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South African Class ES

South African Class ES
Class ES shunting locomotive, c. 1936
Type and origin
♠ Series 1 & 2 – ♥ Series 3 & 4
Power typeElectric
DesignerSouth African Railways
(A.G. Watson)
BuilderSouth African Railways
Werkspoor
Serial numberWerkspoor 737-746, 913-924 & 1053-1054, SLM 3662
ModelSAR ES
Build date1936–1964
Total produced28
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • AARB-B
 • UICBo+Bo
 • CommonwealthBo+Bo
Gauge3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Wheel diameter1,219 mm (48.0 in)
Minimum curve91.45 m (300 ft)
Wheelbase9,423 mm (30 ft 11.0 in) ​
 • Bogie2,819 mm (9 ft 3.0 in)
Pivot centres6,604 mm (21 ft 8.0 in)
Length:
​
 • Over couplers13,310 mm (43 ft 8.0 in)
Width2,800 mm (9 ft 2.2 in)
Height:
​
 • Pantograph♠ 3,859 mm (12 ft 7.9 in)
♥ 4,026 mm (13 ft 2.5 in)
 • Body height♠ 3,478 mm (11 ft 4.9 in)
♥ 3,618 mm (11 ft 10.4 in)
Axle load17,018 kg (37,518 lb)
Loco weight68,075 kg (150,080 lb)
Electric system/s3 kV DC catenary
Current pickup(s)Pantograph
Traction motorsFour MV 182R ​
 • Rating 1 hour224 kW (300 hp)
Gear ratio17:75
Train brakesAir & Vacuum
CouplersAAR knuckle
Performance figures
Maximum speed40 km/h (25 mph)
Power output896 kW (1,202 hp)
Tractive effort:
​
 • Starting176 kN (40,000 lbf)
 • 1 hour94 kN (21,000 lbf)
 • Continuous73 kN (16,000 lbf)
Career
OperatorsSouth African Railways
Driefontein GM
ClassClass ES
Number in class28
NumbersSAR E500-E501 (ex E96-E97), E503-E512 (ex E124-E133), E515-E526, Driefontein 1-4
NicknamesStudebaker
Delivered1936–1964
First run1936
Withdrawnc. 1983

The South African Railways Class ES of 1936 was an electric locomotive.

In 1936, the South African Railways built two Class ES centre-cab electric shunting locomotives with a Bo+Bo wheel arrangement, based on the Class 1E mainline electric locomotive. Between then and 1964, more were acquired until a total of 24 Class ES locomotives were eventually in service. Four more were built new for industry in 1952 and 1957.[1][2][3][4]

The Class ES was the fourth locomotive type to be designed and built in South Africa, after the Natal Government Railways 4-6-2TT Havelock of 1888, the Class 2C of 1910 and the Class 20 of 1935.[2]

Design

[edit]
A.G. Watson

During 1935, it was decided to replace steam shunting locomotives with electric shunting units at Daimana (Danskraal) in Ladysmith. A design for a centre-cab electric shunting locomotive, based on the Class 1E mainline locomotive which was originally designed by Metropolitan-Vickers (Metrovick), was prepared by A.G. Watson, Chief Mechanical Engineer of the South African Railways (SAR) from 1929 to 1936, in collaboration with the SAR Electrical Department.[1][2][5][6]

Manufacturers

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The first two Class ES locomotives were built new in Pietermaritzburg, where the bodywork was constructed in the SAR workshops. Two sets of spare Class 1E power bogies, complete with traction motors and gearing, were used. The wiring, control equipment and auxiliary machinery were installed at Daimana. These two units were initially numbered E96 and E97, but they were later renumbered to E500 and E501. They entered service at Daimana in 1936 as South Africa's first purpose-built electric shunting locomotives.[1][2][5]

Even though it was not wholly a South African product with its imported Class 1E spare parts, the Class ES was the fourth recorded instance of locomotives designed and constructed in South African workshops, after the Natal Government Railways' engine Havelock of 1888, the Class 2C of 1910 and the Class 20 of 1935.[1][2][5][7][8][9][10]

Over the next 28 years, more of these locomotives were built and by 1964 24 Class ES locomotives had been placed in service by the SAR. As can be expected in a locomotive type which was built by different manufacturers over a period of almost three decades, there are differences in appearance between locomotives.[5]

Two batches of ten were built by the Nederlandsche Fabriek van Werktuigen en Spoorwegmaterieel (Werkspoor).

