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Super Bowl television ratings

Satellite trucks broadcasting from Super Bowl XXXV. The game was watched by more than 84 million people in the United States.

Super Bowl television ratings have traditionally been high. One of the most watched annual sporting events in the world, the NFL's championship game is broadcast in over 130 countries in more than 30 languages.[1] Viewership is predominantly North American;[2][3] the Super Bowl is the most watched television broadcast in the United States every year.[4]

United States

[edit]

English

[edit]

The Super Bowl is noted for its enduring ratings. While viewership for prime time series and other annual events such as the Academy Awards has declined over time, viewership of the Super Bowl has remained stable.[5][6] In fact, the Super Bowl is the American sports broadcast with the most consistent ratings,[7] and draws substantially higher ratings than other sports events, including the NBA Finals and World Series.[8]

Ratings for the Super Bowl first peaked from 1977 to 1987, when no less than 44.4% of American households with television sets would watch.[5] From the late 2000s to mid-2010s, ratings peaked again—viewership grew for all but one broadcast from 2006 to 2015. This was attributed to the NFL's broadened appeal to female and Hispanic audiences, as well as the league's ability to prop up "high-profile" players in the media;[9] female viewership grew every year from 2003 to 2008.[10] However, the 2019 game became the least-watched in more than a decade and the household rating for the Super Bowl declined for the fourth consecutive year.[11]

