Ismihan Sultan

Ismihan Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: اسمیخان سلطان, "Purity of the Khan" or "Highness of the Khan"; also Esmehan Sultan; Manisa, 1545 – Costantinople, 8 August 1585) was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Selim II (reign 1566–74) and his favorite concubine, Haseki Sultan and legal wife Nurbanu Sultan. She was the granddaughter of Suleiman the Magnificent (reign 1520–66) and his favourite consort and legal wife Hürrem Sultan, sister of Sultan Murad III (reign 1574–95) and aunt of Sultan Mehmed III (reign 1595–1603).

Ismihan Sultan was born in Manisa in 1545.^[2][3] She was the daughter Şehzade Selim (future Selim II), son of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and Hurrem Sultan^[2][3] and his favorite concubine, and later Haseki and legal wife, Nurbanu Sultan.^[4][5][6][7] She spent her early life in Manisa and Konya, where her father served as a sanjak-bey. Ismihan was described as not being particularly beautiful.^[3]

In 1562, strong alliances were made for the daughters of Şehzade Selim, the prince who would succeed Suleiman as Selim II. On 17 August 1562, Ismihan married Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, while her sisters Gevherhan married the admiral Piyale Pasha, and Şah the chief falconer Hasan Agha.^[8] It was widely reported that her father was particularly happy to give Ismihan's hand to Sokollu as a reward for the vizier's help in his succession struggle with his brother Şehzade Bayezid.^[9] The State Treasury covered the expenses for the imperial wedding and granted 15,000 florins as a wedding gift to the imperial son-in-law.^[10] The couple owned two palaces, one located in Kadırga,^[11] and the other one located in Üsküdar.^[12] The two together had three sons and a daughter.^[5]

The Ragusans remarked on the marriage of Ismihan and Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, according to which he was awed by the sultana no less than others were by him. She frequently referred to him as “Vlach, in other words, a most vile rustic” (Murlacco, che vuol dire contadino vilissimo).^[13]

After the death of her first husband, the grand vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha in 1579, the princess's first choice for a new husband was Ösdemiroğlu Osman Pasha. However, he was not interested. Her next choice was Kalaylıkoz Ali Pasha, the governor of Buda, who agreed to the marriage, but when the imperial order came demanding his divorce, his wife's sorrow and suffering were said to have caused the city to revolt.^[14] However, the two married in 1584^[5] and had a son, Sultanzade Mahmud Bey born in 1585.^[15]

In 1575, just after her brother Sultan Murad ascended to the throne, her daily stipend consisted of 300 aspers.^[16] In the early 1580s,^[17] Ismihan collaborated with her mother Nurbanu to further isolate Safiye Sultan politically.^[18] After which Murad accepted as a gift from her, two beautiful slave women,^[19] each skilled at dance and musical performance.^[20] The French refused to return two Turkish women who had been captured at sea by Henry III's brother-in-law and made members of Catherine de' Medici's court. Interceding on behalf of the Turkish women were Ismihan and her aunt, Mihrimah Sultan.^[21]

Ismihan Sultan died of complications in childbirth on 8 August 1585, three days after giving birth prematurely to her son, and was buried in the mausoleum of her father located in Hagia Sophia. ^[5][22] Her newborn son, Mahmud, would outlive her by no more than fifty days.^[5]

Only two of Ismihan's five children survived after infancy.

From her first marriage, Ismihan had a daughter and three sons:^[5]

• Safiye Hanımsultan (1563 - ?). Ismihan Sultan's eldest child. She was firstly married to her father's cousin Sokollu Mustafa Pasha, governor of Buda. After his execution in 1578, she married the new governor of Buda, Silahdar Cafer Pasha. After his death in 1587, she gave birth to their twin sons, Mehmed Bey and Cafer Bey, who died as children. She married thirdly to Sultanzade Abdülbaki Bey, son of her mother's cousin Hümaşah Sultan.
• Sultanzade Ahmed Bey (1564 - 1567). Died in infancy, probably of smallpox.
• Sultanzade Sokolluzâde Ibrahim Han Pasha (1565 - 1621). In 1924, one of his descendants, Sokolluzade Abdülbâki Ihsân Bey, married another Ottoman princess, Rukiye Sultan, granddaughter of Sultan Mehmed V.
• Sultanzade Piri Mehmed Bey (1566 - 1567). Died in early infancy, probably of smallpox.

From her second marriage, Ismihan had a son:^[5]

• Sultanzade Mahmud Bey (5 August 1585 - 24 September 1585). Ismihan died giving birth to him. He died 50 days after his mother.

Ismihan commissioned a mosque located near the Hippodrome, bearing Sokollu Mehmed Pasha's name. Her husband was responsible for the religious college and dervish hostel associated with it.^[14] She also commissioned another mosque in her name in Mangalia, Romania.^[23] She also endowed a library in her own madrasa in Eyüp.^[24] Peasants on royal endowment land were accorded privileged treatment. The inhabitants of the Bulgarian village of Bobosevo, which had formed part of the holdings of Ismihan, today still remember that their village was under the protection of a princess (“under the veil of a Sultana”).^[25]

• Peirce, Leslie P. (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-195-08677-5.
• Uluçay, Mustafa Çağatay (2011). Padişahların kadınları ve kızları. Ankara, Ötüken.
• Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Yayıncılık. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6.
• Kayaalp, Pinar (9 April 2018). The Empress Nurbanu and Ottoman Politics in the Sixteenth Century: Building the Atik Valide. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-59661-9.
• Miović, Vesna (2018-05-02). "Per favore della Soltana: moćne osmanske žene i dubrovački diplomati". Anali Zavoda Za Povijesne Znanosti Hrvatske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti U Dubrovniku (in Croatian). 56 (56/1): 147–197. doi:10.21857/mwo1vczp2y. ISSN 1330-0598.