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Richard the Pilgrim

This article is about the saint. For the author of the crusade history, see Chanson d'Antioche.
Richard the Pilgrim
Stained glass window in St Ricarius Church, Aberford
BornAnglo-Saxon Britain
DiedLucca, Italy
Honored inRoman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church[1]

Richard the Pilgrim or Richard of Wessex[2] (died 720) was an English nobleman and Christian saint. He was the husband of Wuna of Wessex and the father of the West Saxon saints Willibald, Winnibald, and Walpurga. He led his family on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land but died en route in Lucca, where he was buried in the church of Saint Fridianus.[3]

The name of the saints' father is not given in the 8th-century Hodoeporicon (Itinerary) of Hygeburg, the earliest source, nor is Richard listed in the earliest martyrologies.[3] The name Richard and his identity as a "king of the English" are inventions of the 10th century from the monastery of Heidenheim.[4] His relics were being publicly displayed in both Lucca and Eichstätt in the 12th century. His feast day is celebrated on February 7.

There is one church in England dedicated to him, St Ricarius Church, Aberford.

Legend

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The reigning king of the West Saxons in 720 was King Ine, who ascended the throne in 688 and died in or possibly after 726. Bede states that he abdicated after 37 years, i.e. 725–26. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle refers to him abdicating in and around 726–28, then traveling to Rome and dying there.[5]

Richard was from Wessex now part of England,[6] and his real name is uncertain.[2] He appears to have been an Anglo-Saxon chieftain or a Brittonic under-king in Wessex, probably of part of Brittonic Dumnonia.[7] His wife was Wuna of Wessex, and they were the parents of Willibald, Bishop of Eichstätt, Winibald, Abbot of Heidenheim, and Walpurga, Abbess of Heidenheim.[6] He obtained by his prayers the recovery of his three-year-old son Willibald, whom he laid at the foot of a great crucifix erected in a public place in Wessex when the child's life was despaired of in a grievous sickness.[8]

In 720, he entrusted his eleven-year-old daughter Walpurga to the abbess of Wimborne in Dorset,[9] renounced his estates, and set sail with his two sons from Hamblehaven near Southampton. They landed in France and temporarily stayed in Rouen. From there, they set off on the pilgrimage route to Italy, where they prayed at shrines situated along the way.

He died unexpectedly after developing a fever in Lucca, Tuscany, where he was buried in the Church of San Frediano, founded by the Irish monk Fridianus. Miracles were reported to have occurred at his tomb and a cult venerating him developed. The people of Lucca gave him the name "Richard" and embellished their accounts of his life, describing him as an English prince. Another apocryphal story described him as the Duke of Swabia in Germany.[6]

Eichstätt Mittelschrein

His son, Willibald, continued the pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Richard's niece, a nun called Hygeburg (Huneburc of Heidenheim), wrote an account of the pilgrimage, entitled "Hodoeporicon"; historians date the text between 761 and 786.[10]

Veneration

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Some of Richard's relics were transported to Eichstätt, where Willibald eventually became Bishop. Richard's feast day is 7 February.[2]

Richard is depicted with the Blessed Mother and his three children at Eichstätt Cathedral.

In religious artworks, Richard is portrayed as a royal pilgrim in an ermine-lined cloak with two sons, one a bishop and one an abbot. His crown appears to lie on a book (Roeder). Richard is particularly venerated at Heidenheim and Lucca (Roeder).[2]

On the evening of February 6, 2022, Dormition of the Virgin Mary Greek Orthodox Church in Somerville, Massachusetts served a complete All-Night Vigil service for Richard using a newly-composed office text. Modern Byzantine chant composers, including Jessica Suchy-Pilalis, composed music for the idiomela. Iconographer Brian Matthew Whirledge painted a new icon of Richard for the Vigil's procession.[11] The Dormition parish served the All-Night Vigil again on February 6, 2023.[12]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ February 20 / February 7. https://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/htc/orthodox-calendar/
  2. ^ a b c d Rabenstein, Katherine I. (1998). "Saint of the Day : February 7". St. Patrick's Catholic Church. Washington, D.C. Richard the King (RM). Retrieved 2010-03-24., herself quoting Roeder, Helen (1956). Saints and Their Attributes. Chicago: H. Regnery Co. pp. ??. LCCN 56013630.
  3. ^ a b David Farmer (ed.), "Richard (d. 720)", in The Oxford Dictionary of Saints, 5th rev. ed. (Oxford University Press, 2011), p. 378.
  4. ^ Paul Burns, ed., Butler's Lives of the Saints: February (The Liturgical Press, 1998), pp. 68–69.
  5. ^ Handbook of British Chronology, ed. Fryde et al., 3rd ed., RHS, 1986, p. 22
  6. ^ a b c "St. Richard the Pilgrim". faith.nd.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
  7. ^ Monks of Ramsgate. “Richard”. Book of Saints, 1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 6 February 2017Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  8. ^ "Butler's Lives of the Saints – Saint Richard, King in England, and Confessor". CatholicSaints.Info. 2013-02-07. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
  9. ^ Casanova, Gertrude. "St. Walburga." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 14 May 2018
  10. ^ "Prologue to the Hodoeporicon of St. Willibald". Huneberc of Heidenheim. Social Sciences Faculty Web Pages. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  11. ^ "An All-Night Vigil for St. Richard of Wessex". www.orthodoxartsjournal.org. 10 May 2022. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
  12. ^ "Dormition of the Virgin Mary Greek Orthodox Church Weekly Bulletin, February 5, 2023". www.dormitionchurch.org. Retrieved 2023-04-21.