This is a list of wars, armed conflicts and rebellions involving the Commonwealth of Australia (1901–present) and its predecessor colonies, the colonies of New South Wales (1788–1901), Van Diemen's Land (1825–1856), Tasmania (1856–1901), Victoria (1851–1901), Swan River (1829–1832), Western Australia (1832–1901), South Australia (1836–1901), and Queensland (1859–1901). Dates indicate the years in which Australia was involved in the war. Notable militarised interstate disputes are included. For a list of wars that have been fought on the Australian mainland and in Australian waters, see the list of conflicts in Australia.
- Victory
- Defeat
- Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive, inconclusive)
- Ongoing conflict
Colonial Australia (1788–1901)
[edit]Colonial Australia refers to the Commonwealth of Australia's predecessor colonies, the colonies of New South Wales (1788–1901), Van Diemen's Land (1825–1856), Tasmania (1856–1901), Victoria (1851–1901), Swan River (1829–1832), Western Australia (1832–1901), South Australia (1836–1901), Queensland (1859–1901) and there territories and islands.
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result for Australia and/or its Allies | Australian losses (Killed or missing) |
Notable battles | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military | Civilians | |||||
| Sydney Cove War[1]
(1790–1800) |
 Kingdom of Great Britain (1790–1800)
|
Aboriginal Australians | Victory
|
26[1] | ||
| Pemulwuy's War
(1790–1802) part of Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars and Australian frontier wars |
Kingdom of Great Britain (1790–1800)
Burraberongal Tribe (1795–1802) |
Indigenous clans: | Victory
|
0 | 2[2] | |
| Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars
(1794–1816 ) part of Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars and Australian frontier wars |
Kingdom of Great Britain (1795–1800)
Burraberongal Tribe |
Indigenous clans:
Irish-convict sympathisers |
Victory
|
80–300 | unknown |
|
| Black Wars[1][3][4]
(1799–1805) part of Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars and Australian frontier wars |
Kingdom of Great Britain (1799–1800)
Burraberongal Tribe (1799–1802) |
Indigenous clans:
Irish-convict sympathisers |
Victory
|
unknown | unknown | |
| Tedbury's War
(1802–1810) part of Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars and Australian frontier wars |
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
|
Indigenous clans: | Victory
|
unknown | 3+ | |
| Hawkesbury Nepean War
(1814–1816) part of Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars and Australian frontier wars |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
|
Indigenous clans:
Irish-convict sympathisers |
Victory
|
unknown | 9+ | |
| Bathurst War
(1824) part of Australian frontier wars |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
|
Wiradjuri nation | Victory
|
~20[10] | 0[10] | |
| Black War
(1828–32) part of Australian frontier wars |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
|
Aboriginal Tasmanians | Victory
|
201[11] | 18[11] | |
| The Port Phillip District Wars
(1830–1850) part of Australian frontier wars |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
|
Aboriginal Australians
Gunditjmara People
|
Victory
|
0 | 7–11 |
|
| The Eumeralla Wars
(1834–1849 or 1860s) part of Australian frontier wars |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
British colonists |
Aboriginal Australians
Gunditjmara People |
Victory
|
~80 | ||
| Wiradjuri Wars[1]
(1838–1841) part of Australian frontier wars |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
|
Wiradjuri people | Victory
|
Unknown | ||
| The MacIntyre River War[12]
(1840–1849) part of Australian frontier wars |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
