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Methamidophos

Methamidophos
Skeletal formula of methamidophos
Ball-and-stick model of the methamidophos molecule
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
O,S-Dimethyl phosphoramidothioate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1098870
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.538 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 233-606-0
KEGG
RTECS number
  • TB4970000
UNII
UN number 3018 2783
  • InChI=1S/C2H8NO2PS/c1-5-6(3,4)7-2/h1-2H3,(H2,3,4) checkY
    Key: NNKVPIKMPCQWCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • O=P(OC)(SC)N
Properties
C2H8NO2PS
Molar mass 141.1 g/mol
Density 1.31 g/cm3
Melting point 44.5 °C (112.1 °F; 317.6 K)
Boiling point thermally unstable
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS06: ToxicGHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H300, H311, H330, H400
P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P310, P312, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Methamidophos, trade name "Monitor," is an organophosphate insecticide.

Crops grown with the use of methamidophos include potatoes[1] and some Latin American rice.[2] Many nations have used methamidophos on crops, including developed nations such as Spain, United States, Japan, and Australia. Due to its toxicity, the use of pesticides that contain methamidophos is currently being phased out in Brazil. In 2009, all uses in the United States were voluntarily canceled.[3]

Toxicity

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LD50 rates of 21 and 16 mg/kg for male and female rats, respectively. 10–30 mg/kg in rabbits, and dermal LD50 of 50 mg/kg in rats. It is rapidly absorbed through the stomach, lungs, and skin in humans, and eliminated primarily through urine.[4] It is a cholinesterase inhibitor.

Breakdown in soil is 6.1 days in sand, 309 days in water at pH 5.0, 27 days at pH 7.0, and 3 days at pH 9.0. Sunlight accelerates breakdown. It is uptaken through roots and leaves of plants.[4]

It is classified as a WHO Toxicity Class "Class 1b, Highly Hazardous", and its parent chemical, acephate, is "class III, Slightly Hazardous".

Use

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Methamidophos is used in great quantities in ricefields in China.[5] Rice–fish culture is common in the southern parts of China as well as in many other rice-producing countries (e.g., Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines). Brown rice (unpolished) in this study contained double the concentration of polished rice. Both plants and animals did not degrade the pesticide well, and fish for human consumption in these cases contains methamidophos in concentrations roughly similar to brown rice.[5]

Consumer Toxicity

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Methamidophos was found in dumplings (gyoza) manufactured in China for the Japanese market after a number of consumers became sick.[6]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "methamidophos (Monitor) Page 1". Archived from the original on 2000-03-03.
  2. ^ Did Your Shopping List Kill A Songbird? Bridget Stutchbury, New York Times March 30, 2008
  3. ^ "Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 183 / Wednesday, September 23, 2009 / Notices" (PDF). US EPA. 23 September 2009. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  4. ^ a b "Rotterdam Convention Home Page" (PDF).
  5. ^ a b "International Development Research Center". Archived from the original on Mar 14, 2009. Retrieved Jul 18, 2022.
  6. ^ "Chinese factory insiders suspected of tampering with dumplings". Japan Today. Retrieved Jul 18, 2022.
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