| Lun Bawang | |
|---|---|
| Lundayeh, Southern Murut | |
| Buri' Tau, Buri' Lun Bawang | |
 Collection of words in English and translation in Ida'an, Bisaya and Adang Murut (Lun Bawang) in 1860 by Spenser St. John | |
| Native to | Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia |
| Region | Sarawak, Sabah, Temburong, North Kalimantan |
Native speakers | (48,000 (2007 in Indonesia; no date Malaysia) plus 6,000 Putoh cited 1981)[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | lnd – inclusive codeIndividual code: put – Putoh |
| Glottolog | lund1271 |
 Geographical distribution of Lun Bawang/Lundayeh speakers | |
Lun Bawang or Lundayeh is the language spoken by the Lun Bawangs. It belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian family.
Putoh is an alternate name in East Kalimantan.[2]
History
[edit]Lun Bawang is mainly an oral language. There is very little printed written material in this language that was not written by missionaries or linguists. The first published material written fully in Lun Bawang is a translation of the Bible from 1982, which is called Bala Luk Do.[3] A Lun Bawang–English dictionary was constructed in 1969 by the University of Washington.[4] A dialect of the Lun Bawang language, Kemaloh Lundayeh, was compiled in 2006 into a bilingual dictionary of Lundayeh and English.[5]
Phonology
[edit]There are 6 vowels, 19 consonants and 5 diphthongs in the Lun Bawang language.[6]
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- Alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | |||||||||||||||
| Plosive | p /p/ | b /b/ | bp /b͡p/ | t /t̪/ | d /d/ | k /k/ | g /ɡ/ | gk /ɡ͡k/ | /ʔ/ | |||||||||
| Affricate | c /d͡tʃ/[7] | |||||||||||||||||
| Fricative | s /s/ | h /h/ | ||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | l /l/ | r /r/ | y /j/ | w /w/ | ||||||||||||||
According to Blust (2006), Lun Dayeh has a series of mixed-voiced stops, [b͡p, d͡tʃ, ɡ͡k], similar to those of Kelabit, but does not have a simple [tʃ].
| Height | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ | u /u/ | |
| Mid | e /e, ɛ/ | e /ə/ | o /o, ɔ/ |
| Open | a /a/ |
| Orthography | IPA |
|---|---|
| ai | /ai̯/ |
| au | /au̯/ |
| ia | /i̯a/ |
| ou | /ou̯/ |
| ui, oi | /ɔʏ̯/ |
Example
[edit]Lord's Prayer (Our Father)
[edit]O Taman kai luk bang surga, dó ngadan-Mu uen ngerayeh. Idi imet-Mu uen ngaching, idi luk pian-Mu mangun bang taná kudeng bang surga. Maré nekai acho sini akan luk petap. Idi maré dó ratnan amung-amung baleh kai mepad kudeng kai pangeh nemaré ddó ratnan amung-amung baleh dulun. Idi aleg nguit nekai amé bang luk nutun, iamdó muit nekai ratnan luk dat. Amen. Ngacheku Iko luk kuan imet idi lalud idi rayeh maching ruked-ruked peh. Amen.[8]
- Translation:
Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our sins, as we forgive those who sin against us. Do not lead us into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen. For the kingdom, the power, and the glory, are Yours now and forever. Amen. (Matthew 6:9–13)
References
[edit]- ^ Lun Bawang at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Putoh at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ Lobel, Jason William (2013). "Southwest Sabah Revisited" (PDF). Oceanic Linguistics. 52 (1): 36–68. doi:10.1353/ol.2013.0013. JSTOR 43286760. S2CID 142990330. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-26.
- ^ Martin, Peter (2008). "Educational Discourses and Literacy in Brunei Darussalam" (PDF). The International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. 11 (2): 207. doi:10.2167/beb494.0. S2CID 144405091. Retrieved 2010-09-25.[dead link]
- ^ Deegan, James L. (1971). "Report on Anthropological Field Work Among the Lun Bawang (Murut) People of Sarawak" (PDF). Borneo Research Bulletin. 3 (1): 14. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
- ^ Ganang, Ricky; Crain, Jay; Pearson-Rounds, Vicki (2006), Kemaloh Lundayeh – English Dictionary (PDF) (Draft), Sacramento, USA: CSU Sacramento, archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-29, retrieved 2010-09-25
- ^ "Distribusi Fonem Bahasa Lun Bawang: Satu Kajian Preliminari". brunet.bn (in Malay). Archived from the original on 2007-06-27.
- ^ Blust, Robert (2006). "The Origin of the Kelabit Voiced Aspirates: A Historical Hypothesis Revisited". Oceanic Linguistics. 45 (2): 311–338. doi:10.1353/ol.2007.0001. JSTOR 4499967. S2CID 145261116.
- ^ The Bible Society of Malaysia, ed. (2018). "BSM Lun Bawang – Lun Dayah". The Bible Society of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 2018-06-14. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
Bibliography
[edit]- Blust, Robert (2016). "Kelabit-Lun Dayeh Phonology, with Special Reference to the Voiced Aspirates". Oceanic Linguistics. 55 (1): 246–277. doi:10.1353/ol.2016.0010. S2CID 148388653.
- Clayre, Beatrice (1972). "A preliminary comparative study of the Lun Bawang (Murut) and Sa’ban languages of Sarawak". Sarawak Museum Journal 20: 40-41, 45-47.
- Clayre, Beatrice (2014). "A preliminary typology of the languages of Middle Borneo." In Advances in research on cultural and linguistic practices in Borneo, edited by Peter Sercombe, Michael Boutin and Adrian Clynes, 123–151. Phillips, Maine USA: Borneo Research Council.
- Coluzzi, Paolo (2010). "Endangered Languages in Borneo: A Survey Among the Iban and Murut (lun Bawang) in Temburong, Brunei". Oceanic Linguistics. 49 (1): 119–143. doi:10.1353/ol.0.0063. S2CID 144349072.
- Crain, JB (1982). "A Lun Dayeh Engagement Negotiation in Studies of Ethnic Minority Peoples." Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography Singapour (1):142-178.
- Deegan, James (1970). "Some Lun Bawang Spirit Chants." The Sarawak Museum Journal 18 (36–37):264–280.
- Deegan, James, and Robin Usad (1972). "Upai Kasan: A Lun Bawang Folktale". Sarawak Museum Journal 20:107–144.
- Ganang, Ricky, Jay Bouton Crain, and Vicki Pearson-Rounds (2008). Kemaloh Lundayeh-English Dictionary: And, Bibliographic List of Materials Relating to the Lundayeh-Lun Bawang-Kelabit and Related Groups of Sarawak, Sabah, Brunei and East Kalimantan. Vol. 1: Borneo Research Council.
- Garman, M. A., Griffiths, P. D., & Wales, R. J. (1970). Murut (Lun Buwang) prepositions and noun particles in children's speech. Sarawak Museum Journal, 18, 353–376.
- Lees, Shirley. 1959. "Lun Daye Phonemics". Sarawak Museum Journal 9/13-14: 56–62
- Martin, Peter W. (1995). "Whiter the Indigenous Languages of Brunei Darussalam?". Oceanic Linguistics. 34 (1): 27–43. doi:10.2307/3623110. JSTOR 3623110.
- Omar, A. H. (1983). The Malay peoples of Malaysia and their languages. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.
- Southwell, C. Hudson (1949). ‘The Structure of the Murut Language’. Sarawak Museum Journal 5: 104–115.