|
Bigambul people | Victory
|
Unknown | ||
| Mandandanji Land War[1]
(1842–1852) part of Australian frontier wars |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
|
Mandandanji people | Victory
|
Unknown | ||
| War of Southern Queensland (1843–1855)
part of Australian frontier wars |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
|
Aboriginal Australians
Taribelang Aboriginal tribe United Tribes
|
Victory
|
~174 – 800 |
| |
| Port Augusta War[1] (1844–1845)
part of Australian frontier wars |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
|
Aboriginal Australians | Victory
|
|||
| Flagstaff War
(1845–1846) Part of New Zealand Wars |
British Empire
|
 Ngāpuhi Iwi
|
Inconclusive/Ceasefire |
| ||
| Hutt Valley Campaign(1846)
Part of New Zealand Wars |
British Empire
|
Ngāti Toa Iwi
Ngāti Rangatahi Ngāti Hāuaterangi |
Victory | |||
| Whanganui campaign(1847)
Part of New Zealand Wars |
British Empire
|
Ngāti Haua-te-rangi
Ngāti Patutokotoko Ngāti Ruaka |
Treaty
|
|||
| Eureka Rebellion (1851–1854) | Colony of Victoria
|
Anti-Gold Licence Association (Red Ribbon Rebellion)
|
Victory
|
2 | unknown | |
| First Taranaki War
(1860–1861) Part of New Zealand Wars |
British Empire
|
 Taranaki Māori
 Kīngitanga
|
Ceasefire
|
238 | 0 |
|
| Waikato Wars
(1863–1864) Part of New Zealand Wars |
British Empire
|
 Kīngitanga
|
Victory | |||
| Second Taranaki War
(1863–1866) Part of New Zealand Wars |
British Empire
|
Taranaki Māori
|
Inconclusive
|
|||
| Tauranga Campaign(1864)
Part of the New Zealand Wars |
British Empire
|
Taranaki Māori
|
Victory |
| ||
| East Cape War
(1865–1866) Part of New Zealand Wars |
British Empire
|
Hau-Hauist Māori
Whakatohea Māori Urewera Māori Ngai Tama Māori |
Victory
|
| ||
| Titokowaru's War
(1868–1869) Part of New Zealand Wars |
British Empire
|
Ngāti Ruanui Iwi
Ngāruahine tribes |
Victory
|
|||
| Te Kooti's War
(1868–1872) Part of New Zealand Wars |
British Empire
|
Māori Iwis
Ringatū adherents Pai Mārire adherents |
Victory
|
|||
| Kalkadoon Wars 1870–1890
part of Australian frontier wars |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
|
Kalkadoon people | Victory | 100(est.) | 5 |
|
| Arnhem Wars(1880s–1890s)
part of Australian frontier wars |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
|
Yolŋu people Bininj people Maung people |
Victory | Unknown | ||
| Mahdist War(1885) | British Empire
|
 Mahdist Sudan
|
Victory
|
0 | 0 | |
| Third Anglo-Burmese war(1886–1887) | British Empire
|
 Burmese Empire
|
Victory
|
0 | 0 | |
| Jandamarra Guerrilla War
(1894–97) part of Australian frontier wars |
British Empire
|
Jandamarra Bunuba people |
Victory
|
2+ | unknown | |
Commonwealth of Australia (1901–present)
[edit]| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result for Australia and/or its Allies | Australian losses (Killed or missing) |
Notable battles | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military | Civilians | |||||
| Second Boer War (1899–1902) Part of the Boer Wars during the Scramble for Africa |
List
|
Victory | 606[19] | None[19] | ||
| Boxer Rebellion (1900–1901) |
List
|
Victory
|
6[20] | None[20] | ||
| World War I (1914–1918)  |
Victory
|
62,149[21] | None[21] | |||
| Russian Civil War (1918–1920) |
Defeat
|
10[22] | Unknown | |||
| Armenian–Azerbaijani War (1918–1920) Part of the Caucasus campaign of World War I, the Southern Front of the Russian Civil War and the Turkish–Armenian War |
|
Defeat
|
None | Unknown | ||
| Egyptian Revolution of 1919 (1918–1919) |
Britain
|
 Wafd Party
|
Victory
|
1+[24] | 31 | |
| 1927 Malaita Punitive Expedition (1927) |
|
Victory
|
None[26] | None[26] | ||
| Emu War
(1932) |
•  Australia
|
• Emus of Campion district | Defeat
• Australian Royal Artillery failure to pacify Emus of Campion |
