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Royal Hospital Kilmainham

Royal Hospital Kilmainham
Ospidéal Ríochta Chill Mhaighneann
Royal Hospital Kilmainham
Map
General information
TypeHospital and retirement home
Architectural styleClassical, Baroque
LocationKilmainham
Town or cityDublin
CountryIreland
Coordinates53°20′36″N 6°18′01″W / 53.343303°N 6.300177°W / 53.343303; -6.300177
Current tenantsIrish Museum of Modern Art
Construction started1679
Estimated completion1687
OwnerOffice of Public Works
Technical details
Materialgranite, calp limestone
Design and construction
Architect(s)William Robinson
Known forThe first classical and secular building of scale in Ireland.
Renovating team
Architect(s)Thomas Burgh (1702-13)
References
[1][2]

The Royal Hospital Kilmainham (Irish: Ospidéal Ríochta Chill Mhaighneann) in Kilmainham, Dublin, is a 17th-century former hospital and retirement home which is now mainly used to house the Irish Museum of Modern Art and as a concert and events venue.

It is notable as being the first large secular building in Ireland as well as being the first large classical building in Ireland. It remains one of the few 17th-century buildings in Dublin that are still extant.

History

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Prior of St John and Kilmainham Castle

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A priory, founded in 1174 by Strongbow, existed on the site until the Crown closed it down in the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 1530s.[3] It was the main centre of the Knights Hospitaller in Ireland and formed part of the Manor of Kilmainham.[4][5]

Commissioning, design and construction

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An early illustration of the hospital taken from Charles Brooking's map of Dublin (1728)

The hospital was built as a home for retired soldiers of the Irish Army by Sir William Robinson, Surveyor General for James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, between 1679 and 1687 on what was then a portion of the Phoenix Park.[6]

Colonel John Jeffreys of Brecon, an old Welsh soldier who had served the Crown loyally during the English Civil War, was appointed the first Master, at a salary of £300 per annum. The hospital got off to a bad start financially: from a petition presented by Jeffreys to King James II in 1686, it seems that most of the original sources of funding had dried up.[7]

The building was inspired by Les Invalides in Paris which also has a formal facade and a large enclosed courtyard.[8] Along with Les Invalides, it served as the model for the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, begun the next year under the guidance of Christopher Wren.[9]

The Richmond Tower at the end of the formal avenue leading to the Royal Hospital was designed by Francis Johnston.[10] This gateway originally stood beside the river Liffey at Bloody Bridge (now Rory O'More Bridge), but had to be moved after the arrival of the railway in 1844 increased traffic congestion. He had placed his personal coat of arms above the arch, concealed by a piece of wood painted to match the stone, his idea being that his arms would be revealed to future generations after the wood became rotten. However, his little trick was uncovered when the gateway was taken down for removal. The coat of arms at present on the gateway is that of the Royal Hospital.[11]

The Royal Hospital Kilmainham graveyards, including Bully's Acre, are 400 metres to the west. A cross-shaft in the former cemetery may be the remains of a boundary cross associated with a ninth-century monastery located at this site.[12]

Hospital closure and repurposing

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Following the creation of the Irish Free State the Royal Hospital was considered as a potential home for Oireachtas Éireann, the new Irish national parliament. Eventually, it was decided to keep parliament in its temporary home in Leinster House.[13] The Hospital remained the home of a dwindling number of soldiers until it closed in 1927.[8] It was then variously used by the Garda Síochána and as a storage location for property belonging to the National Museum of Ireland. The large statue Queen Victoria which used to stand in the forecourt of Leinster House, before its removal in 1947, was stored in the main courtyard of the Hospital,[14] as were various state carriages, including the state coach of the Lord Chancellor of Ireland.[15] The Royal Hospital in Kilmainham was finally restored by the Irish Government in 1984 and opened as the Irish Museum of Modern Art (IMMA).[16]

Every year on the National Day of Commemoration—the anniversary of the Truce that ended the Irish War of Independence, celebrated on the Sunday nearest 11 July–the President of Ireland lays a wreath in the courtyard in memory of all Irishmen and Irishwomen who have died in wars and on service with the United Nations. The ceremony includes members of the Government of Ireland, members of Dáil Éireann and of Seanad Éireann, the Council of State, the Defence Forces, the Judiciary and the Diplomatic Corps.[17]

Concert and events venue

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Since the beginning of the 21st century, the grounds have become a popular location for concerts and events. Festival such as Forbidden Fruit and acts such as Blur, Damien Rice, Tame Impala, Kodaline and Patti Smith have played there.[18] The Frames played their 30th-anniversary show on 28 May 2022 for an audience of about 10,000.[19]

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Royal Hospital Kilmainham". www.dia.ie. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Irish Museum of Modern Art, Military Road, Kilmainham, Dublin 8, DUBLIN". Buildings of Ireland. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  3. ^ Lennox Barrow, G. (1 June 1985). "The Knights Hospitaller of St. John of Jerusalem at Kilmainham". Dublin Historical Record. 38 (3): 108–112. JSTOR 30100662.
  4. ^ Maxwell, Nick (31 August 2016). "Soldiers of Christ: the Knights Templar and the Knights Hospitaller in medieval Ireland". History Ireland. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  5. ^ "Reconstructing St John's Priory | News". The Liberties Dublin. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  6. ^ "Sir William Robinson". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 10 May 2019. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  7. ^ Arni, Eric von. Hospital Care and the British Standing Army 1660–1714. Routledge. p. 57. ISBN 978-0754654636.
  8. ^ a b "Royal Hospital Kilmainham". Heritage Ireland. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  9. ^ Summerson, Sir John (1953). Architecture in Britain 1530-1830 (1993 ed.). Yale University Press. p. 221. ISBN 0300058861.
  10. ^ "Co. Dublin, Dublin, Circular Road South (Kilmainham), Royal Hospital". Dictionary of Irish Architects. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  11. ^ Guinness, Desmond; Jacqueline O'Brien (1994). Dublin: A Grand Tour. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-297-82221-9.
  12. ^ Murphy, Sean (1989). Bully's Acre and Royal Hospital Kilmainham graveyards: history and inscriptions (PDF). Dublin: Divelina Publications. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-9512611-1-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  13. ^ "A Parliament seeking a home". Oireachtas. 3 April 2019. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  14. ^ "Statues of Dublin: The unveiling (and removal) of Queen Victoria". Come here to me. 24 May 2012. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  15. ^ "The Lord Mayor's Coach". Dublin City. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  16. ^ "Twenty years of the Irish Museum of Modern Art". The Irish Times. 19 March 2011. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  17. ^ "Dublin ceremony remembers Irish war dead". Irish Times. 9 July 2006. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  18. ^ "Five times the Royal Hospital Kilmainham has hosted amazing gigs". Joe.ie. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  19. ^ Murray, Jess. "Live Report: The Frames relish triumphant return at the Royal Hospital Kilmainham, Dublin". Hotpress.
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