The 1982 game remains the highest-rated Super Bowl broadcast; it earned a 49.1 household rating. Viewership peaked in 2015; Super Bowl XLIX was watched by over 114.4 million people.[12]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
List of Super Bowl television ratings in the United States with selected figures
Super
Bowl 		Date Network Avg. viewers
(millions) 		Households 18–49 demographic Avg. cost of 30-second ad
Rating Share Rating Share Original 2023 inflation-
adjusted
I January 15, 1967 CBS 26.75[13] 22.6[13] 43[13] Un­known Un­known $42,500[13] $388,353
NBC 24.43[13] 18.5[13] 36[13] Un­known Un­known $37,500[13] $342,665
II January 14, 1968 CBS 39.12[13] 36.8[13] 68[13] Un­known Un­known $54,500[13] $477,514
III January 12, 1969 NBC 41.66[13] 36.0[13] 70[13] Un­known Un­known $55,000[13] $456,969
IV January 11, 1970 CBS 44.27[13] 39.4[13] 69[13] Un­known Un­known $78,200[13] $613,538
V January 17, 1971 NBC 46.04[13] 39.9[13] 75[13] Un­known Un­known $72,500[13] $545,448
VI January 16, 1972 CBS 56.64[13] 44.2[13] 74[13] Un­known Un­known $86,100[13] $627,153
VII January 14, 1973 NBC 53.32[13] 42.7[13] 72[13] Un­known Un­known $88,100[13] $604,680
VIII January 13, 1974 CBS 51.70[13] 41.6[13] 73[13] Un­known Un­known $103,500[13] $639,437
IX January 12, 1975 NBC 56.05[13] 42.4[13] 72[13] Un­known Un­known $107,000[13] $605,870
X January 18, 1976 CBS 57.71[13] 42.3[13] 78[13] Un­known Un­known $110,000[13] $588,982
XI January 9, 1977 NBC 62.05[13] 44.4[13] 73[13] Un­known Un­known $125,000[13] $628,501
XII January 15, 1978 CBS 78.94[13] 47.2[13] 67[13] Un­known Un­known $162,300[13] $758,173
XIII January 21, 1979 NBC 74.74[13] 47.1[13] 74[13] Un­known Un­known $185,000[13] $776,644
XIV January 20, 1980 CBS 76.24[13] 46.3[13] 67[13] Un­known Un­known $222,000[13] $820,934
XV January 25, 1981 NBC 68.29[13] 44.4[13] 63[13] Un­known Un­known $275,000[13] $921,633
XVI January 24, 1982 CBS 85.24[13] 49.1[13] 73[13] Un­known Un­known $324,300[13] $1,023,893
XVII January 30, 1983 NBC 81.77[13] 48.6[13] 69[13] Un­known Un­known $400,000[13] $1,223,655
XVIII January 22, 1984 CBS 77.62[13] 46.4[13] 71[13] Un­known Un­known $368,200[13] $1,079,833
XIX January 20, 1985 ABC 85.53[13] 46.4[13] 63[13] Un­known Un­known $525,000[13] $1,487,283
XX January 26, 1986 NBC 92.57[13] 48.3[13] 70[13] Un­known Un­known $550,000[13] $1,528,780
XXI January 25, 1987 CBS 87.19[13] 45.8[13] 66[13] Un­known Un­known $600,000[13] $1,609,139
XXII January 31, 1988 ABC 80.14[13] 41.9[13] 62[13] Un­known Un­known $645,000[13] $1,661,683
XXIII January 22, 1989 NBC 81.59[13] 43.5[13] 68[13] Un­known Un­known $675,000[13] $1,659,141
XXIV January 28, 1990 CBS 73.85[13] 39.0[13] 63[13] Un­known Un­known $700,400[13] $1,633,434
XXV January 27, 1991 ABC 79.51[13] 41.9[13] 63[13] Un­known Un­known $800,000[13] $1,789,592
XXVI January 26, 1992 CBS 79.59[13] 40.3[13] 61[13] 35.6[14] 61[14] $850,000[13] $1,845,530
XXVII January 31, 1993 NBC 90.99[13] 45.1[13] 66[13] Un­known Un­known $850,000[13] $1,792,813
