The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lviv, Ukraine.
Prior to 18th century
[edit]Historical affiliations
Golden Horde c. 1256–1340
∟Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia c. 1256–1340
Kingdom of Poland 1340–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1772
Austrian Empire 1772–1867
Austro-Hungarian Empire 1867–1918
West Ukrainian People's Republic 1918
Republic of Poland 1918–1939
Soviet Union 1939–1941 (occupation)
∟Ukrainian SSR 1939–1941
Nazi Germany 1941–1944 (occupation)
Soviet Union 1944–1991
∟Ukrainian SSR 1944–1991
| History of Ukraine |
|---|
 |
- 1256 - Lviv mentioned in the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle.[1]
- 1272 - Leo I of Galicia relocates Galicia-Volhynia capital to Lviv from Halych (approximate date).[2]
- 1340 - Town taken by forces of Casimir III of Poland.[2][3]
- 1356 - City granted Magdeburg rights.[1]
- 1362 - High Castle rebuilt.
- 1363 - Armenian church built.[3]
- 1365 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Lwów established.[4]
- 1370 - Latin Cathedral construction begins (approximate date).
- 1387 - 27 September: Petru II of Moldavia paid homage to Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło and Queen Jadwiga of Poland making Moldavia a vassal principality of the Kingdom of Poland.[5]
- 1412 - Catholic see established.[6][3]
- 1434 - City becomes capital of the Polish Ruthenian Voivodeship.[1][3]
- 1480 - Latin Cathedral construction completed.[3]
- 1527 - Lviv fire of 1527.[2]
- 1550 - Church of St. Onuphrius built.
- 1556 - Arsenal built.
- 1580 - Korniakt Palace built on Market Square.
- 1582 - Karaite synagogue built.[7]
- 1586 - Ukrainian Lviv Dormition Brotherhood established.[1]
- 1589 - Bandinelli Palace built on Market Square.
- 1593 - Printing press in operation.[8]
- 1596 - Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church founded.[3]
- 1609 - Golden Rose Synagogue opens.[7]
- 1618 - Hlyniany Gate built.
- 1626 - City becomes seat of Armenian bishopric.[9]
- 1629 - Dormition Church built.
- 1630 - Bernardine Church and Monastery and Church of St. Mary Magdalene consecrated.
- 1648 - City besieged by Cossacks.[10][3]
- 1655 - City besieged by Cossacks again.[3]
- 1656 - Lwów Oath.
- 1661 - Jesuit Lviv University founded.
- 1672 - Siege of Lviv by Turks.[10][3]
- 1675 - Battle of Lwów (1675).
18th–19th centuries
[edit]- 1704 - City besieged by forces of Charles XII of Sweden.[11][3]
- 1762 - Greek Catholic St. George's Cathedral built.
- 1771 - 4th Infantry Regiment of the Polish Crown Army stationed in Lwów.[12]
- 1772 - City annexed by Austria in the First Partition of Poland and made the capital of the newly formed Austrian Galicia[6] under the Germanized name Lemberg.
- 1776 - Population: 29,500.[2]
- 1784
- Secular University established.[11]
- Brygidki prison in use.
- 1787 - Lychakiv Cemetery established.
- 1788 - Stauropegion Institute founded.
- 1809
- May: 19th Polish Uhlan Regiment formed in Lwów.[13]
- 27 May-19 June: City taken by forces of Józef Poniatowski.[11][14]
- 1810 - Gazeta Lwowska (1810-1939) newspaper begins publication.
- 1817 - Polish Ossolineum founded.[15]
- 1825 - German designated as official administrative language.[2]
- 1829 - Viennese Cafe in business.[16]
- 1835 - Town Hall[11] and Ivan Franko Park gazebo built.[3]
- 1842 - Skarbek Theatre opens.
- 1844 - Technical Academy established.
- 1846 - Tempel Synagogue built.[17]
- 1848
- 2 November: City "bombarded by the Austrians."[10]
- Galician Dawn newspaper begins publication.
- 1850 - Chamber of Commerce founded.[18]
- 1853
- Ignacy Łukasiewicz invents kerosene lamp.
- Street lighting installed.[citation needed]
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- 1863 - House of Invalids built.[17]
- 1867
- 7 February: Polish Gymnastic Society "Sokół" founded.
- Pravda newspaper begins publication.[1]
- 1868 - Prosvita society founded.[19]
- 1870
- 1873 - Shevchenko Scientific Society founded.[19]
- 1877 - Industrial exhibition held.[2]
- 1878 - Government House built.
