The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Dakar, Senegal.
Prior to 20th century
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- 1857
- 1862 – "Master plan for Dakar is drafted by Émile Pinet-Laprade."[2]
- 1863
- Streets named.[2]
- Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Senegambia established.[3]
- 1867 - Port was opened for commerce.[4]
- 1872 – Town becomes part of the commune of Gorée.[5]
- 1878 – Population: 1,600.[6]
- 1885
- Rue Blanchot mosque built (approximate date).[7]
- Opening of the Dakar–Saint-Louis railway (163 miles long).[4]
- 1887
- 1891 – Population: 8,737.[5]
- 1900 – "Military seaport" built.[2]
20th century
[edit]1900s–1950s
[edit]- 1902 – Capital of French West Africa moved to Dakar from Saint-Louis.[8][4]
- 1903 – Hann Park created.[9]
- 1904
- 1905 – Brest-Dakar telegraph in operation.[4]
- 1907
- Government Palace built.[10]
- L'A.O.F. newspaper begins publication.[11]
- 1908 – Harbor constructed.[4]
- 1913
- Democratie du Senegal newspaper begins publication.[11]
- National Archives of Senegal formed.[12]
- 1914
- 1918
- French West Africa School of Medicine established.
- Population: 25,468.[14]
- 1920 – Blaise Diagne becomes mayor.[5]
- 1921 – Population: 32,440.[5]
- 1924 – Dakar–Niger Railway begins operating.[15]
- 1926 – Population: 33,679.[5]
- 1929
- Gorée annexed to Dakar.[5]
- Société des brasseries de l'Ouest africain formed.
- 1933
- Paris-Dakar newspaper begins publication.
- Foyer France Sénégal football club formed.
- 1934 – Armand-Pierre Angrand becomes mayor.
- 1936 – Catholic Cathédrale du Souvenir africain de Dakar inaugurated.[16]
- 1938 - Institut Français d’Afrique Noire[17] and museum founded.
- 1940 - Battle of Dakar.
- 1940s – Mama Casset photo studio in business.[18]
- 1944 – Thiaroye Massacre.
- 1950 – Cours Sainte Marie de Hann founded.[citation needed]
- 1957 – University of Dakar established.
- 1959
- City becomes capital of Mali Federation.
- French Cultural Centre created.
1960s–1990s
[edit]- 1960 – École de Dakar (art) movement active.[19]
- 1961
- Dakar-Matin newspaper begins publication.
- Population: 374,700 urban agglomeration.[20]
- 1962 – House of Slaves (Gorée) museum opens.
- 1963
- December: Political demonstration; crackdown.[8]
- Borom Sarret film released (set in Dakar).[21]
- 1964 - Dakar Grand Mosque built.
- 1966
- Daniel Sorano Theatre opens (approximate date).[22]
- Amity Stadium opens (approximate date).[22]
- World Festival of Black Arts held.[23][21]
- 1969 – Population: 581,000 urban agglomeration.[24]
- 1970
- 1972 – Enda Third World and Centre Culturel Régional Blaise Senghor[26] established.
- 1973 – Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa headquartered in Dakar.
- 1974 – Laboratoire Agit'Art (art group) formed.[19]
- 1975 – Association Nationale des Bibliothécaires, Archivistes et Documentalistes Senegalais headquartered in city.[17]
- 1978 – Dakar Rally motor vehicle race begins.
- 1984
- Mamadou Diop becomes mayor.
- WalFadjri newspaper begins publication.[citation needed]
- 1989
- May: Meeting of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie held in city.
- Musée historique du Sénégal à Gorée opens.
- Ethnic violence.[27]
- 1990
- Dakar Biennale begins.
- Public library established.[17]
- Sét Sétal art movement develops.[21]
- Population: 1,405,000 (urban agglomeration).[28]
- 1993
- Sud Quotidien begins publication.
- West African Research Center established.
- 1994
- Henriette-Bathily Women's Museum opens.[17]
- Kermel market burns down.
- 1995 – Population: 1,688,000 (urban agglomeration).[28]
- 1996
- Municipal administration divided into 19 communes d'arrondissement: Biscuiterie, Cambérène, Dieuppeul-Derklé, Fann-Point E-Amitié, Gueule Tapée-Fass-Colobane, Gorée, Grand Yoff, Grand Dakar, Hann Bel-Air, HLM, Médina, Mermoz-Sacré-Cœur, Ngor, Ouakam, Parcelles Assainies, Patte d'Oie, Dakar-Plateau, Sicap-Liberté, and Yoff.(fr)
- City becomes part of Dakar Department, Dakar Region.
- Musée des Forces Armées Senegalaise established.[17]
- 1997
- Media Centre de Dakar in operation.[29]
- Mosquée de la Divinité built.
- 1998 – Doole community exchange system established.[30]
- 1999 – Festival international du film de quartier de Dakar begins.
- 2000 – Population: 2,029,000 (urban agglomeration).[28]
21st century
[edit]- 2001 – Student protests.[31]
- 2002 – Pape Diop becomes mayor.