XXVIII January 30, 1994 90.00[13] 45.5[13] 66[13] 39.9[15] 76[15] $900,000[13] $1,850,112
XXIX January 29, 1995 ABC 83.42[13] 41.3[13] 62[13] Un­known Un­known $1,150,000[13] $2,299,498
XXX January 28, 1996 NBC 94.08[13] 46.0[13] 68[13] 41.2[16] Un­known $1,085,000[13] $2,107,842
XXXI January 26, 1997 Fox 87.87[13] 43.3[13] 65[13] 38.5[17] 74[17] $1,200,000[13] $2,277,612
XXXII January 25, 1998 NBC 90.00[13] 44.5[13] 67[13] 38.7[18] 75[18] $1,291,100[13] $2,413,498
XXXIII January 31, 1999 Fox 83.72[13] 40.2[13] 61[13] 36.4[19] 71[19] $1,600,000[13] $2,926,408
XXXIV January 30, 2000 ABC 88.47[13] 43.3[13] 63[13] 37.9[20] 70[20] $2,100,000[13] $3,715,478
XXXV January 28, 2001 CBS 84.34[13] 40.4[13] 61[13] 35.8[21] 71[21] $2,200,000[13] $3,785,604
XXXVI February 3, 2002 Fox 86.80[13] 40.4[13] 61[13] 34.7[22] 70[22] $2,200,000[13] $3,726,772
XXXVII January 26, 2003 ABC 88.64[13] 40.7[13] 61[13] 36.4[23] 70[23] $2,200,000[13] $3,643,849
XXXVIII February 1, 2004 CBS 89.80[13] 41.4[13] 63[13] 35.7[24] 72[24] $2,302,200[13] $3,713,697
XXXIX February 6, 2005 Fox 86.07[13] 41.1[13] 62[13] 33.2[25] 68[25] $2,400,000[13] $3,744,147
XL February 5, 2006 ABC 90.75[13] 41.6[13] 62[13] 34.6[25] 69[25] $2,500,000[13] $3,778,475
XLI February 4, 2007 CBS 93.18[13] 42.6[13] 64[13] 35.2[26] 70[26] $2,385,365[13] $3,505,120
XLII February 3, 2008 Fox 97.45[13] 43.1[13] 65[13] 37.5[27] 73[27] $2,699,963[13] $3,820,844
XLIII February 1, 2009 NBC 98.73[13] 42.0[13] 64[13] 36.7[28] 72[28] $3,000,000[13] $4,260,586
XLIV February 7, 2010 CBS 106.48[13] 45.0[13] 68[13] 38.6[29] 75[29] $2,800,000[13] $3,912,223
XLV February 6, 2011 Fox 111.04[13] 46.0[13] 69[13] 39.9[30] 77[30] $2,948,649[13] $3,993,762
XLVI February 5, 2012 NBC 111.35[13] 47.0[13] 71[13] 40.5[31] 78[31] $3,442,752[13] $4,569,044
XLVII February 3, 2013 CBS 108.69[13] 46.4[13] 69[13] 39.7[32] 77[32] $3,765,130[13] $4,924,790
XLVIII February 2, 2014 Fox 112.19[13] 46.7[13] 69[13] 39.3[33] 77[33] $4,084,864[13] $5,257,382
XLIX February 1, 2015 NBC 114.44[13] 47.5[13] 71[13] 39.1[34] 79[34] $4,283,129[13] $5,505,592
50 February 7, 2016 CBS 111.86[13] 46.6[13] 72[13] 37.7[35] 79[35] $4,800,000[13] $6,093,844
LI February 5, 2017 Fox 111.32[13] 45.3[13] 70[13] 37.1[36] 79[36] $5,399,873[13] $6,712,088
LII February 4, 2018 NBC 103.47[13] 43.1[13] 68[13] 33.4[37] 78[37] $5,235,379[13] $6,352,389
LIII February 3, 2019 CBS 98.48[13] 41.1[13] 67[13] 31.0[38] 78[38] $5,199,916[13] $6,196,854
LIV February 2, 2020 Fox 101.32[13] 41.6[13] 69[13] 30.1[39] 77[39] $5,400,000[13] $6,357,516
LV February 7, 2021 CBS 95.2[40][a] 38.2[13][a] 68[13][a] 26.5[41][a] 88[41][a] $5,500,000[42] $6,184,207
LVI February 13, 2022 NBC 99.18[43] 36.9[44] 72[45] 29.5[43] $6,500,000[46] $6,767,569
LVII February 12, 2023 Fox 114.21[b][47] 40.4[47] 33.8[48] $7,000,000 $7,000,000
LVIII February 11, 2024 CBS 120.25[49] 42.1[49] 81[49] 35.9[49] 111[49] $7,000,000 —
Nickelodeon 1.25[50] 0.5[50] Un­known Un­known Un­known $250,000 —

