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Tafilalt

Tafilalt
تافيلالت
Region
Panorama of the oasis of Tafilalet, seen from the ksar of Tingheras (Rissani).
Panorama of the oasis of Tafilalet, seen from the ksar of Tingheras (Rissani).
Tafilalt is located in Morocco
Tafilalt
Tafilalt
Location in Morocco
Coordinates: 31°20′22.43″N 4°16′5.48″W / 31.3395639°N 4.2681889°W / 31.3395639; -4.2681889
Country Morocco
RegionDrâa-Tafilalet
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
Designations
Official nameOasis du Tafilalet
Designated15 January 2005
Reference no.1483[1]
Isoprusia tafilaltana, a fossil trilobite found in (and named after) Tafilalt

Tafilalt or Tafilet (Arabic: تافيلالت), historically Sijilmasa, is a region of Morocco, centered on its largest oasis.[2]

Etymology

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There are many speculations regarding the origin of the word "Tafilalt", however it is known that Tafilalt is a Berber word meaning "jug", which is specifically a pottery jar used to store water.[3]

History

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Although previous settlements existed, especially during the Roman period, the first continuously inhabited town in the area after the spread of Islam was Sijilmasa, founded by the Midrarid dynasty.[4] It was on the direct caravan route from the Niger River to Tangier, and attained a considerable degree of prosperity.[5][6]

In the 17th century, the Alawi dynasty of Morocco first achieved political ascendancy in Tafilalt, and in 1606, Sultan Zidan Abu Maali hid in Tafilalt, where he made a profit off of gold mined in the area, built an army, eventually taking control of the city of Marrakesh. A few years later in 1610, Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli also built up an army in the Tafilalt area and took Marrakesh back for himself, but lost control after Sidi Yahya ben Younes liberated the city for Zidan. A decade after this, a revolutionary movement arose in Tafilalt against the ruling sultan, but was repressed after four months of skirmishes. Later, Tafilalt was a major center of the Dila'ites.[7] In 1648, a custom was established by Moorish sultans of Morocco sending superfluous sons or daughters who would not inherit titles or power to Tafilalt.[5]

Medieval traveler Ibn Battuta wrote about visiting Sijilmasa (near Tafilalt) in the fourteenth century on his journey from Fez to Mali, "the country of the blacks".[2] It was later destroyed in 1818 by the Aït Atta, but its ruins remain, including two gateways.[8] The first European to visit Tafilalt in the modern era was René Caillié (1828), and later Gerhard Rohlfs (1864).[9][5] English writer W. B. Harris described Tafilalt in a journal after his visit.[10]

Geography

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Entirely located along the Ziz River,[11] the oasis was, before mechanized transport, ten days' journey south of Fez and Meknes, across the Atlas Mountains.[2] It is known for its dates.[10]

Notable residents

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It was the birthplace of the famed Rabbi Israel Abuhatzeira, known as the "Baba Sali" (Arabic: بابا صلى‎, Hebrew: באבא סאלי, lit. "Praying Father"), (1889–1984).[12]

In literature

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Mercenaries of Hell (original title Pokol zsoldosai), a novel by the famous Hungarian author Jenő Rejtő takes place in the village and surrounding area.[13][circular reference]

References

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  1. ^ "Oasis du Tafilalet". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  2. ^ a b c Michael Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (2007). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 336. ISBN 978-1-57607-919-5.
  3. ^ Chafik, Mohammed (1990). المعجم العربي الأمازيغي. Morocco: أكاديمية المملكة المغربية. p. 217 – via scribd.
  4. ^ Everett Jenkins Jr. (1 October 1999). The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 1, 570-1500): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. McFarland. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-7864-4713-8.
  5. ^ a b c  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Tafilált". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 354.
  6. ^ Julius Honnor (2012). Morocco Footprint Handbook. Footprint Travel Guides. p. 195. ISBN 978-1-907263-31-6.
  7. ^ Aomar Boum; Thomas K. Park (2 June 2016). Historical Dictionary of Morocco. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 453. ISBN 978-1-4422-6297-3.
  8. ^ Lonely Planet; Paul Clammer; James Bainbridge (1 July 2014). Lonely Planet Morocco. Lonely Planet Publications. p. 329. ISBN 978-1-74360-025-2.
  9. ^ Samuel Pickens; Michel Renaudeau; Xavier Richer (1993). Le Sud marocain. www.acr-edition.com. p. 152. ISBN 978-2-86770-056-9.
  10. ^ a b Ronald A. Messier (19 August 2010). The Almoravids and the Meanings of Jihad. ABC-CLIO. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-313-38590-2.
  11. ^ Ronald A. Messier; James A. Miller (15 June 2015). The Last Civilized Place: Sijilmasa and Its Saharan Destiny. University of Texas Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-292-76667-9.
  12. ^ Marek Čejka; Roman Kořan (16 October 2015). Rabbis of our Time: Authorities of Judaism in the Religious and Political Ferment of Modern Times. Taylor & Francis. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-317-60543-0.
  13. ^ "A pokol zsoldosai". Wikipédia (in Hungarian). 23 September 2018.

Further reading

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Media related to Tafilalt at Wikimedia Commons