JR Central gives up on opening new maglev train service in 2027". Kyodo. July 3, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  195. ^ Goldberg, Jeremaya (August 29, 2023). "Land acquisition begins for Tel Aviv Metro". International Rail Journal. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  196. ^ Rojas, Ingrid (September 15, 2021). "HPH obtiene crédito por 2.000 millones de dólares para la Línea 3 del Metro de Panamá" [HPH obtains credit for 2 billion dollars for Line 3 of the Panama Metro]. LexLatin (in Spanish). Retrieved December 28, 2022.
  197. ^ a b Chan, Kenneth (May 13, 2021). "Major construction now officially underway on $2.8-billion Broadway Subway". Urbanized. Daily Hive. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
  198. ^ Chan, Kenneth (November 24, 2022). "Broadway Subway opening delayed to 2026". Urbanized. Daily Hive. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
  199. ^ Clinnick, Richard (December 22, 2021). "$US 2.87bn Penn Station Access Project contract awarded". International Railway Journal. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
  200. ^ Dungca, Nicole. "State changes gears on Middleborough commuter rail plan". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  201. ^ "Baker-Polito Administration Celebrates South Coast Rail Groundbreaking". Mass.gov. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  202. ^ Skura, Elyse (November 17, 2023). "Costs for LRT expansion keep rising, but there's no going back". CBC. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  203. ^ Arunmas, Phusadee (October 17, 2022). "Rail projects sped up to reduce costs". Bangkok Post. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  204. ^ Berg Bentzrød, Sveinung (January 25, 2017). "Smiler bredt, men vil ikke si når Fornebubanen skal stå ferdig". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  205. ^ "Lima Line 2". Transit Costs Project. Marron Institute (NYU). Retrieved January 26, 2023.
  206. ^ Kokkinidis, Tasos (June 23, 2021). "New Metro Line in Athens Hailed as "Largest Project in Greece"". Greek Reporter. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  207. ^ "Egypt builds Cairo Metro Line III at $6bln cost". Zawya. Refinitiv. January 27, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  208. ^ Burroughs, David (October 16, 2020). "Construction of São Paulo metro Line 6-Orange resumes". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023.
  209. ^ "Toulouse unveils mock-up for third metro line". Urban Transport Magazine. February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  210. ^ "Ivory Coast launches construction of metro project". Africanews. December 20, 2022. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  211. ^ a b Preston, Robert (June 14, 2022). "Ho Chi Minh City metro to open in 2023". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on August 31, 2022.
  212. ^ Cuenca, Oliver (January 25, 2021). "Wiener Linien awards contract for U-Bahn extensions". International Railway Journal. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  213. ^ Briginshaw, David (October 8, 2018). "Vienna starts work on U-Bahn expansion project". International Railway Journal. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  214. ^ "Saudi Arabia awards $22.5 billion contracts to build Riyadh metro". Reuters. July 28, 2013. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
  215. ^ Martin, Matthew; Nereim, Vivian (August 24, 2022). "Saudi Arabia Nears Deal to Settle Billion-Dollar Metro Dispute". Bloomberg. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
  216. ^ "China's top economic planner approves high-speed rail project". XinhuaNet. January 17, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
  217. ^ "Tanzania Standard Gauge Railway (SGR)". Construction Review Online. February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
  218. ^ "At last, commuters will see construction of a new Portal Bridge from their train windows". April 7, 2022.
  219. ^ Higgs, Larry (October 12, 2021). "'Momentous day' for NJ Transit commuters with $1.56B contract to replace Portal Bridge". NJ.com.
  220. ^ Akhtar, Syed Ali Shahbaz; Oftedahl, Cathrine; Morsund, Gunnar (November 20, 2020). "Regjeringen klar for å gå videre med Rogfast" [The Government is Ready to Move Forward with Rogfast]. NRK (in Norwegian). Retrieved December 26, 2020.