None | 986[27] | |
| World War II (1939–1945)  |
Victory
|
39,366[28] | 735[28] |
| ||
| Anglo-Iraqi War (1941) Part of the Second World War |
Allied powers:
Air and naval support: |
Axis powers :
Military support : |
Victory
|
None | None | |
| Korean War (1950–1953) |
Ceasefire
|
340[36] | None[36] | |||
| Malayan Emergency (1950–1960) |
Victory
|
39[37] | None[37] | |||
| Borneo Confrontation (1963–1966) |
Victory
|
23[38] | None[38] | |||
| Vietnam War (1965–1973)  |
Defeat
|
521[39] | None[39] | |||
| Gulf War (1990–1991) |
Victory
|
None[40] | None[40] | |||
| Australian-led international intervention into the 1999 East Timorese crisis (1999–2000) |
Supported by:
|
Supported by: |
Victory
|
2 | None | |
| Sierra Leone Civil War (2000–2003) |  Sierra Leone
ECOMOG Forces (1998–2000) Executive Outcomes (1995–1996) Supported by: |
 RUF
West Side Boys (1998–2000)
Supported by: |
Victory
|
None | None | |
| Civil war in Afghanistan (1996–2001) (2001) Part of the Afghanistan conflict, the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, and the War on terror |
From September 2001:
|
Supported by: |
Military stalemate
Continued clashes until the US-led invasion of Afghanistan
|
None | None | |
| War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) |
|
|
Defeat
|
41[70] | None[70] | |
| Iraq War (2003–2009) |
|
Victory
|
2[40] | None[40] | ||
| Operation Anode (2003–2013)  |
|
Victory
|
1 [73][74] | None[73] | ||
| Iraqi civil war (2006–2008) (2006–2008) Part of the Iraq War |
Sunni factions:
Shi'ite factions:
|
Victory
|
None | None[40] | ||
| Operation Astute (2006–2013) Part of 2006 East Timorese crisis  |
Victory
|
3[76] | None[76] | |||
| Operation Ocean Shield (2009–2016) |
* Somali pirates | Victory
|
None | None | ||
| Iraqi Civil War (2013–2017) (2014–2017) Part of the Iraqi conflict, spillover of the Syrian civil war, international military intervention against the Islamic State and the War on terror |
|
|
Victory
|
1[78] | 0 | |
| American-led intervention in Syrian civil war (2014–2017) Part of the Syrian civil war, international military intervention against the Islamic State and the War on terror |
Supported by:
|
Supported by: |
Inconclusive, conflict ongoing
|
None | None | |
| War on ISIL (2014–present) Part of the Second Libyan Civil War, War in Iraq (2013–2017), Syrian civil war and spillover of the Syrian civil war, Sinai insurgency, Boko Haram insurgency, insurgency in the North Caucasus, War on terror, and Moro conflict |
|
Ongoing
|
None | None | ||
| Marawi crisis (2017) Part of the Moro conflict and the Military intervention against ISIL |
 Philippines
Supported by: |
 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
|
Victory
|
None | None | |
| Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) (2017–2021) Part of the Iraqi conflict (2003–present) |
 Iraq
Supported by:  Kurdistan Region
Supported by: |
Islamic State
  Iraqi Baath Party
|
Inconclusive, conflict ongoing
|
None | None | |
| 2019–2022 Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2020)
Part of the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict |
 United States
 CJTF–OIR |
 Iran
|
Inconclusive/Other Result
|
None
|
None
|
|
.svg){kind=small}
See also
[edit]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f cnet. "Australian Frontier Conflicts – Timeline". Australian Frontier Conflicts. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
- ^ F. M. Bladen (ed.), "Government and General Order. 22 November 1801.", Historical Records of New South Wales, vol. IV – HUNTER AND KING, p. 629, archived from the original on 6 April 2011
- ^ Nichols, Michelle (2004). Pictorial History Hawkesbury Shire (revised and reprinted 2005 ed.). Sydney, Australia: Kingsclear Books Pty Ltd. p. 43. ISBN 9780908272785.
