The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Prior to 20th century
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- 1875 - Town besieged by Arabs.[1]
- 1883 - Europeans arrive.[1]
- 1887 - Tippu Tip becomes governor of the Stanley Falls District in the colonial Congo Free State.
- 1899 - Cathédrale Notre-Dame du Rosaire built.[chronology citation needed]
20th century
[edit]- 1904 - Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of Stanley Falls established.[2]
- 1906 - Ponthiérville-Stanleyville railway begins operating.[3]
- 1908 - Town becomes part of the colonial Belgian Congo.
- 1913 - Justin Malfeyt becomes governor of Orientale Province.[4][5]
- 1921 - Ligne Aérienne du Roi Albert (Leopoldville-Stanleville) airline begins operating.
- 1930 - October: Tornado occurs.[6]
- 1935 - Town becomes seat of the newly formed Stanleyville province.[7]
- 1947 - Town becomes seat of the Orientale Province.[7]
- 1955 - AS Nika (football club) formed.
- 1957 - Bralima Brewery plant begins operating.
- 1959 - Population: 126,533 (estimate).[8]
- 1960
- 30 June: City becomes part of newly independent Republic of the Congo.
- July: Unrest.[9][chronology citation needed]
- 1964
- City taken by rebels during the Simba rebellion.
- November: 1964 Stanleyville massacre occurs.[10]
- Stanleyville becomes capital of the newly created People's Republic of the Congo.[11]
- 1966
- July: Mercenaries' Mutiny attempted.
- Stanleyville renamed "Kisangani."[7]
- 1967 - Second Mercenaries' Mutiny occurs.
- 1970
- Belgian king Baudouin visits city.[citation needed]
- Population: 216,526.[1]
- 1971
- Société Textile de Kisangani (manufactory) begins operating.[12]
- City becomes seat of Haut-Zaïre province.[11]
- 1975 - Population: 297,888 (estimate).[13]
- 1980 - May: Catholic pope visits Kisangani.
- 1981 - University of Kisangani established.
- 1984 - Population: 317,581.[14]
- 1986 - "Diamond deposits...first discovered."[1]
- 1991 - September: City "pillaged...by rampaging soldiers."[15]
- 1992 - November: Riverboat shutdown begins.[16]
- 1993 - December: City again looted by soldiers.[16]
- 1994 - Population: 417,517.[1][17]
- 1996 - November: City besieged by "Zairian soldiers fleeing the war zone" during the First Congo War.[15]
- 1997
- March: City taken by rebel forces.[18][19]
- City becomes seat of Haut-Congo province.[7]
- 2000 - June: Rwanda-Uganda armed conflict occurs in Kisangani.[20]
21st century
[edit]- 2002 - 14–15 May: Massacre.[1]
- 2003 - August: Arrival via Congo river of "first commercial delivery from the capital since the fighting began in 1998."[21]
- 2007 - Médard Autsai Asenga becomes provincial governor.[22]
- 2008 - Guy Shilton Baendo Tofuli becomes mayor.[23]
- 2010 - National military Camp Base in operation (approximate date).[chronology citation needed]
- 2011 - 8 July: Airplane crash occurs at Bangoka International Airport.
- 2013 - Jean Bamanisa Saïdi becomes provincial governor.[22]
- 2015 - City becomes seat of Tshopo province (officially created in 2006).
- 2016 - Jean Ilongo Tokole becomes governor of Tshopo province.[24]
- 2017 - Constant Lomata becomes governor of Tshopo province.[25]
See also
[edit]- Kisangani history
- Timelines of other cities in DR Congo: Bukavu, Goma, Kinshasa, Lubumbashi
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Omasombo 2005.
- ^ "Democratic Republic of the Congo". Chronology of Catholic Dioceses. Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
- ^ MacGaffey 1987.
- ^ "Liste des gouverneurs de la Province Orientale". Stanleyville.be (in French). Jean-Luc Ernst. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
- ^ "Malfeyt" (PDF), Biographie Belge d'Outre-Mer (in French), Institut Royal Colonial Belge, 1952
- ^ L'Illustration Congolaise (in French), Brussels, 1931, OCLC 47785474
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c d Gwillim Law (1999). "Democratic Republic of the Congo". Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998. US: McFarland & Company. pp. 92–94. ISBN 0786407298.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
Stanleyville
- ^ "Thriving Stanleyville Now Depressed Kisangani", New York Times, 28 June 1970
- ^ "28 More White Hostages Found Slain in Stanleyville", New York Times, 28 November 1964
- ^ a b Emizet Francois Kisangani (2016). Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781442273160.