  221. ^ Urbi, Jaden (April 27, 2022). "Building The Bridge a Billionaire Tried to Stop". The B1M. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  222. ^ a b Wanek-Libman, Mischa (May 25, 2021). "L.A. Metro breaks ground on final Purple Line extension section". Mass Transit. Retrieved March 27, 2023.
  223. ^ "French, Chinese Firms Sign Deal On Belgrade Metro". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. January 22, 2021. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
  224. ^ Metrolinx; Infrastructure Ontario (July 2019). "Ontario Line Initial Business Case" (PDF). p. 78. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  225. ^ Metrolinx. "Ontario Line". Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  226. ^ Passos, Renata (January 23, 2020). "Work to start on São Paulo Line 2-Green extension". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved March 31, 2023.
  227. ^ "Valley Metro light rail service to be impacted by construction until July". KTAR News. April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  228. ^ Marcus, Imanuel (September 30, 2022). "Hamburg: Construction of Fifth 'U-Bahn' Train Line Commences". The Berlin Spectator. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  229. ^ Thompson, Kelsey (October 26, 2022) [July 20, 2022]. "$10B Project Connect scope might change to combat inflation costs". KXAN. Nexstar Media Group. Retrieved April 17, 2023.
  230. ^ "HRBT Expansion Project". HRBT Expansion. Virginia Department of Transportation. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  231. ^ Luczak, Marybeth (March 13, 2023). "Amtrak begins $US 6bn Baltimore & Potomac tunnel replacement programme". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  232. ^ "Rail spikes hammered, bullet train being built from Sin City to the City of Angels". AP. April 23, 2024. Retrieved May 24, 2024.
  233. ^ Wilson, Colleen (November 20, 2022) [November 18, 2022]. "Can $16B Gateway costs be lowered? GDC makes case as it seeks OK from feds for next phase". NorthJersey.com. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  234. ^ a b Miller, Jen A. (November 21, 2023). "$16B Gateway Program construction finally underway". Construction Dive. Archived from the original on August 24, 2024. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  235. ^ "Northern Latitudinal Railway concession signed". Railway Gazette International. October 8, 2018.
  236. ^ "Turkish Parliament approves construction of $3.5bn Great Istanbul Tunnel". Road Traffic Technology. January 22, 2019.
  237. ^ "Plans move forward for €2.9bn Arctic railway". www.theconstructionindex.co.uk. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
  238. ^ "Funding". Crossrail 2. Archived from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  239. ^ Tamminen, Jenni (March 27, 2019). ""Antti Rinteen suunnitelma tulisi liian kalliiksi veronmaksajille" – Tiilikainen: Pisararata vanheni, tehdään Lentorata keskustaan asti". Uusi Suomi (in Finnish). Retrieved December 2, 2019.
  240. ^ "China's Touchstone to invest $17 billion in Helsinki-Tallinn tunnel". Reuters. March 8, 2019. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  241. ^ "Top architect insists Scotland - Northern Ireland bridge 'is feasible'". BBC News. January 22, 2018. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  242. ^ "Boris Johnson seeks cost estimates for a Scotland-Northern Ireland bridge". HeraldScotland. September 10, 2019. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  243. ^ Teivainen, Aleksi (February 4, 2019). "Finland earmarks funds for new rail links between Helsinki, Turku and Tampere". Helsinki Times. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
  244. ^ Yong Yen Nie; Wahyudi Soeriaatmadja (October 18, 2013). "China's EXIM bank to fund most of Malacca-Indonesia bridge project". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  245. ^ McQuinn, Cormac (July 4, 2022). "Metro linking Dublin Airport to city centre estimated to cost €9.5bn". The Irish Times. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  246. ^ "Cost of Sunda Strait bridge may balloon to US$18.87 billion". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  247. ^ "No more Sunda Strait Bridge plan". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  248. ^ a b Meibers, Bonnie (April 18, 2022) [April 15, 2022]. "Central Ohio leaders eye sales tax increase to fund $8B in transit investment". Columbus Business First. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
  249. ^ Warren, Brent (April 7, 2022). "COTA Outlines Plan to Fund Transit Corridors, Other Transportation Upgrades". Columbus Underground. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
  250. ^ "Second Avenue Subway Phase 2: New Starts Project Development" (PDF). Federal Transit Administration. Retrieved January 30, 2023.