- ^ "Dreaming on the Riverfarm - Stories from the Hawkesbury Chapter Four: The impact of settlement". www.westernsydney.edu.au. Western Sydney University. 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
- ^ St Matthews Church of England Windsor NSW Parish Registers 1810 to 1856, Lake Macquarie Family History Group Inc, Hawkesbury City Council, 2003.
- ^ Sydney Gazette, 23 July 1814
- ^ Sydney Gazette, 30 March 1816
- ^ Ritchie, John (1971). The Evidence to the Bigge Reports, New South Wales Under Governor Macquarie. Vol. 1 The Oral Evidence. Melbourne: Heinemann. pp. 173–174.
- ^ Page 187, Sir William Dixson – documents relating to Aboriginal Australians, 1816–1853, ML, reel CY2743; DL Add 81, State Library of NSW. Alfred Smith, Some Ups and Downs of an Old, Richmondite, Nepean Family Historical Society Inc, 1991. Pages 109–110 and 150–151, S. Boughton (Cooramill), Reminiscences of Richmond, From the Forties Down, Cathy McHardy, 2010.
- ^ a b Keneally, Thomas (2010). Australians: Origins to Eurika. Allen & Unwin Publishing. p. Chapter 19, subheading: Myall Creek and Beyond. ISBN 9781742374505.
- ^ a b Clements, Nicholas (2013). Frontier Conflict in Van Diemen's Land (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Tasmania. pp. 324, 325. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2015.
- ^ Evans, Raymonds; Thorpe, William (Winter 2001). "Indigenocide and the massacre of Aboriginal history". Overland. 163: 24.
- ^ a b Belich, James (1986). The New Zealand Wars. Auckland: Penguin. pp. 119–125. ISBN 0-14-027504-5.
- ^ Michael King (2003). The Penguin History of New Zealand. Penguin Books. p. 214. ISBN 0-14-301867-1.
- ^ Dalton, B.J. (1967). War and Politics in New Zealand 1855–1870. Sydney: Sydney University Press. pp. 176–179.
- ^ King, Michael (1977). Te Puea: A Life. Penguin Random House New Zealand Limited (published 2013). ISBN 9781742539683. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
The 'fertile and most beautiful fields' [...] and the river itself [...] provided the incentive and the means for an invasion of the Waikato. Auckland was swelling with new settlers; government ministers and land purchase officers were determined to acquire the fruitful acreage south of the city; the fact that it was controlled by a movement pledged not to sell land damned the Kingites in the eyes of most Europeans [...].
- ^ Laing, Doug (27 May 2013). "Crown apology to Bay hapu in Treaty claim settlement". The New Zealand Herald. Auckland. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ Meredith Reid Sarkees, Frank Whelon Wayman (2010). Resort to war: a data guide to inter-state, extra-state, intra-state, and non-state wars, 1816–2007. Washington, DC.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Australia and the Boer War, 1899–1902, Australian War Memorial.
- ^ a b China (Boxer Rebellion), 1900–01, Australian War Memorial.
- ^ a b First World War 1914–18, Australian War Memorial.
- ^ [Muirden 1990].
- ^ Australian War Memorial – Egyptian Uprising 1919
- ^ Tyquin, Michael. Keeping the Peace – Egypt 1919, Journal of the Royal United Services Institute, Vol. 61, No. 4, December 2010.
- ^ Keesing and Corris, 176.
- ^ a b Navy, corporateName=Royal Australian. "Semaphore: HMAS Adelaide and the 1927 Malaita Expedition". www.navy.gov.au. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- ^ Johnson, Murray (January 2006). "'Feathered foes': Soldier settlers and Western Australia's 'Emu War' of 1932". Journal of Australian Studies. 30 (88): 147–157. doi:10.1080/14443050609388083. ISSN 1444-3058.
- ^ a b "Australian Military Statistics World War II – A Global Perspective". AWM. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
- ^ Young, p. 7.
- ^ Wavell, p. 4094.
- ^ Waters, p. 24.