Series 4, numbers E525 and E526, the last two, were rebuilt from Class 1E locomotives in the SAR shops in 1964.

In 1952, two Class ES locomotives were built new for the Driefontein Consolidated Gold Mine (Dries) by Werkspoor, numbered 1 and 2. Another two were delivered new to the mine in 1957, numbered 3 and 4, also built by Werkspoor.[4]

Characteristics

[edit]

The locomotive body had three main sections. For the convenience of the driver and to afford him better outside vision, the cab was placed in the middle of the body, with the hoods of the machinery compartments tapering downwards from the cab. The "S" in the locomotive's class designation identifies it as a shunting locomotive, designed for and usually limited to yard work.[1][3]

With a maximum safe speed of 40 kilometres per hour (25 miles per hour), they ran on an overhead power supply of 3 kV DC. Their traction motors, connected in series on each bogie, operated on 1.5 kV DC.[5][11]

Service

[edit]

Although the class ES was initially largely confined to service in Natal, members of the class became quite common working on the Western Transvaal System in later years, mainly being employed around the Witwatersrand. Beginning in 1983, they were eventually replaced by the Class 8E, also a centre-cab shunting locomotive.[5]

The locomotives were known by enginemen as Studebakers since the two long hoods either side of the cab were likened to a 1947 Studebaker Commander Business Coupe.[12]

No. E511 is stored at Millsite Locomotive Depot in Krugersdorp awaiting possible restoration.

Works numbers

[edit]

The builders, works numbers, years built and renumbering of the Class ES are listed in the table below.[4]

Illustration

[edit]

The main picture shows one of the first two Class ES locomotives to be built, c. 1936. Until the 1960s, they had a bottle green livery with red buffer beams. Some of the liveries which were applied to Class ES locomotives are illustrated below.

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class ES.
  1. ^ a b c d e f Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1946). The Locomotive in South Africa – A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII – South African Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, April 1946. p. 296.
  2. ^ a b c d e Espitalier, T.J. (1947). Locomotives Designed and Built in South Africa – The S1, in service this month, is not the first locally-built engine. South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, October 1947. pp. 841-843.
  3. ^ a b South African Railways Index and Diagrams Electric and Diesel Locomotives, 610mm and 1065mm Gauges, Ref LXD 14/1/100/20, 28 January 1975, as amended
  4. ^ a b c d e Middleton, John N. (2002). Railways of Southern Africa Locomotive Guide - 2002 (as amended by Combined Amendment List 4, January 2009) (2nd, Dec 2002 ed.). Herts, England: Beyer-Garratt Publications. pp. 51, 63.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 134–135. ISBN 0869772112.
  6. ^ "Natal Contract to British". Electric Railway Journal. 61: 107. 13 January 1923. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
  7. ^ Holland, D.F. (1971). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 1: 1859–1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
  8. ^ Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). The Locomotive in South Africa – A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter III – Natal Government Railways. (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, June 1944. pp. 421-422.
  9. ^ Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). The Locomotive in South Africa – A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter III – Natal Government Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, August 1944. p. 599.
  10. ^ Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1946). The Locomotive in South Africa – A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII – South African Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, August 1946. pp. 630-631.
  11. ^ SETS – SAR Class 1E Electric Locomotives
  12. ^ Soul of A Railway, System 7, Western Transvaal, based in Johannesburg, Part 23: Braamfontein (2) by Les Pivnic, Part 2. Caption 39. (Accessed on 5 May 2017)