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Gardner River

Gardner River
Gardner River near its confluence with the Yellowstone River
Gardner River is located in Montana
Gardner River
Location of the mouth within Montana
Gardner River is located in the United States
Gardner River
Gardner River (the United States)
Location
CountryUnited States
StatesWyoming, Montana
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationJoseph Peak, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
 • coordinates44°57′15″N 110°52′03″W / 44.95417°N 110.86750°W / 44.95417; -110.86750[1]
MouthYellowstone River
 • location
Gardiner, Montana
 • coordinates
45°01′47″N 110°42′01″W / 45.02972°N 110.70028°W / 45.02972; -110.70028[1]
Length25 mi (40 km)
Basin size202 sq mi (520 km2)[2]
Discharge 
 • locationnear Mammoth
 • average213 cu ft/s (6.0 m3/s)[3]
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • leftLava Creek, Obsidian Creek
 • rightGlen Creek, Indian Creek (Wyoming)

The Gardner River (also known as the Gardiner River) is a tributary of the Yellowstone River, approximately 25 miles (40 km) long,[1] in northwestern Wyoming and south central Montana in the United States. The entire river is located within Yellowstone National Park. It rises on the slope of Joseph Peak, Gallatin Range in the northwestern part of the park, and winds southeast through Gardner's Hole, a broad subalpine basin which is a popular trout fishing location. The Gardner falls within the Native Trout Conservation Area and anglers are allowed to take an unlimited number of brown and rainbow trout. Mountain whitefish and Yellowstone cutthroat trout must be released. Angling on the Gardner is governed by Yellowstone National Park fishing regulations.[4] After merging with Panther Creek, Indian Creek and Obsidian Creek, it then turns north and flows through a steep canyon where it cuts through a basaltic flow from approximately 500,000 years ago known as Sheepeater Cliffs. Below Sheepeater, Glen Creek out of Golden Gate Canyon and Lava Creek out of Lava Creek Canyon join the Gardner near Mammoth Hot Springs. The river crosses the 45th parallel in Gardner Canyon and is also home to a popular hot spring known as The Boiling River.[5] The river continues north through Gardner Canyon and empties into the Yellowstone near Gardiner, Montana.

History

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The river and the town of Gardiner were named for Johnson Gardner who was a free trapper in the early 19th century. In the 1830s, he worked northwestern Yellowstone and sold his furs to the American Fur Company.[6] On September 13, 1869, the Cook–Folsom–Peterson Expedition entered the park region and crossed the river at its mouth on their way up the Yellowstone. On August 26, 1870, the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition entered what was to become the northern boundary of Yellowstone National Park at Gardiner and camped near the confluence before they crossed the river and proceeded south up the Yellowstone river.[7] Both these expeditions did not explore the Gardner and thus did not encounter the geothermal features of Mammoth Hot Springs. The 1871 Geological Survey of the park region by F. V. Hayden did explore the Gardner and describe Mammoth Hot Springs, but the Mammoth area itself was named by an illegal concessionaire, Harry R. Hohr, who tried to claim land in early 1871 in the newly explored park region.[8]

The lower few miles of the river is paralleled by the North Entrance Road Historic District.

The river was affected by the 2022 Montana floods.[9]

Images of the Gardner River
  • Gardner River Crossing, 1901
    Gardner River Crossing, 1901
  • Lower Gardner River road, 1912
    Lower Gardner River road, 1912
  • Eagle Nest Rock, an Osprey nesting site in Gardner River Canyon, 1921
    Eagle Nest Rock, an Osprey nesting site in Gardner River Canyon, 1921
  • Lower Gardner River, 1923
    Lower Gardner River, 1923
  • Confluence of Yellowstone and Gardner rivers
    Confluence of Yellowstone and Gardner rivers
  • Boiling River section of the Gardner
    Boiling River section of the Gardner
  • Grand Loop bridge over Gardner River
    Grand Loop bridge over Gardner River
  • Winter 2009
    Winter 2009
  • Winter 2009 near Boiling River
    Winter 2009 near Boiling River

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Gardner River, USGS GNIS
  2. ^ "USGS 06191000 Gardner River near Mammoth YNP". Retrieved 2012-06-20.
  3. ^ "USGS Surface Water data for Montana: USGS Surface-Water Annual Statistics".
  4. ^ 2020 Yellowstone National Park Fishing Regulations
  5. ^ "Mammoth Hot Springs Highlights". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2012-06-18. Retrieved 2012-06-21.
  6. ^ "Historic Yellowstone". wyomingtalesandtrails.com. Archived from the original on 2008-07-23.
  7. ^ Chittenden, Hiram Martin (1918). The Yellowstone Park-Historical and Descriptive. Cincinnati, OH: Stewart and Kidd Company Publishers. p. 64.
  8. ^ Haines, Aubrey L. (1996). Yellowstone Place Names-Mirrors of History. Niwot, Colorado: University of Colorado Press. ISBN 0-87081-383-8.
  9. ^ Sanchez, Elizabeth Wolfe,Claudia Dominguez,Ray (2022-06-14). "Dozens evacuated as unprecedented flooding forces Yellowstone National Park to close all entrances". CNN. Retrieved 2022-06-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)