- 1880 - Dilo newspaper begins publication.[19]
- 1881
- Ridna Shkola Society founded.[1]
- Galician Regional Diet building constructed.[17]
- 1883 - Kurier Lwowski newspaper begins publication.
- 1890 - Population: 128,419.[20]
- 1892 - Lychakivskyi Park laid out.[21]
- 1893 - Grand Hotel built on Svobody Prospect.[21]
- 1894 - Galician Regional Exhibition held.[22]
- 1898
- John III Sobieski Monument erected in Svobody Prospect.[22]
- Literaturno-naukovyi vistnyk literary-scientific journal begins publication.[1]
- 1900
- Grand Theatre built.
- Population: 159,618.[3]
20th century
[edit]1900–1939
[edit]- 1901 - Hotel George opens.[23]
- 1903
- Lechia Lwów founded as the oldest Polish football club.
- Czarni Lwów founded as the second oldest Polish football club.
- 1904
- Railway station opens.
- Pogoń Lwów founded as the third oldest Polish football club.
- 1905 - Lwow Ecclesiastical Museum established.
- 1907 - Galician Music Society building constructed.[17]
- 1908
- 12 April: Politician Andrzej Kazimierz Potocki assassinated.[24]
- Polish History Museum, Lwów established.
- 1909 - Industry and Crafts College built.[17]
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- 1911 - Church of Sts. Olha and Elizabeth built.
- 1913 - Magnus department store built on Hospital Street, Lviv.[17]
- 1914
- 1915
- 1918
- 1 November: City becomes capital of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic;[1] Battle of Lemberg (1918) begins.
- 21–23 November: Lwów pogrom (1918).
- November: Poles in power.
- 1920 - July–September: Battle of Lwów (1920).
- 1923 - City confirmed as part of Poland per Conference of Ambassadors.[1]
- 1924 - Polish Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów established.[citation needed]
- 1925 - Beis Aharon V'Yisrael Synagogue built.
- 1929 - Members of the Lwów School of Mathematics, Stefan Banach and Hugo Steinhaus, establish Studia Mathematica journal.
- 1930 - Area of city: 66 square kilometers.[2]
- 1936
- April 14 - demonstration of unemployed people shot by Polish police. Killed 1 worker V. Kozak.
- April 16 - funeral of the killed worker Kozak, police fights against workers. 46 people killed.
- 1937 - Academy of Foreign Trade in Lwów established.
World War II (1939–1945)
[edit]
- 1939
- 12 September: German forces attack the city. Battle of Lwów (1939) begins.[25][6]
- 18 September: Soviet forces join the German siege of the city.[25]
- 22 September: End of the Battle of Lwów.[6] Soviet occupation begins.
- September: Polish resistance movement established in the city.[26]
- The Soviets carried out deportations of captured Polish POWs to the USSR, mostly to Starobilsk.[25]
- October: Czerwony Sztandar Polish-language communist newspaper begins publication.
- November: City annexed into Soviet Ukraine, and made capital of the newly formed Lviv Oblast.[2]
- 1940
- General Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski, leader of the Polish resistance, arrested by the NKVD.[27]
- April–May: Many Polish defenders of the city murdered in the Katyn massacre by the Soviets.[25]
- 19–20 November: The Soviets sentenced 14 leaders of the local branch of the Union of Armed Struggle Polish resistance organization to death.[26]
- Union of Soviet Architects branch and Ukrainian State Institute of Urban Planning branch organized.[28]
- 1941
- 24 February: 13 leaders of the Union of Armed Struggle executed by the Soviets following their sentencing in November 1940.[26]
- 22–30 June: Battle of Lwów (1941).
- 30 June: German occupation begins.[6]
- June–July: Lviv pogroms (1941).
- July: Massacre of Lwów professors.
- 26 July: Execution of pre-war Prime Minister of Poland Kazimierz Bartel by the Germans.
- 1 August: City made capital of the newly formed District of Galicia within the General Government of occupied Poland.
- 3 August: Stalag 328 prisoner-of-war camp established by the Germans.[29]
- September: Janowska concentration camp begins operating.
- 8 November: Lwów Ghetto is established.
- 1942 - Local branch of the Żegota underground Polish resistance organization established to rescue Jews from the Holocaust.[30]
- 1943
- 1944
- 1 February: Stalag 328 POW camp converted into the Oflag 76 POW camp for officers.[31]
- 9 May: Oflag 76 POW camp dissolved.[31]
- 23–27 July: Polish Lwów Uprising against German occupation.
- 27 July: German occupation ends; city re-occupied by the Soviet Union.[6]
- December: Expulsion of Poles from Lviv begins.[32]
- Central State Historical Archive of the Ukrainian SSR in Lviv established.[33]
- 1945 - City annexed from Poland by the Soviet Union, and renamed to Lviv.