- ^ Carr, John (2012). On Spartan Wings – The Royal Hellenic Air Force in World War Two. Pen & Sword Aviation. ISBN 978-1-84884-798-9.
- ^ Playfair 1956, p. 195.
- ^ Playfair 1956, p. 196.
- ^ Sutherland, Jon; Canwell, Diane (2011). Vichy Air Force at War: The French Air Force that Fought the Allies in World War II. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Aviation. pp. 38–43. ISBN 978-1-84884-336-3.
- ^ a b Korean War, 1950–53, Australian War Memorial.
- ^ a b Malayan Emergency, Australian War Memorial.
- ^ a b Indonesian Confrontation, 1963–66, Australian War Memorial.
- ^ a b Vietnam War 1962–75, Australian War Memorial.
- ^ a b c d e Iraq, Australian War Memorial.
- ^ "East Timor and Australia's Security Role: Issues and Scenarios".
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- ^ "Indonesia 'bugged' Australia". The Age. 15 November 2004.
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- ^ "PM – A look behind the 'Jakarta Lobby'". www.abc.net.au. 5 July 2023.
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- ^ a b "53. Indonesia/East Timor (1976–2002)". uca.edu.
- ^ "BBC News | Asia-Pacific | Military sanctions against Indonesia". news.bbc.co.uk.
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- ^ "BBC News | ASIA-PACIFIC | EU lifts arms embargo on Indonesia". news.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ Gberie, p. 102
- ^ Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada (3 September 1999) Sierra Leone: The Tamaboros and their role in the Sierra Leonian conflict. UNHCR. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
- ^ Торговля оружием и будущее Белоруссии
- ^ "How Bengali became an official language in Sierra Leone". The Indian Express. 21 February 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
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- ^ Paliwal, Avinash. "New Alignments, Old Battlefield: Revisiting India's Role in Afghanistan" (PDF). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
- ^ Afghanistan : Crisis of Impunity: The Role of Pakistan, Russia and Iran in Fueling the Civil War. Volume 13, Number 3. Human Rights Watch. July 2001. pp. 36–49. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
- ^ a b Rashid, Ahmed (2002). "Mazar-e-Sharif 1997: Massacre in the north". Taliban: Islam, Oil and the New Great Game in Central Asia. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 72. ISBN 9781860648304. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
- ^ a b "Australian soldier dead in Afghanistan named as lance corporal Todd Chidgey". the Guardian. 3 July 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
- ^ "Sectarian divisions change Baghdad's image". NBC News. 3 July 2006. Retrieved 18 February 2007.
- ^ References:
- "Al-Qaeda's Resurgence in Iraq: A Threat to U.S. Interests". U.S. Department of State. 5 February 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
- "The JRTN Movement and Iraq's Next Insurgency | Combating Terrorism Center at West Point". Ctc.usma.edu. Archived from the original on 26 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
- ^ a b "Deaths as a result of service with Australian units". Australian War Memorial. Archived from the original on 19 July 2015.
- ^ "Australia-led Combined Task Forces Concludes Role With RAMSI". Department of Defence (Press release). 2 July 2013. Archived from the original on 8 September 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
- ^ "Iraq Government Vows to Disband Sunnis". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
- ^ a b Australians and Peacekeeping, Australian War Memorial.
- ^ "Somali piracy is down 90 per cent from last year". The Journal. 15 December 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
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- ^ Mangosing, Divina Suson and Allan Nawal, Frances G. "BREAKING: Lorenzana says Marawi City siege is over". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "READ: Proclamation of martial law in Mindanao". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
- ^ "Congress extends martial law to December 31". Rappler. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
- ^ "Martial Law extended until December 31, 2018". GMA News. 13 December 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
- ^ Cepeda, Mara. "Congress extends martial law in Mindanao to end of 2019". Rappler. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
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- ^ "U.S. Central Command welcomes Albania's participation in the International Maritime Security Construct (IMSC)". U.S. Central Command. 1 November 2019. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
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- ^ Mamouri, Ali (2 July 2019). "Iraq orders militias to fully integrate into state security forces". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 1 December 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
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