1967–1979

[edit]
Super Bowl I was played at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.

The first championship game was dubbed the "Super Nielsen Bowl" by the media.[51][52] Variety predicted that the ratings for the game would be the most important of the year. At the time, CBS held the broadcasting rights to NFL games and NBC held the rights to AFL games.[53] With one team from each league competing against each other, the two networks agreed to pay $1 million each to simulcast Super Bowl I.[54] As NFL games on CBS rated double those of AFL games on NBC during the regular season, CBS was able to charge advertisers tens of thousands of dollars more than NBC for 60-second commercials during the broadcast.[53][55] For years, CBS had held the reputation of being "the pro football network," and was expected to live up to it.[54][55] Preliminary ratings for the game—which was controversially blacked out in Greater Los Angeles[51]—were released a day later and showed that the CBS feed was more popular than the NBC.[56] Three weeks later, this was confirmed when the national Nielsen ratings were released, crowning CBS the winner of the first "network Nielsen Bowl."[57]

Unlike Super Bowl I, the 1968 game was broadcast by only one network, CBS. The preliminary Arbitron ratings as reported by the network gave the game a 43.0 rating, a 76 share, and a total viewership of over 70 million.[58] However, the final Nielsen numbers later revealed the game was watched by 51.3 million total viewers and received a 36.8 rating and a 68 share—less than Super Bowl I.[59] In New York City, the game received a 36.3 rating and a 61 share.[60] 1969's Super Bowl III received an initial rating of 39.9 and a share of 79 with over 60 million total viewers. In New York City, the game registered a preliminary rating of 40.5 on NBC, more than eight times the combined rating of CBS and ABC broadcasts at the same time.[61] Final numbers gave Super Bowl III a national rating of 36.0, lower than the previous year, though the total viewership was up from 51.3 million to 54.5 million.[59]

In contrast with previous years, Super Bowl IV's ratings were largely underestimated. Overnight Nielsen ratings gave the 1970 game a 38.8 rating and a 70 share, with 57 million total viewers; final numbers gave the game a 39.4 rating, 69 share, and 59.2 million total viewers.[59][62] The 1971 game was watched by 39.8% of American households, making the NBC broadcast the highest-rated sports event on a single network, beating the final game of the 1963 World Series[63] This record would be broken again the following year when the 1972 CBS broadcast of Super Bowl VI was watched by 44.2% of households.[64] In 1973, Super Bowl VII was the first game to be exempt from a local television blackout following the amendment of an NFL policy requiring them at the time. Although 3 million more households were able to watch the game,[65] the number of households that actually watched it increased by only 220,000 compared to the previous year, and the rating declined from a 44.2 to a 42.7.[13] Likewise in 1974, the rating declined again to a 41.6, and total viewership for the game was 4.5 million less than the year before.[59]

The 1975 Super Bowl was televised for five hours on NBC.[66] As a result, the number of viewers who watched at least six minutes of the broadcast (total viewers) increased from 63.2 million to 71.3 million—a new record for the game.[59] The rating and average viewership also increased compared to the previous year.[13] With the Steelers winning the game, the broadcast in Pittsburgh attracted a preliminary rating of 63 and a share of 88 in the city, meaning 88% of the households in the city with television sets in use were watching it.[67] In Los Angeles, the game received a 78% share of the audience, compared to the combined shares of the broadcasts on CBS and ABC at the same time of 4%.[68] Super Bowl X also saw an increase in ratings; total viewership for the 1976 game increased by 2 million compared to the previous year and the national audience share was 78%, which remains the highest-ever number for the game on a single network.[59]

In 1977, Super Bowl XI was watched by 81.9 million total viewers, beating the Game 7 viewership of the 1975 World Series and becoming the most-watched sports broadcast in American history.[69] The rating of 44.4 and average viewership of 62.1 million also set new records for the game[13]—all of which would be broken the following year when Super Bowl XII was the first to be broadcast in prime time in the Eastern Time Zone.[70] As a result, total viewership grew by over 20 million and the 1978 game became the most-watched single-network broadcast in U.S. history; 102 million viewers watched at least five minutes.[59][71] The audience share decreased to an all-time low, but the rating increased to a 47.2 from a 44.4 and average viewership increased by over 16 million compared the previous year, setting new highs for the game.[13] In 1979, the Super Bowl XIII broadcast recorded a drop in both average and total viewership, and the rating decreased by 0.1 to a 47.1, though all were the second-best numbers ever for the game and the share grew by 7 percentage points to a 74.[13][59][72]


1980–1989

[edit]

1990–1999

[edit]

2000–2009

[edit]

2010–2019

[edit]

In the first half of the decade, total U.S. TV viewership generally increased every year, peaking in 2015 during Super Bowl XLIX on NBC in terms of average viewership (at 115 million people). While the trend for average Super Bowl ratings decreased in the second half of the decade, Super Bowl LI on Fox in 2017, the first Super Bowl ever decided in overtime, currently holds the record for the largest total viewership in Super Bowl (and U.S. television) history at 172 million people. The halftime shows from 2010 to 2017 alone outperformed the actual game in terms of average U.S. TV viewership.[73][74]

2020s

[edit]

Super Bowl LIV on Fox in 2020 opened up this decade amidst the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic at the time and saw significant ratings improvement from the 2 previous Super Bowl editions, but suffered lower ratings the year after,[75] with an average of 91.63 million alone on CBS - the lowest since 2006. In 2022, with the resumption of full venue attendances at NFL games, Super Bowl LVI on NBC saw an average of 99.18 million viewers and total of 101.09 million, with streaming contributing an extra 11 million for a total of 112.3 million people. This is currently the second biggest average viewership in Super Bowl (and U.S. television) history.[76] The Spanish audience nearly tripled from the year prior.