- 2003
- Le Quotidien newspaper begins publication.
- West Africa Democracy Radio begins broadcasting.
- Meeting of the Association Internationale des Maires Francophones held in city.
- Closure of the Dakar–Saint-Louis railway, (approx date)
- 2005 – Population: 2,434,000 (urban agglomeration),[28] 1,030,594 (city).
- 2006 – City hosts African Swimming Championships.
- 2007 – June: Economic protest.[32]
- 2008 - Raw Material Company (art space) founded.[33]
- 2009
- City website online (approximate date).[34][chronology citation needed]
- Khalifa Sall becomes mayor.[35]
- 2010 – African Renaissance Monument dedicated.[36]
- 2011
- 2013
- June: U.S. President Obama visits city.[40]
- Air pollution in Dakar reaches annual mean of 34 PM2.5 and 141 PM10, much higher than recommended.[41]
- 2014
- November: Meeting of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie held in city.
- Statue of Léopold Sédar Senghor installed.
See also
[edit]- Dakar history (fr)
- List of mayors of Dakar
- List of heritage sites in the Dakar Region
- Timeline of Senegal
- Timeline of Saint-Louis, Senegal
References
[edit]- ^ Whittlesey 1941.
- ^ a b c d Bigon 2016.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Senegal". www.katolsk.no. Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Historique de la ville (in French), Ville de Dakar, retrieved 30 August 2015
- ^ Nelson 2007.
- ^ Cleo Cantone (2006). "A Mosque in a Mosque: Some Observations on the Rue Blanchot Mosque in Dakar & Its Relation to Other Mosques in the Colonial Period". Cahiers d'Études Africaines. 46 (182): 363–387. doi:10.4000/etudesafricaines.15253. JSTOR 4393580.
- ^ a b "Senegal". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. p. 357+. ISBN 978-0203409954.
- ^ "Garden Search: Senegal". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ Saglio, Christian (1983). Guide de Dakar et du Sénégal. Société africaine d'édition. p. 42.
- ^ a b G. Wesley Johnson (1971), The emergence of Black politics in Senegal, Stanford, Calif.: Published for the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, by Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0804707831
- ^ "Les Archives Nationales du Sénégal". Archived from the original on 1 September 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
- ^ Betts 1971.
- ^ "France: Africa: French West Africa and the Sahara". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. pp. 895–903 – via Internet Archive.
Colony of Senegal
- ^ De Benoist, Joseph-Roger (1987). Église et pouvoir colonial au Soudan français: les relations entre les administrateurs et les missionnaires catholiques dans la Boucle du Niger, de 1885 à 1945. KARTHALA Editions. p. 270. ISBN 9782865371693.
- ^ Elizabeth A. Foster (2009). "An Ambiguous Monument: Dakar's Colonial Cathedral of the Souvenir Africain". French Historical Studies. 32 (1): 85–119. doi:10.1215/00161071-2008-014.
- ^ a b c d e Bernard Dione; Dieyi Diouf (2010), "Senegal: Libraries, Archives and Museums", in Marcia J. Bates (ed.), Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, ISBN 9780849397127
- ^ Kevin Mulhearn (2006). "Photography in Africa: Central and West". In Lynne Warren (ed.). Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Photography. Routledge. p. 27+. ISBN 978-1-135-20536-2.
- ^ a b Glossary of art terms, UK: Tate, retrieved 30 August 2015
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
- ^ a b c "Western and Central Sudan, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- ^ a b "Festival Time in Dakar". Negro Digest. April 1966.
- ^ Hoyt W. Fuller (July 1966). "World Festival of Negro Arts". Ebony. Chicago, US.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ S. Sherwood (3 December 2009). "The Songs of Senegal". New York Times. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
- ^ "Centre Culturel Régional Blaise Senghor" (in French). Ministere de la culture du Senegal. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
- ^ McLaughlin 2001.
- ^ a b c d "The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets". United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2010. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013.
- ^ "Média Centre de Dakar: L'ambition de faire renaître le cinéma africain". Observatoire sur les Systèmes d'information. 10 December 2004.
- ^ Stephen Demeulenaere (Summer 2001). "On the Doole". Alternatives Journal. 27 (3).
- ^ "Student Killed in Senegal Protest". Chronicle of Higher Education. 47 (24). 23 February 2001.
- ^ Andreas Mehler; et al., eds. (2008). "Senegal". Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2007. Vol. 4. Koninklijke Brill. p. 175+. ISBN 9789004168053.
- ^ "Senegal". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- ^ "Ville de Dakar". Archived from the original on 16 October 2009 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
- ^ Diouf, Mamadou (2013). Les arts de la citoyenneté au Sénégal: espaces contestés et civilités urbaines. KARTHALA Editions. p. 114. ISBN 9782811109561.
- ^ "Statuesque or grotesque?". The Economist. 25 February 2010.
- ^ "ICANN Dakar Senegal No.42: 23–28 October 2011". ICANN. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
- ^ "Corporate Information: Google Offices". Google Inc. Archived from the original on 29 May 2011.
