| Simalungun | |
|---|---|
| Sahap Simalungun | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Sumatra (northern) |
| Ethnicity | Simalungun |
Native speakers | 1.2 million (2000)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Latin, Batak | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bts |
| Glottolog | bata1288 |
Simalungun, or Batak Simalungun, is an Austronesian language of Sumatra. It is spoken mainly in Simalungun Regency and Pematang Siantar, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Phonology
[edit]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | dʒ | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Rhotic | r | |||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
/b, d/ can also have implosive allophones [ɓ, ɗ].
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
Sounds /i, u, ɛ, ɔ, a/ can have allophones [ɪ, ʊ, e, o, ɑ].[2]
References
[edit]- ^ Simalungun at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Bahren Umar, Siregar & Perlindungan; Husni, Chairul (2001). Fonologi Bahasa Simalungun. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa.
External links
[edit]- Indonesian-Simalungun Dictionary
- David Goldsworthy's collection of Music of Indonesia and Malaysia archived with Paradisec includes open access recordings in Batak Simalungun.
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