Spanish

[edit]

Due to a growing Hispanic football fanbase, Spanish-language broadcasts of the Super Bowl by American channels began in 2014.[77]

Super
Bowl 		Date Channel Avg. viewers
(millions)
XLVIII February 2, 2014 Fox Deportes 0.56[78]
XLIX February 1, 2015 NBC Universo 0.37[79]
50 February 7, 2016 ESPN Deportes 0.47[80]
LI February 5, 2017 Fox Deportes 0.65[81]
LII February 4, 2018 Universo 0.54[79]
LIII February 3, 2019 ESPN Deportes 0.47[82]
LIV February 2, 2020 Fox Deportes 0.76[81]
LV February 7, 2021 ESPN Deportes 0.65[83]
LVI February 13, 2022 Telemundo 1.91[45]
LVII February 12, 2023 Fox Deportes 0.88[84]
LVIII February 11, 2024 Univision 2.2[85]

International

[edit]

Canada

[edit]

The Super Bowl has been broadcast in Canada since its inception on both English and French television networks. In English, the first 12 Super Bowl games were broadcast on CBC television stations and affiliates. The game rotated between CTV (1979, 1981, 1983) and CBC (1980, 1982) before airing on Global and its affiliates in 1984 and 1985. The game briefly returned to CTV in 1986 and then aired on Global from 1987 until 2007. Following a new deal with the NFL, CTV regained the rights to air the Super Bowl in Canada and it has aired on the network since 2008. The game has also been simulcast on CTV 2 (2017–19) and sports cable channel TSN (2016–present).[86][87] In Quebec, the first 20 games aired on French television stations owned by the SRC (the Canadian Broadcasting Company is known in French as the Société Radio-Canada). From 1987 to 1991, the Super Bowl aired on TQS, with the exception of the 1989 game which was only available on NBC via cable. In 1992, 1993, and 1994, the game was broadcast on sports channel RDS before moving to TVA in 1995. In 1996, the game returned to RDS and has aired on the channel since.[86][88]

Viewership for early games was estimated through various surveys conducted by Numeris and/or Nielsen Canada. However, reliable figures are only available since the 1990s when Nielsen began tracking viewership in the province of Ontario in 1991; electronic measurement of the game was not conducted by Numeris nationally until the mid-2000s. Following the introduction of the Portable People Meter (PPM) in Canada in time for the 2010 game, viewership increased significantly compared to the previous decade. In 2014 and 2015, total Canadian viewership equaled or exceeded that of American total viewership, per capita.[89] A controversial decision by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) that banned Canadian networks from simsubbing the Super Bowl in 2017, 2018, and 2019 caused a decline in viewership; the rule was overturned by the Supreme Court of Canada prior to the 2020 game.

Similar to the United States, ad prices have also increased over the years on English networks in Canada. In 1977 and 1978, the cost of a 30-second ad was $2,500 and $3,200 Canadian, respectively.[90] By 1992, the price had increased to $25,000.[91] In 1994 and 1995, the price was $29,000 and $40,000, respectively.[92] By 1998, the price had increased to $45,000.[93] In 2000, the price was $85,000 per 30 seconds—more than a 50% increase over the $55,000 it cost in 1999.[94][95] The ad price was approximately $100,000 in 2003.[96] In 2005, the cost of a 30-second ad was $110,000;[97] it was lowered to $100,000 for the next two games due to a decline in viewership.[98][99] Following the acquisition of Super Bowl broadcasts rights by CTV, the price returned to $110,000 in 2008.[99] It then increased to approximately $117,000 for the 2009 game, before declining slightly for the 2010 game.[100] In 2011, CTV charged about $100,000.[101] By 2012, ads cost close to $130,000 per 30 seconds.[102] Ads cost between $170,000 and $200,000 for the 2015 game, and between $150,000 and $200,000 for the 2020 game.[103][104]