1945–2000
[edit]- 1945 – Lviv Bus Factory built.
- 1952
- Lenin statue erected.[21][28]
- Hill of Glory monument[32] and Bohdan Khmelnytsky Culture and Recreation Park built.[28]
- 1957 - Ukrzakhidproektrestavratsia Institute established.[34]
- 1958 - Polish People's Theatre established.[32]
- 1963
- Football Club Karpaty Lviv formed.
- Ukraina Stadium opens.
- 1965 - Population: 496,000.[35]
- 1966 - Pharmacy Museum opens.
- 1970
- 1979 - Population: 665,065.[37]
- 1985 - Population: 742,000.[38]
- 1987
- 1989
- Dead Rooster musical group formed.
- Population: 786,903.[37]
- 1990
- Vyvykh festival festival begins.
- Vasyl Shpitser becomes mayor.
- Gazeta Lwowska Polish-language magazine begins publication.
- Russian Cultural Centre opens.
- Area of city: 90 square kilometers.[2]
- 1991
- City becomes part of independent Ukraine.[2]
- Chervona Ruta (festival) of music held.
- Lviv Physics and Mathematics Lyceum founded.
- 1992
- September: Chrysler Imperial rock opera performed.[40]
- Ekspres newspaper begins publication.
- Austrian Library opens.[34]
- Radio Lwów begins broadcasting.
- 1993 - Znesinnia Regional Landscape Park established.
- 1994 - Vasyl Kuybida becomes mayor.
- 1996 - Lviv Suburban railway station built.
- 1998 - Old Town (Lviv) designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
21st century
[edit]- 2001 - Population: 725,202.[37]
- 2002
- 27 July: Air show disaster occurs near city.
- Ukrainian Catholic University established.[34]
- 2004 - Center for Urban History of East Central Europe founded.[1]
- 2006 - Andriy Sadovyi becomes mayor.
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- 2008 - Etnovyr folklore festival and Wiz-Art film festival begin.
- 2009 - Pogoń Lwów football club re-established.
- 2011 - Arena Lviv opens.
- 2012 - June: Some UEFA Euro 2012 football games played in Lviv.
- 2014
- January: 2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupation.[41]
- February: 2014 Ukrainian revolution.
- 2018 - Population: 720,105 (estimate).[42]
- 2022 - Russian missile attack on the city.
See also
[edit]- History of Lviv
- Other names of Lviv (Lemberg, Lwów, etc.)
- List of mayors of Lviv
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i Ivan Katchanovski; et al. (2013). "Lviv". Historical Dictionary of Ukraine (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7847-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Hrytsak 2000.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Britannica 1910.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Ukraine". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- ^ "Kalendarz dat: 1387". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Lvov", Webster's Geographical Dictionary, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 643, OL 5812502M
- ^ a b "L'viv". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014.
- ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. H. Grevel & Co.
- ^ a b c George Lerski (1996). "Lvov". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-03456-5.
- ^ a b c d Ripley 1879.
- ^ a b c d Townsend 1877.
- ^ Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 27.
- ^ Gembarzewski, p. 62
- ^ Die Stadt Lemberg im Jahre 1809 [Lemberg in 1809] (in German). Lviv: Schnellpresse des Stauropigian-Instituts. 1862.
- ^ Paul Robert Magocsi (2002). Historical Atlas of Central Europe. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-8486-6.
- ^ Larry Wolff (2012). The Idea of Galicia: History and Fantasy in Habsburg Political Culture. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-7429-1.
- ^ a b c d e f Purchla 2000.
- ^ "Ukraine: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. p. 4319+. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- ^ a b c Ivan Katchanovski; et al. (2013). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Ukraine (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7847-1.
- ^ Chambers 1901.
- ^ a b c "Lviv Interactive". Lviv: Center for Urban History of East Central Europe. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- ^ a b Prokopovych 2009.
- ^ "Lviv's, and a Family's, Stories in Architecture", New York Times, 17 October 2013
- ^ Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Austrian Galicia", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776 – via Hathi Trust
- ^ a b c d Agresja sowiecka na Polskę i okupacja wschodnich terenów Rzeczypospolitej 1939–1941 (in Polish). Białystok-Warszawa: IPN. 2019. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-83-8098-706-7.
- ^ a b c Agresja sowiecka na Polskę i okupacja wschodnich terenów Rzeczypospolitej 1939–1941, p. 15
- ^ Agresja sowiecka na Polskę i okupacja wschodnich terenów Rzeczypospolitej 1939–1941, p. 38
- ^ a b c Tscherkes 2000.