- ^ The State of African Cities 2014. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 10 September 2015. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014.
- ^ "Première nuit de Obama au Sénégal". Le Quotidien (in French). Dakar. 27 June 2013. Archived from the original on 28 June 2013.
- ^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on 28 March 2014
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.
Bibliography
[edit]in English
[edit]- published in 20th century
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 762.
- Derwent Whittlesey (1941). "Dakar and the Other Cape Verde Settlements". Geographical Review. 31 (4): 609–638. doi:10.2307/210502. JSTOR 210502.
- Raymond F. Betts (April 1971). "Establishment of the Medina in Dakar, Senegal, 1914". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 41 (2): 143–152. doi:10.2307/1159424. JSTOR 1159424. S2CID 143324799.
- M. Diouf. (1999). "Urban youth and Senegalese politics: Dakar 1988-1994", In J. Holston, ed., Cities and Citizenship. Durham, NC: Duke University Press
- published in 21st century
- Fiona McLaughlin (2001). "Dakar Wolof and the Configuration of an Urban Identity". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 14 (2).
- Dickson Eyoh and Paul Tiyambe Zeleza, ed. (2003). "Dakar". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415234795.
- Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, ed. (2005). "Dakar". Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
- Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005). "Dakar". Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
- David Nelson (2007). "Defining the Urban: The Construction of French-Dominated Colonial Dakar, 1857-1940". Historical Reflections. 33 (2): 225–255. JSTOR 41299411.
- Mamadou Diouf (2008). "(Re)Imagining an African city: performing culture, arts, and citizenship in Dakar (Senegal), 1980-2000". In Gyan Prakash and Kevin Michael Kruse (ed.). Spaces of the Modern City: Imaginaries, Politics, and Everyday Life. Princeton University Press. p. 346+. ISBN 978-0-691-13343-0.
- Simon Bekker and Goran Therborn, ed. (2011), "Dakar", Capital Cities in Africa: Power and Powerlessness, Dakar: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, ISBN 978-2-8697-8495-6
- Liora Bigon; Yossi Katz, eds. (2014). "From metropolitan to colonial planning: Dakar between garden city and cité-jardin". Garden Cities and Colonial Planning. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-1-5261-0678-0.
- Profile of Crime Markets in Dakar, Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies, 2014 – via International Relations and Security Network
- Daniel Castillo Hidalgo (2014). "Port of Dakar: Technological Evolution, Management and Commercial Activity". In Miguel Bosa Suirez (ed.). Atlantic Ports and the First Globalisation C. 1850–1930. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-32798-7.
- Liora Bigon (2016). French Colonial Dakar: the Morphogenesis of an African Regional Capital. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-1-78499-786-1. (Includes timeline)
in French
[edit]- Ch. Brossard, ed. (1906). "Afrique occidentale française: Senegal: Description des villes: Dakar". Colonies françaises. Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France (in French). Paris: Flammarion. hdl:2027/mdp.39015005579753. (+ table of contents)
- Claude Faure (1914). Histoire de la presqu'ile du Cap Vert et des origines de Dakar (in French). Paris: Emile Larose.
- Jacques Charpy (1958). La Fondation De Dakar, 1845-1857-1869 (in French). Paris. OCLC 8248635.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Suzanne Daveau [in Portuguese] (1959). "Une enquête urbaine à Dakar". L'Information géographique (in French). 23 (5): 211–215. doi:10.3406/ingeo.1959.1940 – via Persee.fr.
- Assane Seck (1961). "Dakar". Cahiers d'Outre-Mer (in French). 14 – via Persee.fr.
- Assane Seck (1970). Dakar, metropole ouest-africaine (in French). Dakar. OCLC 813651508.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Denise Bouche (1978). "Dakar pendant la deuxième Guerre mondiale: Problèmes de surpeuplement". Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer (in French). 65 (240): 423–438. doi:10.3406/outre.1978.2135 – via Persee.fr.
- Alain Sinou (1993). Comptoirs et villes coloniales du Senegal: Saint-Louis, Goree, Dakar (in French). Paris.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Thomas Saupique (2002). "L'électrification de la ville de Dakar après 1945". Outre-mers (in French). 89 – via Persee.fr.
- Abdoul Aziz Diop (2007). "Quelles centralités pour la ville de Dakar, Sénégal?". Rives nord-méditerranéennes (in French). 26 (26): 75–92. doi:10.4000/rives.921 – via Revues.org.
- "Histoire". Dakar. Le Petit Futé (in French). 2011. p. 21+.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Dakar.
- "(Dakar)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
- "(Dakar)" – via Qatar National Library, Qatar Digital Library. (Images, etc.)
- "(Dakar)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
- "(Dakar)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
- "(Dakar)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. 29 September 2016. (Bibliography)
- "(Dakar)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
- "(Dakar)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
- "Dakar, Senegal". BlackPast.org. US. June 2010.
- "Senegal: Dakar". ArchNet. Archived from the original on 14 February 2006.
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