Note: Viewership figure for the 2018 English-language broadcast excludes TSN.
Super Bowl television ratings in Canada showing network(s) broadcast on and average viewership, 1998–present
Super Bowl Date English French
Network(s) Avg. viewers Network Avg. viewers
XXXII January 25, 1998 Global 3,000,000[105] RDS Un­known
XXXIII January 31, 1999 3,399,000[59] Un­known
XXXIV January 30, 2000 4,000,000[106] Un­known
XXXV January 28, 2001 3,000,000[107] Un­known
XXXVI February 3, 2002 3,600,000[citation needed] Un­known
XXXVII January 26, 2003 3,600,000[108] 617,000[108]
XXXVIII February 1, 2004 3,560,000[109] Un­known
XXXIX February 6, 2005 3,130,000[110] Un­known
XL February 5, 2006 4,281,000[111] 702,000[111]
XLI February 4, 2007 3,367,000[112] 816,000[113]
XLII February 3, 2008 CTV 4,234,000[114] 905,000[115]
XLIII February 1, 2009 3,600,000[116] Un­known
XLIV February 7, 2010 6,017,000[117] Un­known
XLV February 6, 2011 6,537,000[118] Un­known
XLVI February 5, 2012 7,280,000[119] 765,000[120]
XLVII February 3, 2013 6,447,000[121] Un­known
XLVIII February 2, 2014 7,318,000[122] Un­known
XLIX February 1, 2015 8,262,000[123] 894,000[124]
50 February 7, 2016 7,372,000[125] 939,000[126]
LI February 5, 2017 CTV
CTV 2
TSN 		5,602,000[127] 997,000[128]
LII February 4, 2018 4,470,000[129] 949,000[130]
LIII February 3, 2019 5,523,000[131] 981,000[132]
LIV February 4, 2020 CTV
TSN 		9,500,000[133] 1,669,000[134]
LV February 7, 2021 9,414,000[135] 1,121,000[136]
LVI February 13, 2022 8,485,000[137] 951,000[137]
LVII February 12, 2023 8,600,000[a][138]
LVIII February 11, 2024 10,000,000[a][139]
a French and English combined viewership on CTV, TSN, and RDS.

1967–2009

[edit]

According to in-house research conducted by the network, the 1977 game was watched by approximately 3.5 million Canadians on the CBC's English and French television stations.[90] In 1978, Nielsen conducted the first independent ratings survey and found that the 1978 game was watched by 4,495,000 million Canadians, including 550,000 on French television stations.[140][141] In 1979, a Bureau of Broadcast Measurement (BBM) survey found that 4,605,000 million Canadians watched that year's Super Bowl; a separate Nielsen survey measured 4.1 million viewers on English television stations only.[142][143] In 1980, Nielsen found that Super Bowl XV was watched by approximately 3.1 million viewers—a decline of over one million compared to the previous year—though it was the most watched broadcast of the week.[144] The 1981 game was watched by 3.5 million on English television stations according to BBM; a later survey by the organization measured an audience of 4,482,000 viewers across both languages.[145][146] In 1982, Nielsen found that Super Bowl XVI was watched by 3.2 million Canadians.[147] In 1985, the game was watched by 1,649,000 viewers on Global.[148] According to the company's 1986 survey of the game, 4,065,000 Canadians watched Super Bowl XX, including 427,000 in Montreal alone.[149]