- ^ a b c Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 324. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^ Datner, Szymon (1968). Las sprawiedliwych (in Polish). Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza. p. 69.
- ^ a b Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^ a b c Risch 2011.
- ^ Patricia Kennedy Grimsted (1988). "Repositories in Lviv". Ukraine and Moldavia. Princeton University Press. p. 425. ISBN 978-1-4008-5982-5.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ a b c "Links". Lviv: Center for Urban History of East Central Europe. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
Lvov
- ^ a b Bohdan Yasinsky (ed.). "Place of Publication Index: Lviv". Independent Press in Ukraine, 1988-1992. USA: Library of Congress. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- ^ a b c d Lozinski 2005.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Kenney 2000.
- ^ Alexandra Hrycak (1997). "The Coming of "Chrysler Imperial": Ukrainian Youth and Rituals of Resistance". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 21 (1/2): 63–91. JSTOR 41036642.
- ^ "A Ukraine City Spins Beyond the Government's Reach", New York Times, 15 February 2014
- ^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2020, United Nations
- This article incorporates information from the Ukrainian Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, and Russian Wikipedia.
Bibliography
[edit]- Published in the 19th century
- Abraham Rees (1819), "Lemberg", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/mdp.39015068382327
- John Ramsay McCulloch (1851). "Lemberg". A Dictionary, Geographical, Statistical, and Historical. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans.
- Charles Knight, ed. (1867). "Lemberg". Geography. Vol. 2. London. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064802.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - David Kay (1880), "Principal Towns: Lemberg", Austria-Hungary, Foreign Countries and British Colonies, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030647005
- George Henry Townsend (1877), "Lemberg", Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., hdl:2027/wu.89097349427
- George Ripley; Charles A. Dana, eds. (1879). "Lemberg". American Cyclopedia (2nd ed.). New York: D. Appleton and Company. hdl:2027/hvd.hn585q.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 14 (9th ed.). 1882. p. 435.
- Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Austria: Lemberg", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
- Published in the 20th century
- "Lemberg", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7zk5ms79
- "Lemberg". Handbook for Travellers in South Germany and Austria (15th ed.). London: J. Murray. 1903.
- A.S. Waldstein (1907), "Lemberg", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 7, New York, hdl:2027/osu.32435029752888
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 409–410.
- S. Vailhe (1910). "Lemberg". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Lemberg". Austria-Hungary (11th ed.). Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1911.
- Bohdan Janusz (1922). Przewodnik po Lwowie [Guide to Lwow] (in Polish). Lviv: Wszechświat.
- Rosa Bailly (1956), A City Fights for Freedom: The Rising of Lwów in 1918-1919, London: Publishing Committee Leopolis
- George G. Grabowicz (2000). "Mythologizing Lviv/Lwów: Echoes of Presence and Absence". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 24: 313–342. JSTOR 41036821.
- Yaroslav Hrytsak (2000). "Lviv: A Multicultural History through the Centuries". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 24: 47–73. JSTOR 41036810.
- Padraic Kenney (2000). "Lviv's Central European Renaissance, 1987–1990". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 24: 303–312. JSTOR 41036820.
- Jacek Purchla (2000). "Patterns of Influence: Lviv and Vienna in the Mirror of Architecture". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 24: 131–147. JSTOR 41036813.
- Bohdan Tscherkes; Nicholas Sawicki (2000). "Stalinist Visions for the Urban Transformation of Lviv, 1939–1955". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 24: 205–222. JSTOR 41036816.
- Published in 21st century
- Роман Лозинський (Roman Lozinski) (2005), Етнічний склад населення Львова (у контексті суспільного розвитку Галичини) [Ethnic composition of the city (in the context of social development Galicia)] (PDF) (in Ukrainian), Lviv: Ivan Franko National University of L'viv)
- Heidi Hein (2006). Christian Emden; et al. (eds.). Idea of Lviv as a Bulwark against the East. Peter Lang. p. 321. ISBN 978-3-03910-533-5.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - Markian Prokopovych (2009). Habsburg Lemberg: Architecture, Public Space, and Politics in the Galician Capital, 1772-1914. Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-1-55753-510-8.
- William Jay Risch (2011). Ukrainian West: Culture and the Fate of Empire in Soviet Lviv. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-05001-3.
- Tarik Cyril Amar (2015). The Paradox of Ukrainian Lviv. A Borderland City between Nazis, Stalinists, and Nationalists. Cornell University. ISBN 978-0-8014-5391-5.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lviv.
- Europeana. Items related to Lviv, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Lviv, various dates