  251. ^ "Governor Hochul and MTA Announce Second Avenue Subway Phase 2 Moves Forward" (Press release). Albany, NY: Gov. Kathy Hochul. January 6, 2022. Retrieved January 30, 2023.
  252. ^ Brachfeld, Ben (January 11, 2023). "Interborough Express will move forward as light rail project". amNY. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  253. ^ Spivack, Caroline (January 17, 2023). "The Interborough Express will be the MTA's first light rail line. Here's what to expect". Crain's New York Business. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  254. ^ Passos, Renata (December 16, 2022). "Rio launches ambitious light rail project". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on February 11, 2023.
  255. ^ Malanga, Alex Nelson (September 24, 2022). "Bagamoyo Port construction to start in 2023". The Citizen. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  256. ^ Newman, Ian Thomson (January 17, 2023). "Chile proceeds with Santiago - Valparaíso upgrade". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
  257. ^ U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Transit Administration; Dallas Area Rapid Transit (May 2020). Dallas CBD Second Light Rail Alignment (D2 Subway) Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (PDF) (Report). Dallas Area Rapid Transit. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 17, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  258. ^ "Auckland light rail 'absolutely' going ahead - Transport Minister". RNZ. February 23, 2023. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  259. ^ "Building the gateway New Zealand needs: Multi-billion-dollar investment in future of travel at Auckland Airport" (Press release). Auckland Airport. March 17, 2023. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  260. ^ Greenwood, Matthew (February 26, 2021). "Bahrain Unveils New Airport Terminal". engineering.com. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
  261. ^ Barboza, David (May 2, 2008). "Beijing Air Terminal Goes All Out for the Games". The New York Times. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  262. ^ "Berlin Airport plans to build additional terminal - before grand opening". The Local Germany. May 2, 2018. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
  263. ^ "BER nimmt Anflug auf zehn Milliarden Euro" [BER nosediving towards 10bio]. PNN (in German). Archived from the original on January 15, 2018. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
  264. ^ "Changi's Airport Development" (PDF). Changi Airport Group. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  265. ^ "Changi Airport allots nearly S$1.3bn for terminal 4 construction". Singapore Business Review. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  266. ^ "Aéroport de Paris – Charles de Gaulle". Les Aéroports Français, Statistiques annuelles (in French). Paris: Union des aéroports Français. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
  267. ^ Groot, Marnix (Max) (August 7, 2019). "Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport, Part 2: A Monument for the Age of Air Travel". AirportHistory.org. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
  268. ^ Cripps, Karla (June 28, 2021). "China's latest mega-airport is officially open". CNN. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  269. ^ Ayyappan, V (August 2, 2022). "Construction of new Chennai airport will cost Rs 20,000 crore: Stalin". Times of India. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
  270. ^ Lane, Mark (February 28, 2022). "Santiago de Chile Airport opens US$990 million international terminal". The Moodie Davitt Report. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  271. ^ Stoddard, Carol (July 9, 2020). "Throwback Thursday: Exploring DFW International Airport". Irving, Texas. Irving Convention & Visitors Bureau. Retrieved January 27, 2023.
  272. ^ Rudolph, Jenny (May 17, 2023). "DFW airport to build new Terminal F, add more gates as part of $4.8B expansion". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
  273. ^ "Denver International Airport Construction and Operating Costs". University of Colorado at Boulder Government Publications Library. July 5, 1997. Archived from the original on February 8, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2008.
  274. ^ Gale, Ivan (October 8, 2008). "New Terminal 3 to evoke 'tranquillity'". The National: Business. Retrieved January 30, 2023.
  275. ^ Esposito, Anthony (March 21, 2022). "Mexican president opens new airport three years after ditching alternative". Reuters. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  276. ^ Bennett, Adam (October 18, 2019). "$1.2B IAH international terminal expansion underway". KHOU. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  277. ^ "First commercial flight lands at Qatar's new $15bn airport in Doha". The National: Business. Agence France-Presse. April 29, 2014. Retrieved January 30, 2023.
