Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEF2A gene .[ 5] [ 6] MEF2A is a transcription factor in the Mef2 family. In humans it is located on chromosome 15q26 . Certain mutations in MEF2A cause an autosomal dominant form of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction .
The process of differentiation from mesodermal precursor cells to myoblasts has led to the discovery of a variety of tissue-specific factors that regulate muscle gene expression. The myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins, including myoD (MIM 159970), myogenin (MIM 159980), MYF5 (MIM 159990), and MRF4 (MIM 159991) are 1 class of identified factors. A second family of DNA binding regulatory proteins is the myocyte-specific enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) family. Each of these proteins binds to the MEF2 target DNA sequence present in the regulatory regions of many, if not all, muscle-specific genes. The MEF2 genes are members of the MADS gene family (named for the yeast mating type-specific transcription factor MCM1, the plant homeotic genes 'agamous' and 'deficiens' and the human serum response factor SRF (MIM 600589)), a family that also includes several homeotic genes and other transcription factors, all of which share a conserved DNA-binding domain.[supplied by OMIM][ 6]
Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A has been shown to interact with:
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000068305 – Ensembl , May 2017
^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030557 – Ensembl , May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^ Yu YT, Breitbart RE, Smoot LB, Lee Y, Mahdavi V, Nadal-Ginard B (October 1992). "Human myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 comprises a group of tissue-restricted MADS box transcription factors" . Genes Dev . 6 (9): 1783–98. doi :10.1101/gad.6.9.1783 . PMID 1516833 .
^ a b "Entrez Gene: MEF2A MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2, polypeptide A (myocyte enhancer factor 2A)" .
^ Mao Z, Nadal-Ginard B (June 1996). "Functional and physical interactions between mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1 and myocyte enhancer factor 2A" . J. Biol. Chem . 271 (24): 14371–5. doi :10.1074/jbc.271.24.14371 . PMID 8662987 .
^ a b De Luca A, Severino A, De Paolis P, Cottone G, De Luca L, De Falco M, Porcellini A, Volpe M, Condorelli G (February 2003). "p300/cAMP-response-element-binding-protein ('CREB')-binding protein (CBP) modulates co-operation between myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) and thyroid hormone receptor-retinoid X receptor" . Biochem. J . 369 (Pt 3): 477–84. doi :10.1042/BJ20020057 . PMC 1223100 . PMID 12371907 .
^ a b Miska EA, Karlsson C, Langley E, Nielsen SJ, Pines J, Kouzarides T (September 1999). "HDAC4 deacetylase associates with and represses the MEF2 transcription factor" . EMBO J . 18 (18): 5099–107. doi :10.1093/emboj/18.18.5099 . PMC 1171580 . PMID 10487761 .
^ a b c Lemercier C, Verdel A, Galloo B, Curtet S, Brocard MP, Khochbin S (May 2000). "mHDA1/HDAC5 histone deacetylase interacts with and represses MEF2A transcriptional activity" . J. Biol. Chem . 275 (20): 15594–9. doi :10.1074/jbc.M908437199 . PMID 10748098 .
^ Zhao M, New L, Kravchenko VV, Kato Y, Gram H, di Padova F, Olson EN, Ulevitch RJ, Han J (January 1999). "Regulation of the MEF2 family of transcription factors by p38" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 19 (1): 21–30. doi :10.1128/mcb.19.1.21 . PMC 83862 . PMID 9858528 .
^ Yang SH, Galanis A, Sharrocks AD (June 1999). "Targeting of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases to MEF2 transcription factors" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 19 (6): 4028–38. doi :10.1128/mcb.19.6.4028 . PMC 104362 . PMID 10330143 .
^ Ornatsky OI, McDermott JC (October 1996). "MEF2 protein expression, DNA binding specificity and complex composition, and transcriptional activity in muscle and non-muscle cells" . J. Biol. Chem . 271 (40): 24927–33. doi :10.1074/jbc.271.40.24927 . PMID 8798771 .
^ Quinn ZA, Yang CC, Wrana JL, McDermott JC (February 2001). "Smad proteins function as co-modulators for MEF2 transcriptional regulatory proteins" . Nucleic Acids Res . 29 (3): 732–42. doi :10.1093/nar/29.3.732 . PMC 30396 . PMID 11160896 .
Wang Q (2005). "Advances in the Genetic Basis of Coronary Artery Disease" . Current Atherosclerosis Reports . 7 (3): 235–41. doi :10.1007/s11883-005-0012-6 . PMC 1783687 . PMID 15811259 .
Wang Q (2005). "Molecular genetics of coronary artery disease" . Curr. Opin. Cardiol . 20 (3): 182–8. doi :10.1097/01.hco.0000160373.77190.f1 . PMC 1579824 . PMID 15861005 .
Funk WD, Wright WE (1992). "Cyclic amplification and selection of targets for multicomponent complexes: myogenin interacts with factors recognizing binding sites for basic helix-loop-helix, nuclear factor 1, myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2, and COMP1 factor" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 89 (20): 9484–8. Bibcode :1992PNAS...89.9484F . doi :10.1073/pnas.89.20.9484 . PMC 50156 . PMID 1329097 .