- ^ "R.D. Congo: Kisangani". Petit Futé (in French). Retrieved 23 October 2017.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1980. New York. pp. 225–252.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2000. United Nations Statistics Division.
- ^ a b French 1997.
- ^ a b Kenneth B. Noble (18 March 1993), "Kisangani Journal; With Artery Severed, Heart of Africa Grows Still", New York Times
- ^ Association pour le Developpement de l'Information Environmentale, 2003
- ^ "Zaire Rebels Begin Attack On Key City of Kisangani", New York Times, 15 March 1997
- ^ James C. McKinley Jr. (17 March 1997), "A Fallen City, Seeking Peace, Greets Rebels", New York Times
- ^ "Congo's hidden war", The Economist, London, 15 June 2000
- ^ "A mend in the river", The Economist, London, 7 August 2003
- ^ a b "RDC: le réveil de Kisangani, la belle endormie", Jeune Afrique (in French), 23 December 2014
- ^ "Liste des maires de la ville depuis 1960". Stanleyville.be (in French). Jean-Luc Ernst. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
- ^ "RDC: liste de nouveaux gouverneurs de province élus", Radiookapi.net (in French), 26 March 2016
- ^ "Constant Lomata nouveau gouverneur de la Tshopo", Radiookapi.net (in French), 29 August 2017
- This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
[edit]- in English
- Valdo Pons (1969). Stanleyville: An African Urban Community under Belgian Administration. Oxford University Press, for International African Institute. ISBN 9780197241769.
- V. S. Naipaul (1979). A Bend in the River. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-50573-5. (Novel set in fictional town similar to Kisangani)
- Janet MacGaffey (1987). Entrepreneurs and Parasites: The Struggle for Indigenous Capitalism in Zaïre. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33533-1. (Case study of Kisangani)
- Howard W. French (14 February 1997), "Kisangani Journal: An Outpost Whose Futures Have Come and Gone", New York Times
- Jean Tshonda Omasombo (2002). "Kisangani and the curve of destiny". In Okwui Enwezor (ed.). Under Siege: Four African Cities, Freetown, Johannesburg, Kinshasa, Lagos. Ostfildern, Germany: Hatje Cantz. ISBN 978-3-7757-9090-1.
Documenta11
- Jean Omasombo (2005). "Kisangani: A City at its Lowest Ebb". In Abdoumaliq Simone; Abdelghani Abouhani (eds.). Urban Africa: Changing Contours of Survival in the City. London: Zed Books. ISBN 1842775936.
- in French
- "Stanleyville", L'État indépendant du Congo: documents sur le pays et ses habitants, Annales du Musée du Congo (in French), Brussels, 1904, hdl:2027/pst.000022332363 – via HathiTrust
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Élisabethville-Stanleyville par la route (Touring-Club du Congo belge, Léopoldville, 31 mars 1941, pp. 25–26 ; 30 avril 1941, pp. 46–47).
- Singhitini F. M. de Thier(?) (1963), La Stanleyville musulmane [Muslim Stanleyville], Correspondance d'Orient (in French), Brussels: Centre pour l'Etude du Problème du Monde musulman contemporain
- Benoît Verhaegen, ed. (1975). Kisangani 1876-1976. Histoire d'une ville (in French). Kinshasa: Presses Universitaires du Zaïre. OCLC 869660596.
- Bogumil Jewsiecki (1978). "Histoire économique d'une ville coloniale Kisangani: 1877-1960". Les cahiers du CEDAF (in French) (5). Brussels: Centre d'Etudes et de Documentation Africaines. ISSN 0250-1619.
- Léon de Saint Moulin (2010). "Kisangani". Villes et organisation de l'espace en République Démocratique du Congo (in French). L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-296-25787-0.
- Bérengère Piret (2014), Les cent mille briques. La prison et les détenus de Stanleyville [Hundred thousand bricks: the prison and inmates of Stanleyville] (in French), Lille: Centre d'histoire judiciaire, ISBN 978-2-910114-26-8
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kisangani.
- "(Kisangani)". Contemporary History Library Catalogue. Belgium: Royal Museum for Central Africa. (Bibliography) (see also "Stanleyville")
- "(Kisangani)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography) (see also "Stanleyville")
- Items related to Kisangani, various dates (via Europeana)
- Items related to Stanleyville/Kisangani, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
Images
[edit]-
Politician Moïse Tshombe visits Stanleyville, 1964 -
Hydroelectric dam on Tshopo river, built in 1954-1955 (photo 2006) -
Map of Kisangani, 1997 -
Military training at Camp Base, Kisangani, 2010
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