Sidney Olcott

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Sidney Olcott
Olcott in 1922
Born	John Sidney Allcott (1872-09-20)September 20, 1872 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Died	December 16, 1949(1949-12-16) (aged 76) Hollywood, California, U.S.
Occupation(s)	Film director, producer, screenwriter, actor
Years active	1904–1942
Spouse	Valentine Grant ​ ​ (m. 1914; died 1949)​

Sidney Olcott (born John Sidney Allcott;^[1] September 20, 1872^[2] – December 16, 1949)^[3] was a Canadian-born film producer, director, actor and screenwriter.

Born John Sidney Allcott in Toronto, he became one of the first great directors of the motion picture business. With a desire to be an actor, a young Sidney Olcott went to New York City where he worked in the theatre until 1904 when he performed as a film actor with the Biograph Studios.

In 1907, Frank J. Marion and Samuel Long, with financial backing from George Kleine, formed a new motion picture company called the Kalem Company and were able to lure the increasingly successful Olcott away from Biograph. Olcott was offered the sum of ten dollars per picture and under the terms of his contract, Olcott was required to direct a minimum of one, one-reel picture of about a thousand feet every week. After making a number of very successful films for the Kalem studio, including Ben Hur (1907) with its dramatic chariot race scene, and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1908),^[4]

Olcott became the company's president and was rewarded with one share of its stock. In 1910, Olcott went to Ireland where he made a film called A Lad from Old Ireland. He would go on to make more than a dozen films there and later on only the outbreak of World War I prevented him from following through with his plans to build a permanent studio in Beaufort, County Kerry, Ireland. The Irish films led to him taking a crew to Palestine in 1912 to make the first five-reel film ever, titled From the Manger to the Cross, the life story of Jesus.^[3]

The film concept was at first the subject of much scepticism but when it appeared on screen, it was lauded by the public and the critics. Costing $35,000 to produce, From the Manger to the Cross earned the Kalem Company profits of almost $1 million, a staggering amount in 1912. The motion picture industry acclaimed him as its greatest director and the film influenced the direction many great filmmakers would take such as D.W. Griffith and Cecil B. DeMille. From the Manger to the Cross is still shown today to film societies and students studying early film making techniques. In 1998, the film was selected for the National Film Registry of the United States Library of Congress.^{[citation needed]}

Despite making the studio owners very rich men, they refused to increase his salary beyond the $150 a week he was then earning. From the enormous profits made for his employers, Olcott's dividend on the one share they had given him amounted to $350. As a result, Olcott resigned and took some time off, making only an occasional film until 1915 when he was encouraged by Mary Pickford to join her at Famous Players–Lasky, later Paramount Pictures. The Kalem Company never recovered from the mistake of losing Olcott and a few years after his departure, the operation was acquired by Vitagraph Studios in 1916.

Olcott was a founding member of the East Coast chapter of the Motion Picture Directors Association, a forerunner to today's Directors Guild of America and would later serve as its president. Olcott married actress Valentine Grant, the star of his 1916 film, The Innocent Lie.^{[citation needed]}

During World War II, Olcott opened his home to visiting British Commonwealth soldiers in Los Angeles. In his book titled Stardust and Shadows: Canadians in Early Hollywood, writer Charles Foster tells of this period in Olcott's life, and of how he was introduced to many members of Hollywood's Canadian community through Olcott. Olcott died in Hollywood, California,^[3] in the house of his friend Robert Vignola where he lived after the death of Valentine Grant. Wanting to be buried in Canada, he is buried in Park Lawn cemetery in Toronto, Ontario.^[1][3]

• Marriage for Convenience (1919)

• Scratch My Back (1920)

• The Right Way (1921)
• God's Country and the Law (1921)
• Pardon My French (1921)

• Timothy's Quest (1922)^[5]

• The Green Goddess (1923)
• Little Old New York (1923)

• The Humming Bird (1924)
• Monsieur Beaucaire (1924)
• The Only Woman (1924)

• Salome of the Tenements (1925)
• The Charmer (1925)
• Not So Long Ago (1925)
• The Best People (1925)

• The White Black Sheep (1926)
• Ranson's Folly (1926)
• The Amateur Gentleman (1926)

• The Claw (1927)

• Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood

• Michel Derrien, Aux origines du cinéma irlandais: Sidney Olcott, le premier oeil, TIR 2013; ISBN 978-2-917681-20-6 (in French)

• Olcott filming in Ireland (PDF)
• Sidney Olcott at IMDb
• (in French) Sidney Olcott, le premier œil