Pollock R, Treisman R (1992). "Human SRF-related proteins: DNA-binding properties and potential regulatory targets" . Genes Dev . 5 (12A): 2327–41. doi :10.1101/gad.5.12a.2327 . PMID 1748287 .
Molkentin JD, Black BL, Martin JF, Olson EN (1996). "Cooperative activation of muscle gene expression by MEF2 and myogenic bHLH proteins" . Cell . 83 (7): 1125–36. doi :10.1016/0092-8674(95)90139-6 . PMID 8548800 .
Hobson GM, Krahe R, Garcia E, Siciliano MJ, Funanage VL (1996). "Regional chromosomal assignments for four members of the MADS domain transcription enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) gene family to human chromosomes 15q26, 19p12, 5q14, and 1q12-q23". Genomics . 29 (3): 704–11. doi :10.1006/geno.1995.9007 . PMID 8575763 .
Mao Z, Nadal-Ginard B (1996). "Functional and physical interactions between mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1 and myocyte enhancer factor 2A" . J. Biol. Chem . 271 (24): 14371–5. doi :10.1074/jbc.271.24.14371 . PMID 8662987 .
Suzuki E, Lowry J, Sonoda G, Testa JR, Walsh K (1996). "Structures and chromosome locations of the human MEF2A gene and a pseudogene MEF2AP". Cytogenet. Cell Genet . 73 (3): 244–9. doi :10.1159/000134348 . PMID 8697817 .
Ornatsky OI, McDermott JC (1996). "MEF2 protein expression, DNA binding specificity and complex composition, and transcriptional activity in muscle and non-muscle cells" . J. Biol. Chem . 271 (40): 24927–33. doi :10.1074/jbc.271.40.24927 . PMID 8798771 .
Black BL, Molkentin JD, Olson EN (1998). "Multiple Roles for the MyoD Basic Region in Transmission of Transcriptional Activation Signals and Interaction with MEF2" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 18 (1): 69–77. doi :10.1128/mcb.18.1.69 . PMC 121453 . PMID 9418854 .
Yang CC, Ornatsky OI, McDermott JC, Cruz TF, Prody CA (1998). "Interaction of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) with a mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK5/BMK1" . Nucleic Acids Res . 26 (20): 4771–7. doi :10.1093/nar/26.20.4771 . PMC 147902 . PMID 9753748 .
Zhao M, New L, Kravchenko VV, Kato Y, Gram H, di Padova F, Olson EN, Ulevitch RJ, Han J (1999). "Regulation of the MEF2 Family of Transcription Factors by p38" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 19 (1): 21–30. doi :10.1128/mcb.19.1.21 . PMC 83862 . PMID 9858528 .
Yang SH, Galanis A, Sharrocks AD (1999). "Targeting of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases to MEF2 Transcription Factors" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 19 (6): 4028–38. doi :10.1128/mcb.19.6.4028 . PMC 104362 . PMID 10330143 .
Iida K, Hidaka K, Takeuchi M, Nakayama M, Yutani C, Mukai T, Morisaki T (1999). "Expression of MEF2 genes during human cardiac development" . Tohoku J. Exp. Med . 187 (1): 15–23. doi :10.1620/tjem.187.15 . PMID 10458488 .
Miska EA, Karlsson C, Langley E, Nielsen SJ, Pines J, Kouzarides T (1999). "HDAC4 deacetylase associates with and represses the MEF2 transcription factor" . EMBO J . 18 (18): 5099–107. doi :10.1093/emboj/18.18.5099 . PMC 1171580 . PMID 10487761 .
Mao Z, Bonni A, Xia F, Nadal-Vicens M, Greenberg ME (1999). "Neuronal activity-dependent cell survival mediated by transcription factor MEF2". Science . 286 (5440): 785–90. doi :10.1126/science.286.5440.785 . PMID 10531066 .
Lu J, McKinsey TA, Nicol RL, Olson EN (2000). "Signal-dependent activation of the MEF2 transcription factor by dissociation from histone deacetylases" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 97 (8): 4070–5. Bibcode :2000PNAS...97.4070L . doi :10.1073/pnas.080064097 . PMC 18151 . PMID 10737771 .
Lemercier C, Verdel A, Galloo B, Curtet S, Brocard MP, Khochbin S (2000). "mHDA1/HDAC5 histone deacetylase interacts with and represses MEF2A transcriptional activity" (PDF) . J. Biol. Chem . 275 (20): 15594–9. doi :10.1074/jbc.M908437199 . PMID 10748098 . S2CID 39220205 .
Youn HD, Grozinger CM, Liu JO (2000). "Calcium regulates transcriptional repression of myocyte enhancer factor 2 by histone deacetylase 4" . J. Biol. Chem . 275 (29): 22563–7. doi :10.1074/jbc.C000304200 . PMID 10825153 .
(1) Basic domains
(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP )(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH )
Group A Group B Group C bHLH-PAS Group D Group E Group F bHLH-COE
(1.3) bHLH-ZIP (1.4) NF-1 (1.5) RF-X (1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)
(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains
(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys4 )
subfamily 1 subfamily 2 subfamily 3 subfamily 4 subfamily 5 subfamily 6 subfamily 0
(2.2) Other Cys4 (2.3) Cys2 His2 (2.4) Cys6 (2.5) Alternating composition (2.6) WRKY
(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts
(0) Other transcription factors