  278. ^ Velotta, Richard (June 27, 2012). "McCarran's Terminal 3 opens with Vegas-style fanfare". Las Vegas Sun. Archived from the original on August 6, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
  279. ^ Tribune Desk (December 28, 2019). "PM inaugurates construction of Dhaka airport's 3rd terminal". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  280. ^ "Hong Kong International Airport (HKG/VHHH) - Airport Technology". airport-technology.com.
  281. ^ "Heathrow Terminal 5". British Airways. October 30, 2020. Archived from the original on January 21, 2023. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
  282. ^ "Yolcu istatiktikleri" (PDF). dhmi.gov.tr (in Turkish). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 12, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
  283. ^ Ozbilgin, Ozge (May 3, 2013). "Turkish firms win 22 billion euro Istanbul airport tender". Reuters. Retrieved January 27, 2023.
  284. ^ "Governor Hochul Announces Groundbreaking of $9.5 Billion New Terminal One in a Major Step Forward for Port Authority's JFK Transformation" (Press release). Albany, NY: Gov. Kathy Hochul. September 8, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
  285. ^ "Governor Hochul Announces Construction of a $4.2 Billion New Terminal 6 at JFK Will Begin Early Next Year as Final Pieces of the Project Are in Place" (Press release). Albany, NY: Gov. Kathy Hochul. November 17, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
  286. ^ Mansaray, Mili (January 2, 2023). "Kansas City's new and improved airport terminal opens this spring. Here's what flyers can expect". KCUR. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
  287. ^ Jed-airport.com
  288. ^ Apriadi, Gunawan (April 15, 2006). "North Sumatra to get new airport soon". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on June 9, 2008.
  289. ^ De Brito, Claudia (November 8, 2021). "Kuwait Airport to undergo US$8.2 billion redevelopment". Connecting Travel. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  290. ^ Shepardson, David (June 1, 2022). "New York LaGuardia airport reveals $8 bln makeover". Reuters. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  291. ^ Baskas, Harriet (November 6, 2019). "New Orleans' new $1.3 billion airport terminal captures some of NOLA's spirit". CNBC. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
  292. ^ Britton, Paul (January 25, 2023). "Lift-off for final £440m transformation of Manchester Airport's T2". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
  293. ^ Upton, Kim (May 17, 1992). "New Munich Airport Stresses Ease of Travel". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
  294. ^ Schleicher, Rebecca (June 13, 2022). "Exclusive: a look inside the Nashville International Airport renovation". News Channel 5 Nashville. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
  295. ^ "Nashville International Airport Announces New Construction and Renovation Plan, "New Horizon"" (Press release). Nashville, TN: Metropolitan Nashville Airport Authority. June 10, 2022. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  296. ^ Rahmanan, Anna (January 17, 2023). "See inside the expensive new Terminal A at Newark Airport". Time Out. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
  297. ^ "Chicago's $8.7 billion O'Hare Airport expansion underway". Associated Press. March 20, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  298. ^ Waldek, Stefanie (September 13, 2022). "Orlando International Airport's CEO Shares How Its New Terminal Will Affect Travelers". Travel + Leisure. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  299. ^ Davidson, Lee (January 15, 2020). "Salt Lake City International Airport remodel cost grows to $4.1B". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  300. ^ Cooperstein, Paige (March 13, 2014). "China's Futuristic New Airport Terminal Looks Like A Manta Ray [PHOTOS]". Business Insider. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  301. ^ Han Ximin (August 3, 2022). "World-class airport cluster on fast track". Shenzhen Daily. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  302. ^ Mehta, Manik (August 11, 2022). "Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport in Expansion Mode". Aviation Pros. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
  303. ^ Shan, Shelley (November 10, 2022). "TIAC drawing pricing plan for Terminal 3". Taipei Times. Retrieved January 22, 2023.