In 1996, Super Bowl XXX was watched by 1.7 million viewers in Ontario according to Nielsen. The next year, viewership declined to 1,528,000 but returned to 1.7 million for the 1998 game, which drew approximately 3 million viewers nationwide.[105] In 1999, Super Bowl XXXIII was watched by 3,399,000 viewers—the largest electronically measured audience in the game's Canadian broadcast history.[59] This record would be broken the following year when the 2000 game was watched by 4 million, according to preliminary figures.[150] However, the 2001 game was watched by just over 3 million, including 1,548,000 in Ontario—both of which represented multi-year viewership lows.[150][107] The next year, viewership increased to an average of 3.6 million for the 2002 game, and increased again to 4.2 million for the 2003 game.[151][152] However, viewership would decline for the next two years; the 2004 game was watched by 3.56 million, and 3.13 million watched the game in 2005.[109][110]

In 2006, however, viewership increased. Super Bowl XL drew a record English-language audience of 4,281,000 and a French-language audience of 702,000.[111] The 2007 game drew an audience of 3,397,000 English viewers—down over 800,000 compared to the previous year—but the number of French viewers who watched the game increased by over 100,000 to 816,000.[113][153] The French audience increased again the next year to a preliminary 905,000—a record for broadcaster RDS—and the English audience increased to 4,234,000 and peaked at 5.83 million.[111][114] In 2009, viewership declined; the English broadcast was watched by 3,602,000, while the French broadcast was watched by 691,000.[154]

2010–19

[edit]

Mexico

[edit]

In Mexico, Super Bowl LIV averaged 3.7 million viewers in Mexico and a 7.3 rating, with 2.94 for TV Azteca, 2.66 for Televisa, 0.87 for Fox Sports, and 0.83 for ESPN. The event had a total reach of 12 million viewers.[155]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e The original figure of 91.63 million was later revised by Nielsen due to their undercount of out-of-home viewers.[40][41] However, the revised ratings are unknown.
  2. ^ Revised from 112.17 because of a Nielsen error

Glossary

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Baker, Liana B. (February 4, 2013). "Super Bowl viewer ratings down from a year ago". Reuters. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
  2. ^ Rushin, Steve (February 6, 2006). "A Billion People Can Be Wrong". Sports Illustrated. Time Inc. Archived from the original on December 10, 2007. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
  3. ^ McLaughlin, Elliot C. (February 5, 2010). "Super Bowl is king at home but struggles on world stage". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
  4. ^ VanDerWerff, Todd; Zarracina, Javier (February 5, 2017). "Every year, more people watch the Super Bowl. Why did it hit its ratings peak in 1982?". Vox. Vox Media. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
  5. ^ a b Sandomir, Richard (February 1, 2000). "Two Medium Markets Produce One Big Rating for Super Bowl". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2019. Super Bowl ratings have not tumbled like those of the rest of prime-time — or baseball — as cable and other choices have segmented viewing habits. They redefine sturdiness...
  6. ^ Wolff, Michael (June 23, 2015). Television Is the New Television: The Unexpected Triumph of Old Media in the Digital Age. Penguin Books. ISBN 9780698405523. Retrieved May 24, 2019. The Super Bowl remains the exception to general fracturing, with 2014's game drawing a 46.7 rating, not far off from the all-time high of 49.1/73 in 1982.
  7. ^ Pedersen, Paul Mark; Miloch, Kimberly S.; Laucella, Pamela C. (2007). Strategic Sport Communication. Human Kinetics. p. 293. ISBN 9780736065245. Retrieved May 24, 2019. Among events, the Super Bowl remains the top sporting event in the United States as far as consistent ratings and advertising revenue.
  8. ^ Dyreson, Mark; Mangan, J. A., eds. (September 13, 2013). Sport and American Society: Exceptionalism, Insularity, 'Imperialism'. Routledge. p. 177. ISBN 9781317997771. Retrieved May 24, 2019. Not only is the Super Bowl by far the highest rated sporting event [compared to the World Series and NBA Finals], but it is also the most consistent sporting event in terms of ratings.
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