View text source at Wikipedia

Soyuz 30

Soyuz 30
The Soyuz 30 capsule, Hermaszewski's spacesuits and personal items, as well as memorabilia from the flight on display.
OperatorSoviet space program
COSPAR ID1978-065A Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.10968
Mission duration7 days, 22 hours and 2 minutes
Orbits completed125
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft typeSoyuz 7K-T/A9
ManufacturerNPO Energia
Launch mass6,800 kg (15,000 lb)
Crew
Crew size2
MembersPyotr Klimuk
Mirosław Hermaszewski
CallsignКавказ (Kavkaz - "Caucasus")
Start of mission
Launch date27 June 1978, 15:27:21 (1978-06-27UTC15:27:21Z) UTC
RocketSoyuz-U
Launch siteBaikonur 1/5[1]
End of mission
Landing date5 July 1978, 13:30:20 (1978-07-05UTC13:30:21Z) UTC
Landing site300 km (190 mi) W of Tselinograd
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric
RegimeLow Earth
Perigee altitude197.6 km (122.8 mi)
Apogee altitude261.3 km (162.4 mi)
Inclination51.66 degrees
Period88.83 minutes
Docking with Salyut 6[2]
Docking portAft
Docking date28 June 1978, 17:07:50 UTC
Undocking date5 July 1978, 10:15:40 UTC
Time docked6 days, 17 hours and 7 minutes

Soyuz 30 (Russian: Союз 30, Union 30) was a 1978 crewed Soviet space flight to the Salyut 6 space station. It was the sixth mission to and fifth successful docking at the orbiting facility.[2] The Soyuz 30 crew were the first to visit the long-duration Soyuz 29 resident crew.

Soyuz 30 carried Pyotr Klimuk and Mirosław Hermaszewski, the first (and to date, only) Polish cosmonaut, aloft.

Crew

[edit]
Position Cosmonaut
Commander Soviet Union Pyotr Klimuk
EP-3
Third and last spaceflight
Research Cosmonaut Poland Mirosław Hermaszewski, IK
EP-3
Only spaceflight

Backup crew

[edit]
Position Cosmonaut
Commander Soviet Union Valery Kubasov
Flight Engineer Poland Zenon Jankowski, IK

Mission parameters

[edit]

Mission highlights

[edit]
Heatshield of the capsule

The second Intercosmos mission was launched 27 June 1978 to the orbiting Salyut 6 space station. The Soyuz docked with the space station on 29 June, and cosmonauts Klimuk and Hermaszewski were greeted by Vladimir Kovalyonok and Aleksandr Ivanchenkov, the resident crew who had been on board for 12 days. For the third time, the Salyut was a four-man orbiting space laboratory.[3]

The activities of the Soyuz 30 crew, however, were severely curtailed so as not to interfere with the Soyuz 29 crew. On the Soyuz 29 crew's rest day, the international crew had to stay in their Soyuz to perform their experiments.[4] Nevertheless, Hermaszewski conducted many experiments. One was crystallization experiments which produced 47 grams of cadmium tellurium mercury semiconductors for use by infra-red detectors on board the station. The yield was far greater - 50% compared to 15% - than ground-based experiments.[4]

The Soyuz 30 crew was trained, as all international crews, in the use of the MKF-6M camera. Training in part took place on a Tu-134 flying at 10 km to best mimic conditions on the station.[4] Hermaszewski photographed Poland in co-ordination with aircraft taking close-up photos, but bad weather over Poland limited the photo sessions.[4] They additionally filmed the Aurora Borealis.[3]

Hermaszewski participated in medical experiments which measured lung capacity and the heart during exercise and in a pressure suit. One experiment, which all four on board the station participated in, was Smak (the Polish word for taste), a taste experiment which sought answers to why some food was less palatable in weightlessness.[4]

The Soyuz 30 crew packed their experiments into their capsule and returned to Earth 5 July, landing in a Rostov state farm field 300 km west of Tselinograd.[4]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Mark Wade. "Baikonur LC1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
  2. ^ a b "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz 30". SPACEFACTS.de. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  3. ^ a b Phillip Clark (1988). The Soviet Manned Space Program. New York, USA: Orion Books. ISBN 0-517-56954-X.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Dennis Newkirk (1990). Almanac of Soviet Manned Space Flight. Houston, Texas, USA: Gulf Publishing Company. ISBN 0-87201-848-2.